189 research outputs found
Scattering of massive Dirac fields on the Schwarzschild black hole spacetime
With a generally covariant equation of Dirac fields outside a black hole, we
develop a scattering theory for massive Dirac fields. The existence of modified
wave operators at infinity is shown by implementing a time-dependent
logarithmic phase shift from the free dynamics to offset a long-range mass
term. The phase shift we obtain is a matrix operator due to the existence of
both positive and negative energy wave components.Comment: LaTex, 17 page
Quantum Field Theory: Where We Are
We comment on the present status, the concepts and their limitations, and the
successes and open problems of the various approaches to a relativistic quantum
theory of elementary particles, with a hindsight to questions concerning
quantum gravity and string theory.Comment: To appear in: An Assessment of Current Paradigms in the Physics of
Fundamental Phenomena, to be published by Springer Verlag (2006
A Many-body Problem with Point Interactions on Two Dimensional Manifolds
A non-perturbative renormalization of a many-body problem, where
non-relativistic bosons living on a two dimensional Riemannian manifold
interact with each other via the two-body Dirac delta potential, is given by
the help of the heat kernel defined on the manifold. After this renormalization
procedure, the resolvent becomes a well-defined operator expressed in terms of
an operator (called principal operator) which includes all the information
about the spectrum. Then, the ground state energy is found in the mean field
approximation and we prove that it grows exponentially with the number of
bosons. The renormalization group equation (or Callan-Symanzik equation) for
the principal operator of the model is derived and the function is
exactly calculated for the general case, which includes all particle numbers.Comment: 28 pages; typos are corrected, three figures are adde
A geometrical origin for the covariant entropy bound
Causal diamond-shaped subsets of space-time are naturally associated with
operator algebras in quantum field theory, and they are also related to the
Bousso covariant entropy bound. In this work we argue that the net of these
causal sets to which are assigned the local operator algebras of quantum
theories should be taken to be non orthomodular if there is some lowest scale
for the description of space-time as a manifold. This geometry can be related
to a reduction in the degrees of freedom of the holographic type under certain
natural conditions for the local algebras. A non orthomodular net of causal
sets that implements the cutoff in a covariant manner is constructed. It gives
an explanation, in a simple example, of the non positive expansion condition
for light-sheet selection in the covariant entropy bound. It also suggests a
different covariant formulation of entropy bound.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, final versio
Dirac field on Moyal-Minkowski spacetime and non-commutative potential scattering
The quantized free Dirac field is considered on Minkowski spacetime (of
general dimension). The Dirac field is coupled to an external scalar potential
whose support is finite in time and which acts by a Moyal-deformed
multiplication with respect to the spatial variables. The Moyal-deformed
multiplication corresponds to the product of the algebra of a Moyal plane
described in the setting of spectral geometry. It will be explained how this
leads to an interpretation of the Dirac field as a quantum field theory on
Moyal-deformed Minkowski spacetime (with commutative time) in a setting of
Lorentzian spectral geometries of which some basic aspects will be sketched.
The scattering transformation will be shown to be unitarily implementable in
the canonical vacuum representation of the Dirac field. Furthermore, it will be
indicated how the functional derivatives of the ensuing unitary scattering
operators with respect to the strength of the non-commutative potential induce,
in the spirit of Bogoliubov's formula, quantum field operators (corresponding
to observables) depending on the elements of the non-commutative algebra of
Moyal-Minkowski spacetime.Comment: 60 pages, 1 figur
A gauge model for quantum mechanics on a stratified space
In the Hamiltonian approach on a single spatial plaquette, we construct a
quantum (lattice) gauge theory which incorporates the classical singularities.
The reduced phase space is a stratified K\"ahler space, and we make explicit
the requisite singular holomorphic quantization procedure on this space. On the
quantum level, this procedure furnishes a costratified Hilbert space, that is,
a Hilbert space together with a system which consists of the subspaces
associated with the strata of the reduced phase space and of the corresponding
orthoprojectors. The costratified Hilbert space structure reflects the
stratification of the reduced phase space. For the special case where the
structure group is , we discuss the tunneling probabilities
between the strata, determine the energy eigenstates and study the
corresponding expectation values of the orthoprojectors onto the subspaces
associated with the strata in the strong and weak coupling approximations.Comment: 38 pages, 9 figures. Changes: comments on the heat kernel and
coherent states have been adde
Optimal designs for rational function regression
We consider optimal non-sequential designs for a large class of (linear and
nonlinear) regression models involving polynomials and rational functions with
heteroscedastic noise also given by a polynomial or rational weight function.
