The Effect of Awareness on the Behavior of Advertisement on Social Network Basis for Cosmetic Products Line

The study examines the factors affecting the perception and interaction behavior with advertising cosmetic products. The authors used SPSS and Smart PLS software to conduct statistics and analyze survey results. The results of data analysis show that there are 5 factors that directly affect the perception of avoidance: Health concerns; Doubts about advertising intermediaries; Privacy concerns; Information value; Obstructing cognitive goals. The factor that directly affects Avoidant Behavior is Perception of avoidance, there are 5 factors that indirectly affect Avoidant Behavior: Health concerns; Doubts about advertising intermediaries; Privacy concerns; Information value; Obstructing cognitive goals. At the same time, the research also shows that negative experiences do not affect the impact process from Avoidant Perception to Avoidant Behavior. This study has important practical elements for businesses, managers and even social network users in reducing users' awareness and avoidance of advertising

Study, Design and Construction of an Early Warning Environmental Radiation Monitoring Station

We report on the design and construction of an Early Warning Environmental Radiation Monitoring Station (EWERMS), used ONLINE in the environmental radiation monitoring and early warning network. It has a  high sensitivity and can send a prompt alarm signal via Internet to the emergency management office. It includes four gamma probes: one NaI(Tl) and three Geiger Mueller (GM) detectors. The NaI(TL) detector is used to monitor spectrum environmental radiation and measure the isotopic composition, the GM detectors are used to detect and measure high gamma ray rates. The instrument has been designed to be used outdoor and tolerate large and rapid temperature variations. The photomultiplier tubes (PMT), amplifiers and Analog To Digital (ADC) gains are stabilized using pulsed LEDs as precision reference light sources

HIV-Associated TB in An Giang Province, Vietnam, 2001–2004: Epidemiology and TB Treatment Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Mortality is high in HIV-infected TB patients, but few studies from Southeast Asia have documented the benefits of interventions, such as co-trimoxazole (CTX), in reducing mortality during TB treatment. To help guide policy in Vietnam, we studied the epidemiology of HIV-associated TB in one province and examined factors associated with outcomes, including the impact of CTX use. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We retrospectively abstracted data for all HIV-infected persons diagnosed with TB from 2001-2004 in An Giang, a province in southern Vietnam in which TB patients receive HIV counseling and testing. We used standard WHO definitions to classify TB treatment outcomes. We conducted multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for the composite outcome of death, default, or treatment failure during TB treatment. From 2001-2004, 637 HIV-infected TB patients were diagnosed in An Giang. Of these, 501 (79%) were male, 321 (50%) were aged 25-34 years, and the most common self-reported HIV risk factor was sex with a commercial sex worker in 221 (35%). TB was classified as smear-positive in 531 (83%). During TB treatment, 167 (26%) patients died, 9 (1%) defaulted, and 6 (1%) failed treatment. Of 454 patients who took CTX, 116 (26%) had an unsuccessful outcome compared with 33 (70%) of 47 patients who did not take CTX (relative risk, 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-0.5). Adjusting for male sex, rural residence, TB smear status and disease location, and the occurrence of adverse events during TB treatment in multivariate analysis, the benefit of CTX persisted (adjusted odds ratio for unsuccessful outcome 0.1; CI, 0.1-0.3). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In An Giang, Vietnam, HIV-associated TB was associated with poor TB treatment outcomes. Outcomes were significantly better in those taking CTX. This finding suggests that Vietnam should consider applying WHO recommendations to prescribe CTX to all HIV-infected TB patients

Farmer participatory research in cassava soil management and varietal dissemination in Vietnam: Results of phase 1 and plans for phase 2 of the Nippon Foundation project

