Acute kidney injury and its outcome in obstetrics

Background: Acute kidney injury occurring during pregnancy, labour, delivery, and/or postpartum period. Proper management of AKI (acute kidney injury) is challenging because (i) both maternal and fetal health must be considered and (ii) the cardiovascular and renal adaptations of pregnancy add to the complexity for management.Methods: The objective of this study was to study association and contributing factors in AKI, a retrospective study of 20 cases of AKI complicating pregnancies carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology, SVPIMSR over a period of 12 months and results were studied and analysed. Etiological factors, associated liver pathology, coagulation abnormality, thrombocytopenia, sepsis, recovery status and fetomaternal outcome were studied and tabulated. AKI was analysed in terms of maximal stage of renal injury attained as per risk, injury, failure, loss of function, and end-stage renal disease (RIFLE) criteria.Results: The incidence of ARF (acute renal failure) in pregnancy was about 0.3%. Hypertensive disorders were the major causative factor. Amongst the 20 cases, 8 cases were referred from outside and two of them died. Total 5 of 20 cases required hemodialysis and two of them had partial recovery.Conclusions: AKI complicating pregnancies are not uncommon. If recognized and treated promptly, recovery is assured in majority of cases. Early identification and prompt management of pre-eclampsia and sepsis can prevent majority of cases. Ultrasonography revelation of placenta previa or abruption helps in early management eventually decreases the chances of bleeding which is one of the causes of AKI (pre-renal cause)

Morphological and optical data of AgNW embedded transparent conductive layer

In this data article, morphological and optical data of AgNW encapsulated between ITO layers are presented to get insights into our article (DOI:10.1016/j.solmat.2016.04.038; Hong-Sik Kim, Pankaj Yadav, Malkeshkumar Patel, Hyunki Kim, Kavita Pandey, Joondong Kim, 2016) [1]. SEM images for the formation of AgNWs networks by number of spin coating are also presented. SEM photographs showing the surface morphologies before and after rapid thermal treatment of prepared samples have been presented. Apart from morphological data set, optical characteristics of this type of samples are given. The comparison plots of optical reflectance from AgNW encapsulated between ITO layers and bare ITO are given between the wavelength ranges from 300 to 1100 nm. At the end, transmittance and reflectance curves of native glass substrates used in this study are presented

Study of obstetric and perinatal outcome of twin pregnancy

Background: Multifetal pregnancy constitutes a significant portion of high-risk pregnancies. This is due to the increasing obstetric and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates associated with it. Maternal and perinatal outcome of twin pregnancies has been evaluated in this study.Methods: Total 30 patients with twin pregnancy and having gestational age more than 28 weeks were included in this observational study.Results: Incidence of twins in the study was found to be 2%. Twin pregnancies were more common in multiparous women aged between 20 and 30 years. Most common foetal presentation was vertex- vertex presentation. Most common maternal complication was preterm labour seen in 67% women, followed by anaemia seen in 50% women. Most of the women were delivered by caesarean section (63.3%). Most common perinatal complication was birth hypoxia (41.6%). Other perinatal complications were jaundice, septicemia, intrauterine growth restriction. 71% of the neonates had birth weight less than 2.5 kg. Perinatal mortality was found to be 11.6%.Conclusions: Twin pregnancies are high risk pregnancies associated with higher obstetric and perinatal morbidity. Perinatal morbidity was more common for the second coming twin. Regular antenatal visits, planned delivery and better NICU facilities can help combat these complications. A team of skilled obstetricians and pediatricians along with a multidisciplinary approach is essential for the effective management of twin pregnancies

Inhibition of intestinal OATP2B1 by the calcium receptor antagonist ronacaleret results in a significant drug-drug interaction by causing a two-fold decrease in exposure of rosuvastatin

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; BCRP, human breast cancer resistance protein; Cmax, maximal plasma concentration; DDI, drug-drug interaction; MRP, multidrug resistance protein; NTCP, sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide; OAT, organic anion transporter; OATP, organic anion transporting polypeptide; P-gp, P-glycoprotein; Tmax, time to maximal plasma concentrations; t 1/2 , apparent half-life DMD #72397 4 ABSTRACT Rosuvastatin is a widely prescribed anti-hyperlipidemic which undergoes limited metabolism, but is an in vitro substrate of multiple transporters (OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP1A2, OATP2B1, NTCP, BCRP, MRP2, MRP4, OAT3). It is therefore frequently used as probe substrate in clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies to investigate transporter inhibition. While each of these transporters is believed to play a role in rosuvastatin disposition, multiple pharmacogenetic studies confirm that OATP1B1 and BCRP play an important role in vivo. Ronacaleret, a drug development candidate for treatment of osteoporosis (now terminated), was shown to inhibit OATP1B1 in vitro (IC 50 11 µM), while it did not inhibit BCRP. Since a DDI risk through inhibition of OATP1B1 could not be discharged, a clinical DDI study wa