23 research outputs found
A vetőmag kezelési lehetőségei az ökológiai gazdálkodásban
Az ökolĂłgiai (bio) növĂ©nytermesztĂ©s szemlĂ©lete megkĂvánja, hogy a termeszteni kĂvánt növĂ©ny szaporĂtĂłanyaga is ökolĂłgiai gazdálkodásbĂłl származzon. Az ökolĂłgiai gazdálkodásra vonatkozĂł elĹ‘Ărásokat nemcsak az ökolĂłgiai szaporĂtĂłanyag termesztĂ©sĂ©nek Ă©s betakarĂtásának folyamatában kell betartani, hanem a kĂ©sĹ‘bbiekben a vetĹ‘mag feldolgozásakor Ă©s kikĂ©szĂtĂ©se során sem lehet a magbetegsĂ©gek csökkentĂ©sĂ©re vagy a kĂ©sĹ‘bbi kelĂ©s serkentĂ©sĂ©re hagyományos csávázĂłszereket, szintetikus növĂ©nyvĂ©dĹ‘ szereket, hormonokat, egyĂ©b kezelĂ©seket használni.
Célul tűztem ki vizsgálataimban, az ökológiai gazdálkodásban engedélyezett, az ökovetőmag életerejének megtartására és növelésére alkalmas anyagok kiválasztását, és a kiválasztott anyagokhoz kapcsolódó kezelési módszerek kidolgozását. A kiválasztott anyagokat mag életerő vizsgálati módszereken keresztül vizsgáltam. Célul tűztem ki ezért a jelenlegi vigorvizsgálatok közül az ökovetőmag életerejét leginkább jellemző vizsgálati módszer kiválasztását egy későbbi ajánlás kidolgozására.
Vizsgálataimban az első körben kiválasztott anyagok hatását – Alginit, Vetozen KR-60, Natúr Biokál 01 és kakukkfűolaj – in vitro körülmények között vizsgáltam maggal terjedő Ascochyta sp. és Fusarium moniliforme kórokozókra. A kakukkfűolaj a kórokozók fejlődését táptalajon erősen gátolta, a többi anyag gátló hatást nem mutatott. Ezután vizsgálataimat az életerő vizsgálatok irányába folytattam.
Vizsgálataimhoz tesztnövĂ©nynek kukorica (Zea mays L.), vöröshagyma (Allium cepa L.) Ă©s borsĂł (Pisum sativum L.) vetĹ‘mag tĂ©teleket választottam, mindegyik fajbĂłl egy jobb b Ă©s egy gyengĂ©bb csĂrázĂłkĂ©pessĂ©gű mintát kezeltem Ă©s vizsgáltam. A kezelĂ©sekhez használt anyagok vĂz (20ÂşC nem deionizált), melyet a gyakorlatban egyes gazdák alkalmaznak Ă©s a NatĂşr Biokál 01 30%-os vizes oldata, mely Magyarországon az ökolĂłgiai gazdálkodásban mint növĂ©nykondicionálĂł anyag van forgalomban.
Az áztatásos kezelĂ©sek idĹ‘tartama 2, 4, 6 Ăłra volt. Az áztatás után a magokat 24 Ăłráig 21ÂşC hĹ‘mĂ©rsĂ©kleten szárĂtottam. Száradás után elvĂ©geztem a Nemzetközi VetĹ‘magvizsgálati SzövetsĂ©ge (ISTA) által javasolt vigorvizsgálatokat (csĂrázĂłkĂ©pessĂ©g vizsgálat, elektromos vezetĹ‘kĂ©pessĂ©g vizsgálat, csĂranövĂ©ny növekedĂ©si teszt, cold teszt, gyorsĂtott öregĂtĂ©s vizsgálat) Ă©s szabadföldi kelĂ©svizsgálatot.
Az eredmĂ©nyeim alapján a vigorvizsgálatok közĂĽl kukoricánál Ă©s hagymánál a cold teszt Ă©s csĂranövĂ©ny növekedĂ©s vizsgálatok javasolhatĂłk a vetĹ‘mag minĹ‘sĂtĹ‘ vizsgálatok kiegĂ©szĂtĂ©sĂ©re, borsĂłnál a gyorsĂtott öregĂtĂ©s vizsgálat nyĂşjtott többlet informáciĂłt a mag Ă©leterejĂ©rĹ‘l.
