8 research outputs found
Deficient testosterone levels in men above 45 years with major depressive disorder - an age-matched case control study
Background. Symptoms of partial androgen deficiency in ageing men (PADAM) overlap considerably with those of major depressive disorder. The relationship between these conditions is complicated by the usual age-related decline in serum testosterone concentrations.
Objectives. To test the hypothesis that depressed men above 45 years of age have lower serum testosterone concentrations than age-matched controls.
Method. Serum testosterone fractions of 20 men above the age of 45 years suffering from a major depressive disorder were compared with those of 20 healthy men. An age-matched controlled design was used to account for the usual age-related decline in serum testosterone concentrations.
Results. Testosterone concentrations of men suffering from a major depressive disorder were statistically significantly lower than those of an age-matched control group without depression. Conclusion. The role of testosterone deficiency in depressed men needs to be examined further in order for appropriate treatment options to be developed
13th National Congress of the South African Society of Psychiatrists, 20-23 September 2004
List of abstacts and authors:
1. Integrating the art and science of psychiatry
Eugene Allers
2. Chronic pain as a predictor of outcome in an inpatient Psychiatric population
Eugene Allers and Gerhard Grundling
3. Recent advances in social phobia
Christer Allgulander
4. Clinical management of patients with anxiety disorders
Christer Allgulander
5. Do elephants suffer from Schizophrenia? (Or do the Schizophrenias represent a disorder of self consciousness?) A Southern African perspective
Sean Exner Baumann
6. Long term maintenance treatment of Bipolar Disorder: Preventing relapse
Charles L. Bowden
7. Predictors of response to treatments for Bipolar Disorder
Charles L. Bowden
8. Aids/HIV knowledge and high risk behaviour: A Geo-graphical comparison in a schizophrenia population
P Buckley, S van Vuuren, L Koen, J E Muller, C Seller, H Lategan, D J H Niehaus
9. Does Marijuana make you go mad?
David J Castle
10. Understanding and management of Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia
David J Castle
11. Workshop on research and publishing
David J Castle
12. From victim to victor: Without a self-help book
Beatrix Jacqueline Coetzee
13. The evaluation of the Gender Dysphoric patient
Franco Colin
14. Dissociation: A South African model
A M Dikobe, C K Mataboge, L M Motlana, B F Sokudela, C Kruger
15. Designated smoking rooms...and other "Secret sins" of psychiatry: Tobacco cessation approaches in the severely mentally ill
Charl Els
16. Dual diagnosis: Implications for treatment and prognosis
Charl Els
17. Body weight, glucose metabolism and the new generation antipsychotics
Robin Emsley
18. Neurological abnormalities in first episode Schizophrenia: Temporal stability and clinical and outcome correlates
Robin Emsley, H Jadri Turner, Piet P Oosthuizen, Jonathan Carr
19. Mythology of depressive illnesses among Africans
Senathi Fisha
20. Substance use and High school dropout
Alan J. Flisher, Lorraine Townsend, Perpetual Chikobvu, Carl Lombard, Gary King
21. Psychosis and Psychotic disorders
A EÂ Gangat
22. Vulnerability of individuals in a family system to develop a psychiatric disorder
Gerhard Grundling and Eugene Allers
23. What does it Uberhaupt mean to "Integrate"?
JĂŒrgen Harms
24. Research issues in South African child and adolescent psychiatry
S M Hawkridge
25. New religious movements and psychiatry: The Good News
V H Hitzeroth
26. The pregnant heroin addict: Integrating theory and practice in the development and provision of a service for this client group
