1,005 research outputs found
Determination of the Superconductor-Insulator Phase Diagram for One-Dimensional Wires
We establish the superconductor-insulator phase diagram for quasi-one
dimensional wires by measuring a large set of MoGe nanowires. This diagram is
consistent with the Chakravarty-Schmid-Bulgadaev phase boundary, namely with
the critical resistance being equal to R_Q = h/4e^2. We find that transport
properties of insulating nanowires exhibit a weak Coulomb blockade behavior.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Food Habits of the Northern Saw-whet Owl in Central Iowa: Effects of Roost Location
During the period 1979-89, 900 northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus) pellets with identifable remains of prey were collected at 18 central Iowa locations. Peromyscus were the most frequent prey consumed, comprising 81.2% of all prey items. Other prey species were voles (Microtus), western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis), shrews (Blarina brevicauda, Sorex cinereus, and Cryptotis parva), and a single unidentified bird. Peromyscus comprised the largest proportion of pellets from different successional stages. There were significant differences for four prey groups (Peromyscus, Microtus, Reithrodontomys, and shrews) among years. Peromyscus and R. megalotis showed significant differences among locations. Microtus and shrews were variable in the diet and showed no consistent patterns
Breeding Bird Populations in Iowa, 1968-1980
A comparison of Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data in Iowa between 1968-1970 and 1978-1980 suggests that 19 species have increased in numbers and that 18 have declined over that period. Most species showing increases are associated with agricultural and grassland habitats. Most species showing decreases are associated with agricultural and edge-oldfield habitats. A variety of factors is probably responsible for these declines. BBS results are fairly consistent with the National Audubon Society\u27s Blue List - birds thought to be declining - but show little correlation with that group\u27s list of species of special concern. The BBS detected at least 68% of the birds known to breed in Iowa, although not all of those were detected each year. About the same number of species were reported from each of five regions in the years considered, although the same species were not seen in all areas. Still, 73 species reported in all five regions dominate the state\u27s avifauna. Some biases related to the species\u27 detectability and observer competence are evident in the data. Overall, BBS data do seem to be meeting their goal of providing quantitative information useful in detecting long-term changes in bird populations
Hard Spheres in Vesicles: Curvature-Induced Forces and Particle-Induced Curvature
We explore the interplay of membrane curvature and nonspecific binding due to
excluded-volume effects among colloidal particles inside lipid bilayer
vesicles. We trapped submicron spheres of two different sizes inside a
pear-shaped, multilamellar vesicle and found the larger spheres to be pinned to
the vesicle's surface and pushed in the direction of increasing curvature. A
simple model predicts that hard spheres can induce shape changes in flexible
vesicles. The results demonstrate an important relationship between the shape
of a vesicle or pore and the arrangement of particles within it.Comment: LaTeX with epsfig; ps available at
http://dept.physics.upenn.edu/~nelson/index.shtml Phys Rev Lett in press
(1997
Grain Boundary Scars and Spherical Crystallography
We describe experimental investigations of the structure of two-dimensional
spherical crystals. The crystals, formed by beads self-assembled on water
droplets in oil, serve as model systems for exploring very general theories
about the minimum energy configurations of particles with arbitrary repulsive
interactions on curved surfaces. Above a critical system size we find that
crystals develop distinctive high-angle grain boundaries, or scars, not found
in planar crystals. The number of excess defects in a scar is shown to grow
linearly with the dimensionless system size. The observed slope is expected to
be universal, independent of the microscopic potential.Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figs (high quality images available from Mark Bowick
Depletion forces near curved surfaces
Based on density functional theory the influence of curvature on the
depletion potential of a single big hard sphere immersed in a fluid of small
hard spheres with packing fraction \eta_s either inside or outside of a hard
spherical cavity of radius R_c is calculated. The relevant features of this
potential are analyzed as function of \eta_s and R_c. There is a very slow
convergence towards the flat wall limit R_c \to \infty. Our results allow us to
discuss the strength of depletion forces acting near membranes both in normal
and lateral directions and to make contact with recent experimental results
Forced motion of a probe particle near the colloidal glass transition
We use confocal microscopy to study the motion of a magnetic bead in a dense
colloidal suspension, near the colloidal glass transition volume fraction
. For dense liquid-like samples near , below a threshold force
the magnetic bead exhibits only localized caged motion. Above this force, the
bead is pulled with a fluctuating velocity. The relationship between force and
velocity becomes increasingly nonlinear as is approached. The
threshold force and nonlinear drag force vary strongly with the volume
fraction, while the velocity fluctuations do not change near the transition.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures revised version, accepted for publication in
Europhysics Letter
- …