Pomological properties of pomegranate cultivars growing on the area of west Herzegovina

Na području zapadne Hercegovine obilaskom lokaliteta izdvojeno je sedam sorata šipka: Karaderviš, Majdeški sitnozrni, Slatki barski, Glavaš, Šerbetaš, Paštrun, Konjski zub. Opisana su slijedeća svojstva: vrijeme zrelosti plodova, procjena rodnosti, prosječna težina plodova, oblik plodova, izraženost rebara, boja kore, debljina kore te ispunjenost ploda zrnjem kao jedno od najvažnijih pomoloških svojstava. Nadalje je zabilježena boja, veličina, sočnost zrnja i okus soka. Istraživane sorte se posebice razlikuju u vremenu dozrijevanja, težini ploda, randmanu zrnja, okusu soka i rasprostranjenosti. Ove razlike su posljedica genetskog potencijala sorte, ali i različitih uvjeta uzgoja.Seven cultivars are separated by rounding of region on the area of west Herzegovina: Karaderviš, Majdeški sitnozrni, Slatki barski, Glavaš, Šerbetaš, Paštrun, Konjski zub. Following properties are described: time of fruit maturity, estimate of fruitset, the average fruit weight, occurrence of the ribs, bark-color, thick of the bark, than fruit filling by grains as one of the most important pomological property. Further was recorded the color, size, succulence of the grains and juice-taste. Investigated cultivars are different especially in time of ripening, fruit weight, gains yield, juice-taste and their spreading. These differences are result of the genetic potential of cultivar, as well as different growing conditions

Klijanje zrnaca peludi divlje smokve (Ficus carica L.var.caprificus)

The aim of this study is to determine pollen germination and germination energy of selected types of wild fig in the region of Herzegovina. Pollen from wild fig was collected during anthers cracking from the end of June to the beginning of July. The pollen germination and germination energy for 12 types of wild fig were found. The pollen germination was researched by Lindler’s method of hanging cap. The germination energy was established on substrate with 1% agar-agar and 10% solution of sucrose in Petri dishes on the temperature of 21°C. The pollen fixation in Petri dishes was carried out with formaldehyde. The results in percents were obtained after counting germinated pollen grains under a microscope binocular and after analysing the situations on 5 observations for places germination and germination energy. It was established that the best conditions in researching pollen germination of wild fig were in 3% solution of sucrose and 0.01% solution of boric acid on temperature of 30 ºC and the best conditions in researching on germination energy were in 3% solution of sucrose + 1% agar-agar + 0.01% of boric acid on temperature of 30 ºC. The best pollen germination and germination energy was established for types 4 and 2.Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti klijanje peludi i snagu klijanja izabranih vrsta divlje smokve na području Hercegovine. Pelud divlje smokve sakupljena je za vrijeme pucanja prašnika od kraja lipnja do početka srpnja. Klijanje peludi i snaga klijanja određeni su za 12 vrsta divlje smokve. Klijanje peludi određivano je Lindlerovom metodom viseće kapice. Snaga klijanja utvrđena je na supstratu od 1% agar-agara i 10% otopine saharoze u Petrijevim zdjelicama na temperaturi od 21 °C. Učvršćivanje peludi u petrijevim zdjelicama učinjeno je s formaldehidom. Rezultati u postocima dobiveni su nakon brojanja izniklih zrnaca peludi pod povećalom i nakon analiziranja stanja klijanja peludi i snage klijanja.Utvrđeno je da su najbolji uvjeti za istraživanje klijanja peludi divlje smokve bili u 3% otopini saharoze i 0,01% otopini + 1% agar.agara + 0,01% borne kiseline na temperaturi od 30 °C. Najbolje klijanje peludi i snaga klijanja utvrđeni su za vrste 4 i 2

