Comparison of psychopathology in the mothers of autistic and mentally retarded children.

The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety, depression, alexithymia, and general psychological symptoms in the mothers of autistic children in comparison with those in the mothers of mentally retarded children. Forty mothers of autistic children and 38 mothers of mentally retarded children were included in the study. After a clinical interview, psychometric tests were performed for depression, anxiety, alexithymia, and Symptom Distress Check List (SCL-90) for general psychological symptoms. Non-depression rates was 27.5% in the mothers of autistic children whereas the rate was 55.3% in the mothers of mentally retarded children. There was no difference regarding anxiety and alexithymia between the two groups. The psychopathology in the mothers of autistic children was more frequent than in those of mentally retarded children in all sub-scales of SCL-90 (somatization obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger-hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid thought, psychotism, and extra scale). The mothers of autistic children experienced more psychological distress than those of mentally retarded children. Our findings indicates that the assessment of autistic and mentally retarded children should include psychological assessment of their mothers

Neural Correlates of Treatment in Adolescents with Bipolar Depression During Response Inhibition

Abstract Objective: Abnormal prefrontal and subcortical activity during cognitive control tasks is identified in non-depressed adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD); however, little is known about the neural correlates of bipolar adolescents in a depressed state (BDd). We aimed to investigate baseline versus after-treatment patterns of neural activity underlying motor response and response inhibition in adolescents with BDd. Methods: In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, 10 adolescents with BDd relative to 10 age-and sexmatched healthy controls (HC) completed a well-validated go/no go block-design cognitive control task at baseline and after 6 weeks of naturalistic treatment. We used whole-brain analysis and controlled our results for multiple comparisons. Results: There was significant improvement in depression scores (mean change: 57% -28). There was no behavioral difference in BDd baseline versus HC and after treatment. BDd adolescents relative to HC had higher baseline cortical, but not subcortical, neural activity (e.g., bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal during both the go [motor control] and the no go [response inhibition] conditions, and left superior temporal during the no go condition). However, after-treatment activity relative to baseline neural activity during response inhibition was significantly increased in subcortical (e.g., right hippocampus and left thalamus), but not cortical, regions. In addition, at baseline, lower left thalamus activity was correlated with higher depression scores. Conclusions: Adolescents with BDd had baseline prefrontal and temporal hyperactivity underlying motor control and response inhibition that did not change after treatment in contrast to relatively decreased baseline subcortical activity underlying response inhibition associated with the depressive state that was increased after the treatment

Obsesif kompulsif bozukluğu olan çocuk ve ergenlerde ''Paraksetin'' in güvenirliği ve etkinliği: Açık bir çalışma

TEZ3104Tez (Uzmanlık) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1999.Kaynakça (s. 104-118) var.ix, 132 s. ; 30 cm.

A new approach in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Guanfacine

Psikostimulanlar dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) tedavisinde kullanılan önemli araçlardır, ancak bazı sınırlamaları vardır, a-2 noradrenerjik agonist olan klonid-inin DEHB olan aşırı aktif, karşıt olma ve agresyon gösteren hastalarda etkin olduğu bil¬dirilmiştir. Guanfasin a-2 noradrenerjik bir agonisttir ve klonidine göre çok önemli üs¬tünlükleri vardır. Guanfasin klonidine göre daha seçici olarak reseptörlere bağlanır ve daha uzun yarı ömrü vardır; daha az sedatif ve htpotanstftir. Bu yazıda Guanfasinin bi¬liş ve aktivite üzerindeki etkileri gözden geçirilmiştir. Çok hafif bir sedasyon yapmasına karşın, davranış üzerindeki sakinleştirici ve engellenme eşiğini yükseltici etkisiyle guan¬fasin; en çok aşırı uyarılmış, huzursuz ve hiperaktif çocuklarda etkili gibi görünmektedir.The psychostimulants are used in the treatment of ADHD, but have some limitations. Clonidine which is an a-2 noradrenergic agonist has been reported to be effective in the treatment of highly active, oppositional and aggressive patients with ADHD. Guanfacine is an a-2 noradrenergic agonist and has several significant advantages over clonidine. Guanfacine has a more selective reseptor-binding profile, has a longer excretion half life and is less sedating and less hypotensive than clonidine. In this paper the effect of guanfacine in cognition and activity is reviewed. The behavioral effects of calming and improved frustration tolerance with guanfacine-occuring at the expense of the slight sedation-appear most beneficial in highly aroused, Irritable, hyperactive children

Pediatric Bipolar Disorders: From the Perspective of Turkey

Introduction: In Turkey, there is much controversy and skepticism about the existence of mania in children and adolescents, and a paucity of rigorous data. Despite ongoing controversy, the view that pediatric Bipolar Disorder(BD) is rare or non-existent has been increasingly challenged not only by case reports but also by systematic research. Methods: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria are usually employed in these research studies and case reports and it was strongly suggested that pediatric BD may not be rare but that it may be difficult to diagnose. Results: In concordance with the current literature, euphoric mood and episodic course is rare in Turkish children and adolescents and the affective phenomenology is often mixed and dysphoric, with affective storms and temper outbursts. Comorbidity (especially with ADHD) is a big issue in accurate diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: There are promising treatment studies, but we need more studies in both prepubertal children and adolescents about phenomenology, etiology, and treatment of this important condition

Cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of panic disorder: A case report

Panik bozukluğu kendiliğinden ortaya çıkan, beklenmedik panik atakların olması ile kendini gösteren bir bozukluktur. Panik bozukluk sağaltımında psikoterapötik ve farmakoterapötik yaklaşımlar uygulanabilmektedir. Panik atağın kısa dönem sağaltımında bilişsel-davranışçı uygulamalarla farmakoterapi uygulamasının benzer sonuçlar verdiği bildirilmiştir. Ancak uzun dönem etkinliklerinin ne olduğu henüz netleşmemiştir. Bu yazıda bilişsel-davranışçı terapinin ve farmakoterapinin birlikte uygulandığı ve üç yıl boyunca izlenen panik bozukluğu olan bir olgu aktarılacaktır. Bu olgu temelinde bilişsel-davranışçı terapinin ile birlikte farmakoterapi uygulamasının panik bozukluktaki kullanımı olgu örneğinde formüle edilmeye çalışılacak ve sağaltım tartışılacaktır.Panic disorder is characterized by spontaneous and unexpected panic attacks. Psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic interventions can be used in the treatment of panic disorder. Cognitive-behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapeutic interventions are reported to have similar effects in short term treatment. Nevertheless their long term effects haven't been clearly defined . This article reports acase with panic disorder, to whom combined cognitive-behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions used and have been followed up for three years. On the basis of this case, cognitive-behavioral therapy .in panic disorder with combined pharmacotherapy will be formulated and outcome of this treatment strategy will be discussed