Services Trade in Developing Asia:A Case Study of the Banking and Insurance Sector in Nepal

This study reviews the development of the banking and insurance sectors in Nepal and the effect of reforms and commitments linked to these sectors since the 1980s, when financial sector liberalization in Nepal began with deregulation of the interest rate structure and opening of the banking sector to foreign investors.Service Trade, Nepal

Banking and Insurance Services Liberalization and Development in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Malaysia: A Comparative Analysis

This paper draws from three country case studies of the liberalization and development of the banking and insurance service sectors in Bangladesh, Nepal and Malaysia undertaken as part of an ARTNeT regional study on trade in services led by the author.Service Trade, Bangladesh,Nepal, Malaysia

Services Trade in Developing Asia: A Case Study of the Banking and Insurance Sector in Bangladesh

This study assesses the strengths and weaknesses of reforms in the banking and insurance industries. Banking sector performance is analysed using various indicators as well as Principle Component Analysis techniques. A comparative case study of three banks with different ownership structures is presented. The study concludes with important conclusions and policy implications for future reforms based on the findings.Service Trade, Bangladesh

Trade and investment linkages and coordination in Nepal: Impact on productivity and exports and business perceptions

This research paper intends to analyse: (a) the impacts of ASEAN trade liberalization on the macroeconomy variables – gross domestic product (GDP), Terms of Trade (ToT), balance of trade, inflation and real wage – and agricultural industries (output, exports and imports) in the ASEAN 6 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, and Viet Nam); and (b) the impact of trade liberalization on income distribution in Indonesia. A multi-country and multi-commodity computable general equilibrium (CGE) GTAP model has been used as the main tool of analysis.Trade and Investment, Nepal, Impact on productivity

The diversity of labor market institutions and entrepreneurship

Substantial literature demonstrates that flexible labor market institutions promote entrepreneurial activity. We re-evaluate this finding by considering the complementarity between institutions as advocated by the varieties of capitalism literature. We study the relevance of labor market regulations, wage-setting institutions and social security, and their complementarity for different types of entrepreneurial activity in 19 European countries and the USA. Two findings stand out. First, the four distinct bundles of labor market institutions characterizing Europe support different forms of entrepreneurial activity, and that innovative entrepreneurial activity also exists in less-flexible and -regulated labor market arrangements. Second, the relationships between single labor market institutions and entrepreneurial activity vary across the four institutional constellations. Therefore, to promote entrepreneurship in Europe, there is a need for tailored reform strategies that consider the diversity of the institutional constellations

Wearable Biosensor: How to improve the efficacy in data transmission in respiratory monitoring system?

Respiratory rate measurement is important under different types of health issues. The need for technological developments for measuring respiratory rate has become imperative for healthcare professionals. The paper presents an approach to respiratory monitoring, with the aim to improve the accuracy and efficacy of the data monitored. We use multiple types of sensors on various locations on the body to continuously transmit real-time data, which is  rocessed to calculate the respiration rate. Variations in the respiration rate will help us identify the current health condition of the patient also for diagnosis and further medical treatment. The software tools such as Keil μVision IDE, Mbed Studio IDE, Energia IDE are used to compile and build the system architecture and display information. EasyEDA is used to provide pin map details and complete architecture information

How Himalayan Dwellers Rely on Common-Pool Resources (CPRs) for Livelihood? Mustang, Trans-Himalayan Nepal

This article focuses on how a mountain community in Mustang of Trans-Himalayan Region of North-Western Nepal relies on availability of and accessibility to Common-Pool Resources CPRs such as forest water and pastureland for making a living Most of the villagers livelihoods earning sources directly or indirectly rely on the agricultural productions and the livestock rearing which are not possible without extracting resources from CPRs Analyzing through qualitative epistemological perspective of CPRs theories required information has been collected during April - June 2007 and during October - November 2008 Household survey Key Informant Interview and Observation were the main techniques for data collection It is impossible to produce crops in Mustang in such climatic semi-arid and geographic condition without using CPRs Likewise being an unavoidable component of livelihood pursuits and to support the agriculture activities of the villagers livestock also relies on the availability of and the accessibility to pastureland fodder and water Moreover both activities also depend on each other Some villagers main source of cash income is from selling firewood fodder and grass which definitely need an access to the CPRs Because of such necessity of CPRs for livelihood villagers have well developed local institution to distribute the resources equitably since the historic pas