Mandarin varieties in Opuzen

U radu su prikazane gospodarski najvažnije i najzastupljenije sorte mandarine Unshiu na području Opuzena: Wakiyama, Chahara, Okitsu, Kawano Wase, Owari, Saigon, Kuno, Zorica, Ichumare i Seto. Prema uputama IPGRI deskriptora za Citrus-e analizirana su slijedeća svojstva: opći izgled, veličina i oblik ploda, fizički nedostaci ploda, površina i debljina kožice, priljubljenost kožice, finoća strukture mesa, boja i sočnost mesa, masa i promjer ploda, prisutnost sjemenki, ispunjenost osi ploda, boja albeda, međusobna povezanost kriški ploda, povezanost ploda sa stabljikom, oblik vrška i baze ploda, subjektivna ocjena okusa ploda; oblik plojke lista, intenzitet zelene boje površine lista, duljina i širina plojke lista; gustoća granja i trnja na odraslom stablu. Vrlo rane sorte su Ichumare, Wakiyama, Zorica i Chahara i berba se provodi u rujnu i listopadu. Sorta Wakiyama ima najsitnije i najlakše plodove, čija je prosječna masa 73 g, a prosječni promjer iznosi 55 mm. Slijede ju sorte Zorica, zatim Owari, Ichumare i Okitsu (prosječne mase 136 g te promjera 68,1 mm). U krupnije sorte spadaju Kawano Wase, Chahara, Seto i Kuno, čije se prosječne mase plodova kreću između 165 i 185 g. Saigon je sorta koja ima najkrupnije plodove (188 g i 87 mm). Na temelju ovog rada i u razgovoru s proizvođačima kao preporučene sorte okarakterizirane su: Zorica, Chahara, Kawano Wase, Okitsu i Saigon.The paper describes the most common and economically important varieties of Unshiu mandarin in Opuzen: Wakiyama, Chahara, Okitsu, Kawano Wase, Owari, Saigon, Kuno, Zorica, Ichumare and Seto. According to the IPGRI descriptors for Citrus the following characteristics analyzed were general appearance, size and shape of fruit, fruit physical imperfections, size and thickness of the skin, adherence of the skin, fineness of structure, colour and juiciness of flok, fruit weight and diameter, the presence of seeds, Compliance with the axis of the fruit, albedo colour, adherence of segment walls to each other, fruit attachment to stalk, shape of apex and base of fruit, subjective rating of fruit flavors; leaf lamina shape, the intensity of green coulor of the leaf area, length and width of leaf lamina; density of branches and thorns on the adult tree. Very early varieties are Ichumare, Wakiyama, Zorica, and Chahara and harvesting is carried out in September and October. Variety Wakiyama has the smallest and lightest fruits, with an average weight of 73 g and the average diameter of 55 mm. Followed by variety Zorica, then Owari, Okitsu and Ichumare (average weight 136 g and 68.1 mm in diameter). The larger varieties are Kawano Wase, Chahara, Seto and Kuno, whose average fruit weight is between 165 and 185 g. Saigon is a variety that has the largest fruit (188 g and 87 mm). On the basis of this work and in conversation with manufacturers the recommended varieties are: Zorica, Chahara, Kawano Wase, Okitsu and Saigon

Economic traits of introduced varieties of peach and nectarine in Gabela area

U radu su analizirana pomološka svojstva introduciranih sorata breskve – Royalgem i Rich Lady te nektarine – Big Top i Maria Laura. Najmanju prosječnu težinu imala je sorta Royalgem, 156 g, a najveću sorta Big Top, 171,30 g. Sorta breskve Royalgem te sorta nektarine Maria Laura imaju odlično ocijenjen okus i aromu i izvrsnu usklađenost organoleptičkih svojstava. Sadržaj suhe tvari breskve u ovom istraživanju iznosi 10 – 11.5%. Rezultati ovog rada preporuka su za dalje širenje sorata breskve Royalgem i Rich Lady te nektarine Big Top i Maria Laura, odnosno oni su potvrda pozitivne introdukcije.This paper presents the analyzed pomological traits of the introduced peach cultivars – Royalgem and Rich Lady, and nectarine cultivars – Big Top and Maria Laura. Royalgem cultivar had the lowest average weight of 156 g, and Big Top cultivar had the highest weight of 171.30 g. Taste and aroma of Royalgem peach cultivar and Maria Laura nectarine cultivar are graded as excellent, and they also have an excellent harmony of organoleptic traits. Dry matter peach content is 10- 11.5% in this research. The results of this paper serve as a recommendation for further expansion of Royalgem and Rich Lady peach cultivars and Big Top and Maria Laura nectarine cultivars, i.e., they are a confirmation of a positive introduction