The proposed method treats D-, E-, A-, and -optimal designs in a
unified manner, and generates a polynomial whose zeros are the support points
of the optimal approximate design, generalizing a number of previously known
results of the same flavor. The method is based on a mathematical optimization
model that can incorporate various criteria of optimality and can be solved
efficiently by well established numerical optimization methods. In contrast to
previous optimization-based methods proposed for similar design problems, it
also has theoretical guarantee of its algorithmic efficiency; in fact, the
running times of all numerical examples considered in the paper are negligible.
The stability of the method is demonstrated in an example involving high degree
polynomials. After discussing linear models, applications for finding locally
optimal designs for nonlinear regression models involving rational functions
are presented, then extensions to robust regression designs, and trigonometric
regression are shown. As a corollary, an upper bound on the size of the support
set of the minimally-supported optimal designs is also found. The method is of
considerable practical importance, with the potential for instance to impact
design software development. Further study of the optimality conditions of the
main optimization model might also yield new theoretical insights.Comment: 25 pages. Previous version updated with more details in the theory
and additional example
A Rigorous Geometric Derivation of the Chiral Anomaly in Curved Backgrounds
We discuss the chiral anomaly for a Weyl field in a curved background and show that a novel index theorem for the Lorentzian Dirac operator can be applied to describe the gravitational chiral anomaly. A formula for the total charge generated by the gravitational and gauge field background is derived directly in Lorentzian signature and in a mathematically rigorous manner. It contains a term identical to the integrand in the Atiyah–Singer index theorem and another term involving the η -invariant of the Cauchy hypersurfaces
The Asymptotic Safety Scenario in Quantum Gravity -- An Introduction
The asymptotic safety scenario in quantum gravity is reviewed, according to
which a renormalizable quantum theory of the gravitational field is feasible
which reconciles asymptotically safe couplings with unitarity. All presently
known evidence is surveyed: (a) from the 2+\eps expansion, (b) from the
perturbation theory of higher derivative gravity theories and a `large N'
expansion in the number of matter fields, (c) from the 2-Killing vector
reduction, and (d) from truncated flow equations for the effective average
action. Special emphasis is given to the role of perturbation theory as a guide
to `asymptotic safety'. Further it is argued that as a consequence of the
scenario the selfinteractions appear two-dimensional in the extreme
ultraviolet. Two appendices discuss the distinct roles of the ultraviolet
renormalization in perturbation theory and in the flow equation formalism.Comment: 77p, 1 figure; v2: revised and updated; discussion of perturbation
theory in higher derivative theories extended. To appear as topical review in
CQ
A critical look at 50 years particle theory from the perspective of the crossing property
The crossing property is perhaps the most subtle aspect of the particle-field
relation. Although it is not difficult to state its content in terms of certain
analytic properties relating different matrixelements of the S-matrix or
formfactors, its relation to the localization- and positive energy spectral
principles requires a level of insight into the inner workings of QFT which
goes beyond anything which can be found in typical textbooks on QFT. This paper
presents a recent account based on new ideas derived from "modular
localization" including a mathematic appendix on this subject. Its main novel
achievement is the proof of the crossing property of formfactors from a
two-algebra generalization of the KMS condition. The main content of this
article is the presentation of the derailments of particle theory during more
than 4 decades: the S-matrix bootstrap, the dual model and its string theoretic
extension. Rather than being related to crossing, string theory is the (only
known) realization of a dynamic infinite component one-particle wave function
space and its associated infinite component field. Here "dynamic" means that,
unlike a mere collection of infinitely many irreducible unitary Poincar\'e
group representation or free fields, the formalism contains also operators
which communicate between the different irreducible Poincar\'e represenations
(the levels of the "infinite tower") and set the mass/spin spectrum. Wheras in
pre-string times there were unsuccessful attempts to achieve this in analogy to
the O(4,2) hydrogen spectrum by the use of higher noncompact groups, the
superstring in d=9+1, which uses instead (bosonic/fermionic) oscillators
obtained from multicomponent chiral currents is the only known unitary positive
energy solution of the dynamical infinite component pointlike localized field
project.Comment: 66 pages, addition of new results, addition of references, will
appear in this form in Foundations of Physic
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