VACTERL (vertebral anomalies, anal atresia or imperforate anus, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal and limb defect) spectrum presenting with portal hypertension: a case report

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.Abstract Introduction We report for the first time a unique case of VACTERL (vertebral anomalies, anal atresia or imperforate anus, cardiac anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal and limb defect) spectrum associated with portal hypertension. The occurrence of both VACTERL spectrum and extrahepatic portal hypertension in a patient has not been reported in the literature. We examined whether or not there was any association between extrahepatic portal hypertension and VACTERL spectrum. Case Presentation A two-and-half-year-old Caucasian girl with VACTERL spectrum presented with hematemesis and abdominal distension. She had caput medusae, ascites, splenomegaly, gastric and esophageal varices. Her liver function tests were within normal limits. Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver with contrast showed a thready portal vein with collateral vessels involving both right and left portal veins without intrahepatic duct dilation. Conclusion A thready portal vein, with features of extrahepatic portal hypertension, is a rare non- VACTERL-type defect in patients with VACTERL spectrum. Understandably, clinicians should give low priority to looking for portal hypertension in VACTERL spectrum patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding. However before routinely looking for a thready portal vein and/or extrahepatic portal hypertension in asymptomatic VACTERL spectrum patients, we need further evidence to support this rare association.Published versio

Rules of origin in GSP schemes and their impact on Nepal’s exports: a case study of tea, carpets, pashmina and handicrafts products

The objective of this study is to find out how preferential rules of origin are applied to Nepalese exports and examine the effects of rules of origin criteria in augmenting carpet, pashmina, handicrafts and tea exports from Nepal to the EU, Japan and the USA under duty free quota free (DFQF) facilities, a special category of preferential non-reciprocal trade treatment granted to least developed countries (LDCs). For implementation of these facilities, so-called “preferential” rules of origin are used.Rule of origian, GSP, Nepal's exports

A Novel Communication Pathway Metric Evaluation using Throughput and Energy Improvements over Wireless Sensor Networks

Lifetime connectivity and low power consumption are two requirements for WSNs. Additionally, increasing WSN commercialization, application monitoring for higher QoS. Maintaining the improvement of the wireless sensor networks effectiveness requires the establishment of the energy-efficient and consistent connection. In order to increase the efficiency of routing algorithms in latest technology assisted WSNs, a novel method is developed. The gadgets with the lowest power consumption are carefully selected for the appropriate use and carefully managed. The goal of this research is to develop low-power routing algorithms for use in WSNs. Numerous sectors, including the military, the medical profession, surveillance of observing, public transportation sectors etc., can benefit from wireless sensor networks deployed with a large number of mobile nodes in a communications system. To examine data from nodes that are freely moving about the zone, we developed and simulated a wireless network system based on the Distributed Internet of Things. The proposed method of Intelligent Route Metric Analyzer (IRMA) improves upon the efficiency of the standard algorithm with regards to energy consumption. In addition, the ground wireless sensing design's ideal trajectory is identified using a realistic tempering approach. In the end, this concept is compared to similar ones like AODV and the findings reveal that it performs better with regard to of energy consumption, delay and other important metrics. According to the paper we analyzed, the primary objective was to devise a routing method that would sustain network operation for as long as feasible by decreasing the energy needed for different operations at each individual sensor node while keeping the total energy consumption of the nodes constant over their lifetimes. Finally, the study makes a contribution to the ongoing discussion of the difficulties in developing a routing protocol for WSN, taking into account the interdependency of different network factors. Median throughput, median network latency, and standardized route load are only few of the efficiency metrics addressed in this article