A kezelĂ©sek közĂĽl a vizes Ă©s NatĂşr Biokállal kezelt tĂ©telek mind javĂtották a mag Ă©leterejĂ©t. Legtöbb esetben Ă©s legnagyobb arányban a 4 Ăłrás 30%-os NatĂşr Biokál 01 oldatban valĂł áztatás javĂtotta a tĂ©telek eredmĂ©nyeit.
Mindhárom tesztnövĂ©nynĂ©l a gyengĂ©bb csĂrázĂłkĂ©pessĂ©gű tĂ©teleknĂ©l a kezelĂ©sek pozitĂv hatása jobban mutatkozott, mint a jĂł minĹ‘sĂ©gű tĂ©telnĂ©l. GyengĂ©bb tĂ©telek csĂrázĂłkĂ©pessĂ©g Ă©s Ă©leterĹ‘ javĂtására ezĂ©rt a kezelĂ©sek kifejezetten ajánlhatĂłk, szabadföldi kelĂ©snĂ©l elĹ‘nyt jelenthet a gazdáknak
Different concentrations of biostimulators impact colorimetric parameters of intensively managed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) frutis : [abstract]
Color changes during storage of organic and conventional carrots
Storage impacts the visual and nutritional characteristics of carrots (Daucus carota L.). The visual changes related to color parameters are interrelated to physiochemical changes, especially to those that are responsible for color, i.e. carotenoids. With a proper environment, the long-term storage of carrot is possible with the preservation of valuable nutrients. In this study, four typical household storage environments are applied for carrot samples originating from organic and conventional production. The results indicated, that among temperature, packaging type, and cultivation type, packaging has the highest impact on the investigated color parameters of carrot homogenates, and, indirectly on carotenoids content
Advantageous traits of hungarian tomato accessions for future utilization
Due to its production and consumption volume, tomato is one of the most important vegetable of the World. Extensive efforts have been made to overcome genotypic difficulties that decelerated gradual increase of yield. Throughout this improvement, plant genetic resources (PGRs) with unfavorable vegetative and generative characteristics together with possibly valuable traits (e.g. rich flavor, outstanding nutritional content, uncommon fruit size, color, and shape, high adaptation to environmental extremities) have been lost. The side-effects of modern breeding progress, such as loss of flavor, lower nutritional content are measurable now in modern varieties. Tomato PGRs collected by gene banks are available for screening and for re-use of advantageous genes; for this, accession-level testing has to be executed.
The hypothesis of the present study was that the selected Hungarian tomato accessions have valuable yield characteristics, which can be utilized in future breeding programs.
In a three year (2012-2014) open field trial, four PGRs with pepper-shaped fruits were grown together with San Marzano variety as a reference point. The PGRs were the followings (place of origin in brackets): RCAT030271 (Kozárd), RCAT031255 (Soltvadkert), RCAT031257 (Gyöngyös), and RCAT060349 (Nagykáta). The location was the certified organic land of SZIE Soroksár Experimental and Educational Station, Hungary. The propagation material was provided by Research Centre for Agrobiodiversity (NöDiK), Tápiószele. Weight of weekly yield was measured; the fruits were separated to three fractions, i.e. intact, cracked, and infected fractions. Coherences with weather parameters were also investigated.
The potential yield (summary of all fractions) of PGRs were comparable with that of San Marzano variety in 2012, however, the cracked fraction of PGRs were significantly higher. The arid weather of 2013 reduced the ratio of cracked fractions in the case of all PGRs and the variety. The extremely humid season of 2014 was favorable especially for RCAT031257, the intact fraction of which was significantly higher than those of San Marzano. The potential yield of PGRs, with the exception of RCAT060349, was two-fold higher than the value of San Marzano. It was concluded, that scanning Hungarian tomato PGRs for useful traits (e.g. high yield in weather extremities, novel fruit color and shape) is reasonable; these characteristics can possibly be utilized by future breeding efforts.