Pomological characteristics of autochthonous varieties in area of Žepče

Područje Žepča ima tradiciju u uzgoju voćaka, što posebice potvrđuju okućnice bogate starim, često naslijeđenim, ali još uvijek sačuvanim stablima. Riječ je o domaćim autohtonim sortama, udomaćenim sortama, starim donesenim sortama, najčešće nepoznatog podrijetla, ili čak njihovim tipovima, ali najbolje se razaznaju po lokalnim nazivima. U radu je opisano sedam autohtonih sorti jabuke: Petrovnjača, Sisa, Torulja, Zvečarka, Kanjuška, Kožara i Kraljica. U detaljno provedenoj pomološkoj obradi korištene su deskripcijske točke i drugi važni parametri (težina, oblik, boja pokožice, peteljkino i čašično udubljenje, boja mesa, sjemenke). Najmanje plodove ima sorta Sisa (71,04 g), a sorta Torulja ima vrlo krupne plodove (284,9 g). Plodovi su sočni do srednje sočni, izražene ugodne arome, a neki od plodova se odlikuju i izraženim mirisom. Plodovi sorte Kanjuška izrazito su aromatični i od svih sorata, ona ima najintenzivniji miris.The area of Žepče has had a long tradition of fruit growing, which especially prove the plots rich in old, often inherited, but preserved trees. We talk about domestic autochthonous varieties, domesticated varieties, old varieties of mostly unknown origin, brought over, or even their types, but they are best differentiated by their local names. This paper describes seven autochthonous apple varieties: Petrovnjača, Sisa, Torulja, Zvečarka, Kanjuška, Kožara and Kraljica. A pomological analysis has been done in details using descriptive points and other significant parameters (weight, shape, color of epidermis, stalk and calyx concavity, color of meat and seed). Sisa variety has the smallest fruits (71.04 g) and Torulja variety has very large fruits (284.9 g). Fruits are juicy to middle juicy with expressed pleasant aroma and some of the fruits have expressed odor. Fruits of Kanjuška variety are highly aromatic and have the most intensive odor among all varieties

Fizikalne i kemijske karakteristike i senzoričko ocjenjivanje plodova šipka (Punica granatum L.) sorte "Glavaš"

Physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of pomegranate fruits of cultivar ‘Glavaš’ were investigated. External and internal fruit quality was assessed by standard parameters (fruit and aril weight and dimensions, soluble solids, total acid) and sensorial quality by panel tests (fruit size, shape and colour; juiciness, sweet/acid taste). Among locations ‘Stolac3’ and ‘Buna 3’ have significantly distinct physical characteristics. The highest fruit weight was at ‘Buna 3’. Location ‘Stolac 1’had significantly higher values of total soluble solid content (17,63 ºBrix) and acidity of fruit juice (3,16 g/L). Large differences in sensory scores for fruit taste were found between locations.Istraživane su fizikalne, kemijske i senzoričke karakteristike plodova šipka sorte ‘Glavaš’. Vanjska i unutarnja kakvoća ploda ocijenjena je standardnim parametrima (masa ploda i arilusa, dimenzije ploda i arilusa, suha tvar, ukupne kiseline) i senzoričkim ocjenjivanjem panel testom (krupnoća ploda, oblik i boja ploda i arilusa, sočnost, slatkoća/kiselost). Između istraživanih lokacija statistički značajne razlike u fizikalnim karakteristikama ploda javljaju se na lokacijama ‘Stolac 3’ i ‘Buna 3’. Najveća masa ploda izmjerena je na lokaciji ‘Buna 3’. Lokacija ‘Stolac 1’ značajno se razlikuje u sadržaju suhe tvari (17,63 ºBrix) i ukupnih kiselina (3,16 g/L). Senzoričkim ocjenjivanjem utvrđene su razlike u okusu između plodova na različitim lokacijama