Farmer participatory research (FPR) in Vietnam has been carried out since 1994 as part of the Nippon Foundation project. This is a collaborative project between Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TNUAF), the National Institute for Soils and Fertilizers (NISF) and the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). The objective of the project is to enhance the adoption of soil conservation practices and improved cultural techniques in cassava fields. Two villages in Pho Yen district, Thai Nguyen province, one in Thanh Ba district, Phu Tho province, and one in Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province, were selected as pilot sites for implementing the FPR methodology in phase 1 (1994-1998). By using RRA and PRA methods in conducting the participatory diagnosis some limiting factors in cassava production were identified. Demonstration plots with 16 treatments on different ways to improve soil fertility and methods to control soil erosion were also established at Thai Nguyen University.\ Based on the results of the RRA and discussion, farmers selected four technical options, i.e. the use of contour hedgerows to control soil erosion, intercropping, application of fertilizers and new varieties, to test in FPR trials on their own fields. Result of the FPR trials on farmers fields indicate that the combination of intercropping with peanut, planting of contour hedgerows of vetiver grass or Tephrosia candida, and the use of a well-balanced NPK application were considered as the most promising practices at both pilot sites; these practices not only increased farmers’ income but also reduced soil erosion by 20-40% in comparison with the check plot of monocropping and without hedgerows. The results of the FPR trials were evaluated each year by the farmers during the field days at time of harvest and were used to plan the trials for the next year. After four years of research, farmers have adopted the application of balanced NPK fertilizers and some are establishing contour hedgerows of Tephrosia candida or vetiver grass. However, the widespread adoption of new cassava varieties by the farmers was the best result of the first phase of the project. New cassava varieties, such as KM60, KM94, KM95-3, and KM98-7, are now planted extensively, not only by farmers that participated in the research program but also by other farmers. FPR is the best method to develop and transfer technologies with farmers. The number of farmers that wanted to participate increased from 1994 to 1998, indicating the effectiveness of the participatory research approach. The main objectives in the second phase are: - To develop new and innovative FPR methodologies by using various methods of participatory research at about 20 pilot sites in Vietnam, in order to overcome constraints identified at the farm level. -To disseminate new technologies that increase income and help to conserve soil productivity, identified by farmers, to at least 3000 other cassava farmers. -To build and strengthen the capacity of researchers, extensionists and cassava farmers in using participatory approaches for self-development

Farmer participatory research in cassava soil management and varietal dissemination in Vietnam

Farmer Participatory Research (FPR) in Vietnam has been carried out since 1994 in collaboration with CIAT, with the objective of improving the adoption of soil conservation practices in cassava fields. Two villages in Pho Yen district, Bac Thai province; one in Thanh Hoa district, Vinh Phu province; and one in Luong Son district of Hoa Binh province were selected as pilot sites for implementing the FPR methodology. In 1994: By using RRA and PRA methods in conducting diagnostic surveys, some main limiting factors in cassava production were identified, such as lack of suitable planting methods for soil erosion control and lack of knowledge about balanced fertilizer application and about high yielding varieties. Therefore, demonstration plot with 17 treatments on different ways to improve soil fertility and methods to control soil erosion, were established at the Agro-forestry College in Thai Ngyen, Bac Thai. Farmers' field days were held to show the demonstration plots to farmers and extensionists from two of the selected districts in mid Nov, 1994. Based on the results and discussion, seven treatments were identified by farmers as promising treatments for 1995. Farmers also discussed how to arrange these in simple FPR trials in their own fields. In 1995: Twenty five farmers of two villages in Pho Yen and ten farmers in Thanh Hoa districts participated in the project by conducting research on their own fields. At time of harvest, a farmers field day was held in both districts in mid Nov, 1995. Fanners and researchers joined in the harvest and in the discussion of the results. Some best treatments were identified. The treatments of cassava intercropped with peanut and contour hedgerows of vetiver grass, combined with balanced NPK application, was considered as the most promising practice at both pilot sites, as soil erosion losses were reduced by 20-40% compared to the check plot of cassava grown in monoculture and without hedgerows. In Pho Yen district, cassava yields in this treatment were about the same as the check plot, but net income increased 9-36%. In Thanh Hoa, cassava yields increased about 9% compared to the check plot, while net income increased by 23%. In this location cassava intercropped with peanut increased net income from 131 to 273% over cassava monoculture. Farmers who tested new promising clones considered KM60 and CM4995-7 as the most suitable for their conditions; these clones increased yields from 1 .7 to 4. 1 t/ha over the check variety Vinh Phu. These initial results are encouraging more and more farmers to participate in the FPR trials. The number of farmers participating in 1996 increased and some of them can conduct the trials now by themselves

Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Degradation of Remazol Black B Dye

In the present paper, the synthesis of metal-organic framework MIL-101 and its application in the photocatalytic degradation of Remazol Black B (RBB) dye have been demonstrated. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K. It was found that MIL-101 synthesized under optimal conditions exhibited high crystallinity and specific surface area (3360 m2·g-1). The obtained MIL-101 possessed high stability in water for 14 days and several solvents (benzene, ethanol, and water at boiling temperature). Its catalytic activities were evaluated by measuring the degradation of RBB in an aqueous solution under UV radiation. The findings show that MIL-101 was a heterogeneous photocatalyst in the degradation reaction of RBB. The mechanism of photocatalysis was considered to be achieved by the electron transfer from photoexcited organic ligands to metallic clusters in MIL-101. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation reaction were analyzed by using the initial rate method and Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The MIL-101 photocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic recyclability and stability and can be a potential catalyst for the treatment of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions