The Lane Brothers Photographic Archive: Its Provenance, Scope, and Arrangement

In August of 1985 the Special Collections Department of the William R. Pullen Library at Georgia State University (GSU) acquired a collection of photographic negatives estimated to number 150,000 images from Margaret P. Lane. Mrs. Lane\u27s late husband, Dan Lane, had been the last operator of an Atlanta commercial photography studio begun by his father in 1939. Subsequent events have shown that the acquisition of this collection was a simple matter when compared to the difficulties of arranging, describing, and providing access to such a large body of images in negative form. This article will discuss the changing role of visual images in the study of the past, give a brief history of the firm that created the images in the Lane collection, describe the scope and condition of the collection, and explain the arrangement scheme for the collection

Kompostering av det invasiva ogräset Parthenium hysterophorus L. : ett agroekologiskt perspektiv i området Alamata woreda i provinsen Tigray, Etiopien

Parthenium is a serious weed threat in crop fields and grazing lands in Ethiopia (Tamado, 2001). In this study, the perception of farmers on parthenium and composting is explored using both quantitative and qualitative methods. A seed experiment was also carried out in order to assess the effect of composting temperatures on parthenium seeds as this could be a source of spread. Interviews were carried out with farmers in Alamata woreda, south of Tigray with groups and individual farmers. Even though the perceptions differed among farmers, all farmers were aware of parthenium. In the valley where parthenium was abundant many farmers felt that it was beyond their control, and they were not as active in their weeding. There was also a difference in weeding during seasons, with less weeding done in the dry season. In the highlands where parthenium had recently arrived, farmers were confident about removing the weed and viewed it as their enemy. Composting was more common in the highlands compared to the lowlands where only model farmers composted. This was associated with farmers in the lowlands considering their soils to be fertile and the fear of compost associated disease, mitchi. In order for composting to be a possible control method, farmers need to see the benefits of composting. Current agricultural policies promote a top-down knowledge transfer. There is compulsory use of inorganic fertilisers that does not facilitate alternative practices. An agroecological approach is based on the use of several methods aiming to control parthenium in all seasons as well as making it more worthwhile to weed. Other control methods which could be useful for farmers is making silage from parthenium and planting competitive grass together with leguminous forage. This also has the potential to alleviate the lack of feed for animals in the dry season, which in part has increased due to parthenium. The introduction of biological control agents may alleviate the need for weeding in the wet season

Short Subjects: Time Management for Archivists

Practically everyone writing on the subject of time management believes that the key to good management of work time is doing the most important job now. Some managers spend much energy on low-priority jobs, leaving little or no time for the really essential ones. Beginning to regain control of work time, therefore, requires an appreciation of what Alex MacKenzie has called time wasters.l Three time wasters that are at or near the top of many lists of the most notorious--telephone use, meetings, and mail handling procedures--can be defeated using simple methods

Prediction of wrist arteriovenous fistula maturation with preoperative vein mapping with ultrasonography

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the preoperative minimal cephalic vein size in the forearm was predictive of successful wrist fistula maturation to a functional hemodialysis access. Methods: Forty-four consecutive patients underwent evaluation before surgery with ultrasound scan imaging to map the entire cephalic vein in preparation for the construction of an arteriovenous fistula at the wrist. Measurements of the vein diameter were obtained from the ultrasound scan images at eight representative sites. Patients were clinically followed to determine maturation of the fistula to provide a functional hemodialysis access. The smallest diameter of the cephalic vein then was used as a preoperative predictor of fistula maturation. Results: Successful maturation of the arteriovenous fistula was achieved in 22 of the procedures (50%). Cephalic veins with a minimal diameter of 2.0 mm or less were used for anastamosis in 19 patients (43%), and three of these procedures (16%) led to a functional access site. The remaining 25 patients (57%) had minimal cephalic vein diameters greater than 2.0 mm, producing a successful maturation in 19 of the fistula creations (76%). A significantly higher rate of successful fistula maturation in those patients with a preoperative minimal cephalic vein size greater than 2.0 mm was realized (P = .0002, χ2 test, with Yates correction for continuity). Conclusion: In patients with a minimal cephalic vein size of 2.0 mm or less, a procedure other than wrist fistula should be considered for optimization of dialysis access. (J Vasc Surg 2002;36:460-3.

Renal systems biology of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome

A systems biology approach was used to comprehensively examine the impact of renal disease and hemodialysis (HD) on patient response during critical illness. To achieve this we examined the metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome of 150 patients with critical illness, stratified by renal function. Quantification of plasma metabolites indicated greater change as renal function declined, with the greatest derangements in patients receiving chronic HD. Specifically, 6 uremic retention molecules, 17 other protein catabolites, 7 modified nucleosides, and 7 pentose phosphate sugars increased as renal function declined, consistent with decreased excretion or increased catabolism of amino acids and ribonucleotides. Similarly, the proteome showed increased levels of low-molecular weight proteins and acute phase reactants. The transcriptome revealed a broad-based decrease in mRNA levels among patients on HD. Systems integration revealed an unrecognized association between plasma RNASE1 and several RNA catabolites and modified nucleosides. Further, allantoin, N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, and n-acetylaspartate were inversely correlated with the majority of significantly down-regulated genes. Thus, renal function broadly affected the plasma metabolome, proteome, and peripheral blood transcriptome during critical illness; changes not effectively mitigated by hemodialysis. These studies allude to several novel mechanisms whereby renal dysfunction contributes to critical illness