V H Hitzeroth, L Kramer
27. Autism spectrum disorder
Erick Hollander
28. Recent advances and management in treatment resistance
Eric Hollander
29. Bipolar mixed states
M. Leigh Janet
30. Profile of acute psychiatric inpatients tested for HIV - Helen Jospeh Hospital, Johannesburg
A B R Janse van Rensburg
31. ADHD - Using the art of film-making as an education medium
Shabeer Ahmed Jeeva
32. Treatment of adult ADHD co-morbidities
Shabeer Ahmed Jeeva
33. Needs and services at ward one, Valkenberg Hospital
Dr J. A. Joska, Prof. A.J. Flisher
34. Unanswered questions in the adequate treatment of depression
Moderator: Dr Andre F Joubert
Expert: Prof. Tony Hale
35. Unanswered questions in treatment resistant depression
Moderator: Dr Andre F Joubert
Expert: Prof. Sidney Kennedy
36. Are mentally ill people dangerous?
Sen Z Kaliski
37. The child custody circus
Sean Z. Kaliski
38. The appropriatenes of certification of patients to psychiatric hospitals
V. N. Khanyile
39. HIV/Aids Psychosocial responses and ethical dilemmas
Fred Kigozi
40. Sex and Psychiatry
B Levinson
41. Violence and abuse in psychiatric in-patient institutions: A South African perspective
Marilyn Lucas, John Weinkoove, Dean Stevenson
42. Public health sector expenditure for mental health - A baseline study for South Africa
E N Madela-Mntla
43. HIV in South Africa: Depression and CD4 count
M Y H Moosa, F Y Jeenah
44. Clinical strategies in dealing with treatment resistant schizophrenia
Piet Oosthuizen, Dana Niehaus, Liezl Koen
45. Buprenorphine/Naloxone maintenance in office practice: 18 months and 170 patients after the American release
Ted Parran Jr, Chris Adelman
46. Integration of Pharmacotherapy for Opioid dependence into general psychiatric practice: Naltrexone, Methadone and Buprenorphine/ Naloxone
Ted Parran
47. Our African understanding of individulalism and communitarianism
Willie Pienaar
48. Healthy ageing and the prevention of Dementia
Felix Potocnik, Susan van Rensburg, Christianne Bouwens
49. Indigenous plants and methods used by traditional African healers for treatinf psychiatric patients in the Soutpansberg Area (Research was done in 1998)
Ramovha Muvhango Rachel
50. Symptom pattern & associated psychiatric disorders in subjects with possible & confirmed 22Q11 deletional syndrome
J.L. Roos, H.W. Pretorius, M. Karayiorgou
51. Duration of antidepressant treatment: How long is long enough? How long is too long
Steven P Roose
52. A comparison study of early non-psychotic deviant behaviour in the first ten years of life, in Afrikaner patients with Schizophrenia, Schizo-affective disorder and Bipolar disorder
Martin Scholtz, Melissa Janse van Rensburg, J. Louw Roos
53. Treatment, treatment issues, and prevention of PTSD in women: An update
Soraya Seedat
54. Fron neural networks to clinical practice
M Spitzer
55. Opening keynote presentation: The art and science of Psychiatry
M Spitzer
56. The future of Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders
Dan J. Stein
57. Neuropsychological deficits pre and post Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) thrice a week: A report of four cases
Ugash Subramaney, Yusuf Moosa
58. Prevalence of and risk factors for Tradive Dyskinesia in a Xhosa population in the Eastern Cape
Dave Singler, Betty D. Patterson, Sandi Willows
59. Eating disorders: Addictive disorders?
Christopher Paul Szabo
60. Ethical challenges and dilemmas of research in third world countries
Godfrey B. Tangwa
61. The interface between Neurology and Psychiatry with specific focus on Somatoform dissociative disorders
Michael Trimble
62. Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety in doctors and teachers
H Van der Bijl, P Oosthuizen
63. Ingrid Jonker: A psychological analysis
L. M. van der Merwe
64. The strange world we live in, and the nature of the human subject
Vasi van Deventer
65. Art in psychiatry: Appendix or brain stem?
C W van Staden
66. Medical students on what "Soft skills" are about before and after curriculum reform
C W van Staden, P M Joubert, A-M Bergh, G E Pickworth, W J Schurink, R R du Preez, J L Roos, C Kruger, S V Grey, B G Lindeque
67. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Medical management. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) or Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Andre Venter
68. A comprehensive guide to the treatment of adults with ADHD
W J C Verbeeck
69. Treatment of Insomnia: Stasis of the Art?
G C Verster
70. Are prisoners vulnerable research participants?
Merryll Vorster
71. Psychiatric disorders in the gym
Merryl Vorster
72. Ciprales: Effects on anxiety symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder
Bruce Lydiar
Enhanced infection prophylaxis reduces mortality in severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults and older children initiating antiretroviral therapy in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda and Zimbabwe: the REALITY trial
Meeting abstract FRAB0101LB from 21st International AIDS Conference 18â22 July 2016, Durban, South Africa.
Introduction: Mortality from infections is high in the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIVâinfected adults and children with advanced disease in subâSaharan Africa. Whether an enhanced package of infection prophylaxis at ART initiation would reduce mortality is unknown.
Methods:
The REALITY 2Ă2Ă2 factorial openâlabel trial (ISRCTN43622374) randomized ARTânaĂŻve HIVâinfected adults and children >5 years with CD4 <100 cells/mm3. This randomization compared initiating ART with enhanced prophylaxis (continuous cotrimoxazole plus 12 weeks isoniazid/pyridoxine (antiâtuberculosis) and fluconazole (antiâcryptococcal/candida), 5 days azithromycin (antiâbacterial/protozoal) and singleâdose albendazole (antiâhelminth)), versus standardâofâcare cotrimoxazole. Isoniazid/pyridoxine/cotrimoxazole was formulated as a scored fixedâdose combination. Two other randomizations investigated 12âweek adjunctive raltegravir or supplementary food. The primary endpoint was 24âweek mortality.
Results:
1805 eligible adults (n = 1733; 96.0%) and children/adolescents (n = 72; 4.0%) (median 36 years; 53.2% male) were randomized to enhanced (n = 906) or standard prophylaxis (n = 899) and followed for 48 weeks (3.8% lossâtoâfollowâup). Median baseline CD4 was 36 cells/mm3 (IQR: 16â62) but 47.3% were WHO Stage 1/2. 80 (8.9%) enhanced versus 108(12.2%) standard prophylaxis died before 24 weeks (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54â0.97) p = 0.03; Figure 1) and 98(11.0%) versus 127(14.4%) respectively died before 48 weeks (aHR = 0.75 (0.58â0.98) p = 0.04), with no evidence of interaction with the two other randomizations (p > 0.8). Enhanced prophylaxis significantly reduced incidence of tuberculosis (p = 0.02), cryptococcal disease (p = 0.01), oral/oesophageal candidiasis (p = 0.02), deaths of unknown cause (p = 0.02) and (marginally) hospitalisations (p = 0.06) but not presumed severe bacterial infections (p = 0.38). Serious and grade 4 adverse events were marginally less common with enhanced prophylaxis (p = 0.06). CD4 increases and VL suppression were similar between groups (p > 0.2).
Conclusions:
Enhanced infection prophylaxis at ART initiation reduces early mortality by 25% among HIVâinfected adults and children with advanced disease. The pill burden did not adversely affect VL suppression. Policy makers should consider adopting and implementing this lowâcost broad infection prevention package which could save 3.3 lives for every 100 individuals treated