Lašva valley land suitability for fruit production

Za planiranje razvoja voćarske proizvodnje na nekom području, ocjena prikladnosti ekoloških uvjeta za uzgoj voćnih vrsta posebno je važna, jer većina voćnih vrsta na istom mjestu ostaju dugi niz godina.Temeljni cilj istraživanja u okviru ovog rada bio je utvrditi značajke poljoprivrednih tala/zemljišta Lašvanske doline, kao važnog ekološkog čimbenika voćarske proizvodnje, na temelju čega je na kraju izvršena procjena pogodnosti poljoprivrednih tala/zemljišta za voćarstvo, te inventarizacija površina. Pored značajki tla utvrđene su i značajke klime i reljefa. Procjena pogodnosti izvršena je prema FAO metodi (FAO, 1976), po agrozonama, na području Lašvanske doline i to za područje do 800 m nadmorske visine. Temeljem rezultata procjene pogodnosti utvrđeno je da u ukupnim površinama poljoprivrednog zemljišta Lašvanske doline (do 800 m n.v.) značajan udio zauzimaju zemljišne površine pogodne za voćarsku proizvodnju (68,1%), privremeno nepogodnih (N-1) 123 ha (0,69 %), dok trajno nepogodnih tala/zemljišta (N-2) za intenzivnu voćarsku proizvodnju ima 5571 ha (31,21%). U okviru klase pogodnog zemljišta za voćarstvo nije utvrđena P-1 klasa pogodnosti, dakle najbolja tla za voćarsku proizvodnju na ovom području pripadaju P-2 klasi pogodnosti čija ukupna površina, na bazi proračuna kartiranih jedinica tla, iznosi 2.923 ha, što čini 16,37% od ukupnih poljoprivrednih površina na istraživanom području. Tla/zemljišta P-3 klase pogodnosti su najzastupljenija, u okviru pogodnih poljoprivrednih površina, a njihova ukupna površina je 9234 ha odnosno 51,73%. Osnovna ograničenja tala/zemljišta za intenzivnu voćarsku proizvodnju, na istraživanom području, su nedostatak hranjiva, nagib, dubina, stjenovitost, reakcija tla i vertičnost (kod vertisola). Temeljem rezultat istraživanja uočljivo je da na istraživanom području postoje osnovne mogućnosti, u vidu zemljišnih resursa, za proširenje voćarske proizvodnje, te se uz provođenje neophodnih mjera uređenja tla/zemljišta, edukaciju poljoprivrednih proizvođača u primjeni suvremenih tehnologija i uvođenjem novog sortimenta u skladu s najnovijim znanstveno-stručnim dostignućima može ostvariti daljnji napredak voćarske proizvodnje.For planning fruit production development in on area assessment of envi-ronmental conditions suitability for fruit trees cultivation is particularly important because fruit trees remain at the same place for many years. The main goal of the research presented in this paper was to determine the characteristics of the Lašva valley agricultural soils / lands as an important ecological factor for fruit production. Within that framework the evaluation of agricultural soils / lands for fruit production and areas inventory were made. In addition to soil characteristics climate and topography features were determined too. The suitability evaluation was made according to FAO method (FAO, 1976) by using agrozones in the Lašva valley for the area up to 800 m above the sea level. The results of the suitability assessment showed that in the total area of the Lašva valley agricultural land ( up to 800 m asl) a significant proportion of land areas suitable for fruit production (68.1%), temporarily unsuitable (N -1) are 123 ha (0.69% ) and permanently unsuitable soils / lands (N- 2) for intensive fruit production cover 5571 ha (31.21 %). Within the class of suitable land for fruit growing was not identify P-1 class facilities. The best soils for fruit production in this area belong to P-2 class with a total area, according to the calculations of mapping units, amounting to 2.923 ha which makes 16.37% of the total agricultural land in the studied area. Soils/lands of P-3 class are the most common in the suitable agricultural lands and they cover the total area of 9.234 ha or 51.73% . The main limitations of soils/ lands for intensive fruit production in the researched area are nutrients deficiency, inclination , soil depth, soil rockiness, pH reaction and vertisol. The results of the research show that there are basic possibilities in the form of land resources for the expansion of fruit production. Further progress of fruit production is possible with the implementation of the necessary measures for the organization of the soils/lands, training farmers in modern technology use and introducing new cultivars according to the latest scientific and professional achievements