 
Influence of abiotic disorders on nutritional values of tomato (solanum lycopersicum
Susceptibility to abiotic disorders could play a key role in the utilization of landraces of tomato. These races have been abandoned due to non-compatibility to today’s intensive agriculture. As there is dissatisfaction on present varieties and hybrids in the context of flavor and nutritional value, landraces could be a viable alternative for the enhancement of these parameters either “per se” or as breeding background. However, frequent occurrence of abiotic disorders causes yield losses. The hypothesis of the present study is that removal of irregular fruit parts positively influences the nutritional profile of tomato in the context of investigated parameters. In the present study influence of abiotic disorders on total soluble solids (TSS), acid (TA) and lycopene content was investigated on six Hungarian tomato landraces and two commercial varieties. Abiotic disorders occurred were mainly cracking, green shoulder, sunburst and catfacing. Propagation materials were provided by Plant Biodiversity Center Tápiószele. The experiment is supported by Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, ÖMKi. Our results showed that abiotically disordered plant parts have an impact on TSS, TA and lycopene content, however, in case of investigated accessions and varieties the difference was seldom significant. Only in case of TSS a tendency can be experienced, where all samples showed lower results after the removal of abiotically disordered plant parts. In case of TA and lycopene content no tendencies could have been withdrawn
INFLUENCE OF ABIOTIC DISORDERS ON NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM)
Susceptibility to abiotic disorders could play a key role in the utilization of landraces of tomato. These races have been abandoned due to non-compatibility to today’s intensive agriculture. As there is dissatisfaction on present varieties and hybrids in the context of flavor and nutritional value, landraces could be a viable alternative for the enhancement of these parameters either “per se” or as breeding background. However, frequent occurrence of abiotic disorders causes yield losses. The hypothesis of the present study is that removal of irregular fruit parts positively influences the nutritional profile of tomato in the context of investigated parameters.In the present study influence of abiotic disorders on total soluble solids (TSS), acid (TA) and lycopene content was investigated on six Hungarian tomato landraces and two commercial varieties. Abiotic disorders occurred were mainly cracking, green shoulder, sunburst and catfacing. Propagation materials were provided by Plant Biodiversity Center Tápiószele. The experiment is supported by Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, ÖMKi. Our results showed that abiotically disordered plant parts have an impact on TSS, TA and lycopene content, however, in case of investigated accessions and varieties the difference was seldom significant. Only in case of TSS a tendency can be experienced, where all samples showed lower results after the removal of abiotically disordered plant parts. In case of TA and lycopene content no tendencies could have been withdrawn
A paradicsom ökológiai termesztése
Az ökolĂłgiai zöldsĂ©gtermesztĂ©s egyik legkedveltebb kultĂşrája a paradicsom. AlapvetĹ‘ elvárás, hogy az ökolĂłgiai termesztĂ©sbĹ‘l származĂł bioparadicsom konvencionális termĂ©nyekhez viszonyĂtott magasabb árát a jobb minĹ‘sĂ©ge Ă©s Ăze tegye indokolttá. Kiadványunkban a professzionális ökolĂłgiai paradicsomtermesztĂ©st segĂtĹ‘ legfontosabb termesztĂ©stechnolĂłgiai Ă©s minĹ‘sĂ©gbiztosĂtási informáciĂłkat foglaltuk össze. Minden fejezet elejĂ©n ismertetjĂĽk az általános tudnivalĂłkat, majd kĂĽlön-kĂĽlön taglaljuk a szabadföldi Ă©s hajtatott termesztĂ©s egyes technolĂłgiai elemeit
Comparison of different substrates for organic seedling production
ABSTRACT
Propagation from seedlings is generally applied in the horticultural sector and it has many advantages including earlier harvest and more efficient resource (land, time, energy and seeds) utilization, as well as healthy and homogenous plant production. In conventional large-scale horticulture, seedling cultivation has already become a separate sector. The basis of successful seedling production is the use of the suitable substrate. The physical and chemical quality of the growing medium is crucial. There can be significant differences among the growing media available at the domestic market. For own substrate, farmers put different mixtures of peat, perlite and nutrients together according to a unique recipe.
According to the Regulation (EU) 2018/848 on organic production and labelling of organic products, only organic seed and seedling can be used for organic plant production. Therefore, seeds, fertilizers, plant protection and disinfection substances are allowed to be applied only when authorized for use in organic production by the regulations.
Recently there are only a few professional organic seedling producers in Hungary. Most of the organic farmers produce their own seedlings. For this purpose, commercially available certified organic growing media, or home mixed substrates are used.
In this study, two commercially available organic substrates (Florasca Bio B and Klasmann KKS Proline) are compared with two typical farmer mixtures: peat with pelleted cattle manure and peat with compost. The physical and chemical properties of the substrates are investigated and presented.