BERKELEY'S NEW APPROACH TO GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT: EARLY & CURRENT EFFORTS TO BECOME MORE INTERNATIONAL

This essay discusses past and current thinking about the globalization of higher education (from a U.S. point of view in particular) and a new model we are attempting to develop at the University of California, Berkeley. This essay begins with a brief narrative of the historical evolution of efforts to internationalize education, from the seventeenth century to the present day, before providing a schematic outline of efforts to create new models for the global university. From its earliest beginnings in the U.S. and elsewhere, higher education embodied important global dimensions. Since then, the globalization of higher education has accelerated rapidly over the last quarter century, motivated by a quest for additional revenues (especially in the case of Anglophone universities), a desire for greater international relevance and hence prestige (for all universities, but especially in the case of European and Asian universities), and a desire to provide a foundation for a knowledge economy (especially in the case of Asian universities

Monitoring Protein−Polymer Conjugation by a Fluorogenic Cu(I)-Catalyzed Azide−Alkyne 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition\ud

The Cu(I)-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has recently proven to be a powerful synthetic tool in various fields of chemistry, including protein−polymer conjugation. In this article, we describe a fluorogenic CuAAC, which allows for efficient monitoring of protein−polymer conjugation. We show that profluorescent 3-azido coumarin-terminated polymers can be reacted with an alkyne-functionalized protein to produce a strongly fluorescent triazole-linked conjugate. Upon formation of the product, the evolution of fluorescence can accurately be determined, providing information about the course of the CuAAC. As a proof of concept, we synthesized several 3-azido coumarin terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains and investigated their conjugation with alkyne-functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. CuAAC conjugation was shown to be very efficient and proceeded rapidly. Conversion plots were constructed from measuring the fluorescence as function of reaction time. An additional benefit of the fluorogenic CuAAC is the in situ labeling of bioconjugates. We envision that the fluorogenic protein−polymer conjugation is not restricted to the reaction system reported in this work, but may also be ideal to screen for optimal reaction conditions of various other system

Biohybrid Polymer Capsules

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