Fizikalne i kemijske karakteristike i senzoričko ocjenjivanje plodova šipka (Punica granatum L.) sorte "Glavaš"

Physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of pomegranate fruits of cultivar ‘Glavaš’ were investigated. External and internal fruit quality was assessed by standard parameters (fruit and aril weight and dimensions, soluble solids, total acid) and sensorial quality by panel tests (fruit size, shape and colour; juiciness, sweet/acid taste). Among locations ‘Stolac3’ and ‘Buna 3’ have significantly distinct physical characteristics. The highest fruit weight was at ‘Buna 3’. Location ‘Stolac 1’had significantly higher values of total soluble solid content (17,63 ºBrix) and acidity of fruit juice (3,16 g/L). Large differences in sensory scores for fruit taste were found between locations.Istraživane su fizikalne, kemijske i senzoričke karakteristike plodova šipka sorte ‘Glavaš’. Vanjska i unutarnja kakvoća ploda ocijenjena je standardnim parametrima (masa ploda i arilusa, dimenzije ploda i arilusa, suha tvar, ukupne kiseline) i senzoričkim ocjenjivanjem panel testom (krupnoća ploda, oblik i boja ploda i arilusa, sočnost, slatkoća/kiselost). Između istraživanih lokacija statistički značajne razlike u fizikalnim karakteristikama ploda javljaju se na lokacijama ‘Stolac 3’ i ‘Buna 3’. Najveća masa ploda izmjerena je na lokaciji ‘Buna 3’. Lokacija ‘Stolac 1’ značajno se razlikuje u sadržaju suhe tvari (17,63 ºBrix) i ukupnih kiselina (3,16 g/L). Senzoričkim ocjenjivanjem utvrđene su razlike u okusu između plodova na različitim lokacijama

