Strategy for Increased Stability in Africa

During the 1960s, independence swept Africa like fire on the savannah. As country after country threw off the yoke of imperialism and colonialism, nationalism and self-determination rose to replace them. Many intellectuals, economists, and philosophers, in both Africa and the more developed countries, firmly believed that the continent faced a brilliant future

Vers un changement du calendrier cultural dans l’ecotone foret-savane de la Côte D’Ivoire

L’étude porte sur les pratiques agricoles paysannes de l’écotone forêt-savane de la Côte d’Ivoire sous l’effet des changements pluviométriques actuels. La caractérisation des changements agrométéorologiques entre 1937 et 2009, s’est appuyée sur les méthodes de Tyson et celle de Franquin. L’analyse des pratiques agricoles paysannes a été effectuée à partir des enquêtes de terrain, visites et observations des parcelles agricoles selon un échantillonnage non probabiliste portant sur 450  paysans de 9 villages. Les résultats ont révélé que dans le Centre de la Côte d’Ivoire (Dimbokro), le début de la grande saison des pluies a accuséun retard d’un mois tandis que la longueur de la petite saison des pluies a été réduite de deux décades. Face à ces changements, les stratégies d’adaptation paysannes sont : (i) la diversification des cultures pérennes de rente (cacaoyer, caféier, anacardier, palmier à huile et hévéa) et (ii) l’association de cultures vivrières annuelles. Concernant le calendrier agricole, l’étude a recommandé pour cette région : (i) deux périodes (Août et septembre) de nettoyage des cultures pérennes et (ii) le mois de mai pour les mises en place des cultures à tubercules et céréales au lieu du mois d’avril qui est de plus en plus déficitaire en termes de bilan hydrique.Mots clés : Calendrier agricole, changement pluviométrique, Côte d’Ivoire, écotone forêt-savane, stratégie paysanne. TOWARDSA CHANGE IN THE AGRICULTURAL CALENDAR IN THE ECOTONE FOREST-SAVANNA AREA OF COTE D’IVOIREThis paper examines the peasant farming practices in the forest-savanna ecotone of Côte d’Ivoire as influenced by the rainfall pattern change. The characterization of agrometeorological changes between 1937 and 2009 was made according to methods described by Tyson and that of Franquin. Peasant farming analysis was based on field surveys, visits and observations of agricultural parcels using a non-probability test sampling of 450 farmers from 9 villages. The results revealed that in the Centre of Côte d’Ivoire (Dimbokro), the beginning of the long rainy season  registered one month delay and the length of the short rainy season was reduced of 20 days. Faced with these changes, farmers’ adaptation  strategies were based on (i) the diversification of perennial cash crops  (cocoa, coffee, cashew, oil palm and rubber) and (ii) the mixed farmingcombining three food crops on the same plot. Regarding the agricultural calendar the study recommended for this region: (i) three field cleaning periods (August and December) for perennial crops and (ii) the month of May for tubers and cereals sowing instead of April, which is increasingly deficient in terms of water balance.Keywords : Agricultural calendar, rainfall pattern change, Côte d’Ivoire,  forest-savanna ecotone, adaptation strategies

Poliovirus vaccine shedding among persons with HIV in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire

Background. As polio eradication nears, the development of immunization policies for an era without the disease has become increasingly important. Outbreaks due to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) and rare cases of immunodeficient persons with prolonged VDPV shedding lend to the growing consensus that oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) use should be discontinued as soon after polio eradication as possible. The present study was conducted to assess whether persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience prolonged VDPV shedding and serve as a source of reintroduction of virus into the population. Methods. Adults infected with HIV had specimens tested (1) 8 months after a mass OPV campaign, to determine whether poliovirus related to OPV administered during the campaign was present (i.e., prolonged excretion), and (2) starting 7 weeks after a subsequent campaign, to determine whether poliovirus could be detected after the height of OPV exposure. Results. A total of 419 participants were enrolled-315 during the 8-12 months after an OPV campaign held in 2001 and 104 during the 7-13 weeks after a 2002 campaign. No poliovirus was isolated from any participants. Conclusions. It appears unlikely that adults infected with HIV experience prolonged vaccine virus shedding, and, therefore, they probably represent a minimal risk of reintroducing vaccine virus into the population after poliovirus has been eradicated

Peculiarity of sedimentation on the shelf of Cote D'Ivoire

The article displays information about the sedimentary basin of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, summarized in the sedimentology of the country. The factors of current sedimentation and modern sediments on the plate are shown. The main problem is considered to be little funds from the government to finance research in Côte d'Ivoire, so there is very little information. And because of the complexity of the extraction of oil resources, all the major fields in the country are carried out by international firms. Coverage of this issue is relevant due to the absence of such information in Russian, and the information in English and French does not allow to form an overall picture of the oil industry complex of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire

Peculiarity of sedimentation on the shelf of Cote D'Ivoire [Особенности осадконакопления в шельфе Кот д'Ивуара]

The article displays information about the sedimentary basin of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, summarized in the sedimentology of the country. The factors of current sedimentation and modern sediments on the plate are shown. The main problem is considered to be little funds from the government to finance research in Côte d'Ivoire, so there is very little information. And because of the complexity of the extraction of oil resources, all the major fields in the country are carried out by international firms. Coverage of this issue is relevant due to the absence of such information in Russian, and the information in English and French does not allow to form an overall picture of the oil industry complex of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. © Tyumen 2019. All rights reserved

Why U.S. Financial Markets Need a Public Credit Rating Agency

The financial crisis reveals a need for a public credit rating agency that is not in the pay of issuers, according to M. Ahmed Diomande, James Heintz, and Robert Pollin

ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НЕФТЕНОСНОСТИ ОСАДОЧНОГО БАССЕЙНА КОТ-ДЕ ИВУАР

The article provides information on the coastal part of the Ivorian sedimentary basin, presents its own results of gravitational anomalies calculations and a stratigraphic study to predict the likely detection of hydrocarbon deposits in the continental part of the sedimentary basin. Ivory Coast. Seismography allows geophysics to obtain an image of underground rock formations, which allows us to determine the likely existence of a rock and other information about it. It is believed that the main problem of organizing hydrocarbon studies on the coastal part of the sedimentary basin is the lack of knowledge of the potential that this may represent, as well as the lack of funds for research on the Ivorian shelf.Статья даёт информацию о береговой части Ивуарийского осадочного бассейна и представляет результаты комплексного стратиграфического и геофизического (гравиразведка, магниторазведка и сейсморазведка) изучения осадочных пород, перспективных на обнаружение газогидратов. Ivory Coast. Сейсморазведка позволяет получать изображение подземных горных пород, что позволяет нам определить вероятное существование формаций горных пород и другую информацию о них. Считается, что основной проблемой организации исследований углеводородов в прибрежной части осадочного бассейна является недостаток знаний о потенциале, который это может представлять, а также нехватка средств для исследований на ивуарийском шельфе