Philippine Macroeconomic Policies Affecting Households

Due to prolonged recession in developed countries and the rise in interest rates, the Philippine government has embarked on a series of stabilization and structural programs to stem the alarming rate of the country’s indebtedness. This study presents the key macroeconomic policies adopted in recent years and these affect individual households. It also discusses the mechanisms by which monetary and fiscal adjustments affect the labor market, the goods market and the government expenditures including the provision of public goods. Areas for future research are highlighted.stabilization program, MIMAP, macroeconomic adjustments

Diagnostic Categories of Incontinence and the Role of Urodynamic Testing

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111148/1/j.1532-5415.1990.tb03509.x.pd

Philippine macroeconomic policies affecting households

The Philippine economic performance in the 1980s is typical of highly indebted countries (HICs) which were caught in a bind as a result of prolonged recession in developed countries in the 1980s and the rise in real interest rates. The ability of the Philippines to increase exports was severely limited by the world economic slowdown and the tall in primary commodity prices. At the same time, its debt burden rose dramatically as real interest rates rose and funds from commercial banks dried up. Under such difficult circumstances, the Philippine government embarked on a series of stabilization and structural adjustment programs. This study discusses the key macroeconomic policies adopted in recent years and how they may affect individual households. This discussion is given in Section Ii. The mechanisms by which monetary and fiscal adjustments affect the labor market, the goods market and government expenditures including the provision of public goods are broadly discussed in Section III. In the final section, some areas for future research are discussed

Evaluating Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors for Prevalent and Incident Nocturia in Older Adults

To examine associations between nocturia and potentially modifiable risk factors in older adults. Design : Secondary analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Setting : Respondents were selected using population-based sampling, drawing from a single Michigan county in 1983. They were followed through 1990. Participants : Community-living adults aged 60 and older. Measurements : Episodes of nocturia, development of nocturia at 2 years after baseline survey, age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, drinking fluids before bedtime, amount of fluid intake before bedtime, diuretic use, and 24-hour coffee intake. All measures were self-reported. Results : Bivariate cross-sectional analysis revealed significant associations with two or more episodes of nocturia for hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.37–2.1), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.1–2.0), diuretic use (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.3–2.1), age (OR=1.05 per additional year over 60, 95% 1.03–1.06), and number of cups of coffee (OR=0.93 for each cup of coffee, 95% CI=0.89–0.97). In multivariate analysis, hypertension (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.2–1.9), diuretic use (OR=1.3, 95% 95% CI=1.0–1.7), and age (OR=1.04 per additional year over 60, 95% 1.03–1.06) were independently associated with two or more nocturia episodes per night. No baseline factors predicted future development of nocturia (save for age, in one model). Conclusion : Hypertension, older age, and diuretic use were independently associated with two or more episodes of nocturia in cross-sectional analysis. No baseline factor was related to the development of nocturia over a 2-year interval in this sample. Nighttime fluid intake and coffee intake, practices providers commonly target in patients with nocturia, were not associated with nocturia in this population-based sample of community-living older adults.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65955/1/j.1532-5415.2005.53321.x.pd

Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Women: Urodynamic Evaluation

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111142/1/j.1532-5415.1987.tb02296.x.pd

Bladder neck obstruction in women

Bladder neck obstruction in women is uncommon. It should be suspected in patients with chronic symptoms of obstruction and irritation, and with signs including bladder trabeculation, diverticula, and vesicoureteric reflux. Accurate diagnosis can be established using the simultaneous pressure-flow fluoroscopy study. A specific surgical approach to correct the bladder neck obstruction may be justified with proper urodynamic documentation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/38465/1/1930050315_ftp.pd

Bethanechol chloride in neurogenic bladder dysfunction

Representative case summaries of patients with different types of neurogenic bladder diagnosed by combined cystometric-perineal electromyography and treated with bethanechol (Urecholine) are presented. Determination of the activity of the periurethral striated muscle in relation to bladder dysfunction is extremely important in the selection of patients for bethanechol therapy. In the absence of structural obstruction, bethanechol can be used in patients with (1) the early phase of coordinated reflex neurogenic bladder and sphincter when there is incomplete bladder emptying due to feeble or unsustained detrusor contractions, (2) recovery phase of spinal shock when the periurethral striated muscle has recovered and is under voluntary control, (3) incomplete motor paralytic bladder with coordinated sphincter, and (4) sensory paralytic bladder with deeompensation. The bethanechol regimen will vary in accordance with the type of bladder being treated.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21646/1/0000030.pd

Methods Used to Manage Urinary Incontinence by Older Adults in the Community

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111237/1/j.1532-5415.1989.tb05502.x.pd