Lašva valley land suitability for fruit production

Za planiranje razvoja voćarske proizvodnje na nekom području, ocjena prikladnosti ekoloških uvjeta za uzgoj voćnih vrsta posebno je važna, jer većina voćnih vrsta na istom mjestu ostaju dugi niz godina.Temeljni cilj istraživanja u okviru ovog rada bio je utvrditi značajke poljoprivrednih tala/zemljišta Lašvanske doline, kao važnog ekološkog čimbenika voćarske proizvodnje, na temelju čega je na kraju izvršena procjena pogodnosti poljoprivrednih tala/zemljišta za voćarstvo, te inventarizacija površina. Pored značajki tla utvrđene su i značajke klime i reljefa. Procjena pogodnosti izvršena je prema FAO metodi (FAO, 1976), po agrozonama, na području Lašvanske doline i to za područje do 800 m nadmorske visine. Temeljem rezultata procjene pogodnosti utvrđeno je da u ukupnim površinama poljoprivrednog zemljišta Lašvanske doline (do 800 m n.v.) značajan udio zauzimaju zemljišne površine pogodne za voćarsku proizvodnju (68,1%), privremeno nepogodnih (N-1) 123 ha (0,69 %), dok trajno nepogodnih tala/zemljišta (N-2) za intenzivnu voćarsku proizvodnju ima 5571 ha (31,21%). U okviru klase pogodnog zemljišta za voćarstvo nije utvrđena P-1 klasa pogodnosti, dakle najbolja tla za voćarsku proizvodnju na ovom području pripadaju P-2 klasi pogodnosti čija ukupna površina, na bazi proračuna kartiranih jedinica tla, iznosi 2.923 ha, što čini 16,37% od ukupnih poljoprivrednih površina na istraživanom području. Tla/zemljišta P-3 klase pogodnosti su najzastupljenija, u okviru pogodnih poljoprivrednih površina, a njihova ukupna površina je 9234 ha odnosno 51,73%. Osnovna ograničenja tala/zemljišta za intenzivnu voćarsku proizvodnju, na istraživanom području, su nedostatak hranjiva, nagib, dubina, stjenovitost, reakcija tla i vertičnost (kod vertisola). Temeljem rezultat istraživanja uočljivo je da na istraživanom području postoje osnovne mogućnosti, u vidu zemljišnih resursa, za proširenje voćarske proizvodnje, te se uz provođenje neophodnih mjera uređenja tla/zemljišta, edukaciju poljoprivrednih proizvođača u primjeni suvremenih tehnologija i uvođenjem novog sortimenta u skladu s najnovijim znanstveno-stručnim dostignućima može ostvariti daljnji napredak voćarske proizvodnje.For planning fruit production development in on area assessment of envi-ronmental conditions suitability for fruit trees cultivation is particularly important because fruit trees remain at the same place for many years. The main goal of the research presented in this paper was to determine the characteristics of the Lašva valley agricultural soils / lands as an important ecological factor for fruit production. Within that framework the evaluation of agricultural soils / lands for fruit production and areas inventory were made. In addition to soil characteristics climate and topography features were determined too. The suitability evaluation was made according to FAO method (FAO, 1976) by using agrozones in the Lašva valley for the area up to 800 m above the sea level. The results of the suitability assessment showed that in the total area of the Lašva valley agricultural land ( up to 800 m asl) a significant proportion of land areas suitable for fruit production (68.1%), temporarily unsuitable (N -1) are 123 ha (0.69% ) and permanently unsuitable soils / lands (N- 2) for intensive fruit production cover 5571 ha (31.21 %). Within the class of suitable land for fruit growing was not identify P-1 class facilities. The best soils for fruit production in this area belong to P-2 class with a total area, according to the calculations of mapping units, amounting to 2.923 ha which makes 16.37% of the total agricultural land in the studied area. Soils/lands of P-3 class are the most common in the suitable agricultural lands and they cover the total area of 9.234 ha or 51.73% . The main limitations of soils/ lands for intensive fruit production in the researched area are nutrients deficiency, inclination , soil depth, soil rockiness, pH reaction and vertisol. The results of the research show that there are basic possibilities in the form of land resources for the expansion of fruit production. Further progress of fruit production is possible with the implementation of the necessary measures for the organization of the soils/lands, training farmers in modern technology use and introducing new cultivars according to the latest scientific and professional achievements

Biological characteristics of the inflorescence and flowering phenology of the wild fig Ficus carica L. var. caprificus

Rad obuhvaća fenološka opažanja cvatnje divlje smokve (Ficus carica L.var.caprificus) kao i morfološku analizu cvatova uz opis pojedinačnih cvjetova i njihov položaj i raspored u svatovima. S većeg broja tipova divlje smokve međusobno različitih određenih svojstava prikupljeni su uzorci u vrijeme cvatnje. Uzdužni presjeci svatova su potom analizirani pod stereoskopskom lupom. Kod divlje smokve se na području Hercegovine mogu razmatrati tri vala cvatnje: proljetna, ljetna i jesensko-zimska. Autor daje prikaz očekivanih termina cvatnje i rezultate analize sastava cvatova, odnosno pojavu ženskih cvjetova kratka vrata, ženskih cvjetova duga vrata i muških cvjetova