Implementation of Optical OFDM Based System for Optical Networks

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), a frequency division multiplexing scheme utilized as a digital multi-carrier modulation technique, implemented using optical fiber link for practical applications thereby developing optical OFDM using OptSim simulation. OFDM has many advantages over other modulation techniques such as a high resistance to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and it is robust against fading caused by multipath propaga­tion. Optical fiber cable (OFC) as a transmission media is used for distortion less transmission of data at a very higher data speed. OFC cable has a lot of advantages over other media. And OFDM over OFC cable will provide data speeds at a very high speed and with very less losses. In this work opti­cal transmitter and receiver for OFDM based optical network has designed for high speed data transmission over optical fiber. While modeling the sys­tem we have also used post,,pre and symmetric compensation technique to reconfigure the bandwidth along with add drop multiplexer,tunable filters and optical amplifiers to achieve high performance with minimum distortion and low bit error rate (BER).DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i5.526

An efficient local binary pattern based plantar pressure optical sensor image classification using convolutional neural networks

The objective of this study was to design and produce highly comfortable shoe products guided by a plantar pressure imaging data-set. Previous studies have focused on the geometric measurement on the size of the plantar, while in this research a plantar pressure optical imaging data-set based classification technology has been developed. In this paper, an improved local binary pattern (LBP) algorithm is used to extract texture-based features and recognize patterns from the data-set. A calculating model of plantar pressure imaging feature area is established subsequently. The data-set is classified by a neural network to guide the generation of various shoe-last surfaces. Firstly, the local binary mode is improved to adapt to the pressure imaging data-set, and the texture-based feature calculation is fully used to accurately generate the feature point set; hereafter, the plantar pressure imaging feature point set is then used to guide the design of last free surface forming. In the presented experiments of plantar imaging, multi-dimensional texture-based features and improved LBP features have been found by a convolution neural network (CNN), and compared with a 21-input-3-output two-layer perceptual neural network. Three feet types are investigated in the experiment, being flatfoot (F) referring to the lack of a normal arch, or arch collapse, Talipes Equinovarus (TE), being the front part of the foot is adduction, calcaneus varus, plantar flexion, or Achilles tendon contracture and Normal (N). This research has achieved an 82% accuracy rate with 10 hidden-layers CNN of rotation invariance LBP (RI-LBP) algorithm using 21 texture-based features by comparing other deep learning methods presented in the literature

A Nine bit Mach Zehnder Interferometer based Comb Shaped Optical True Time Delay Line for Antenna Beam forming

A nine bit comb shaped delay line consisting of Mach Zhender Interferometer (MZI) and MMI coupler is realized on Silicon platform at 1550nm.The device spans 35μm and offers a variable delay from 5fs to 40fs.Simulated Insertion loss of the device is -25dB. FDTD method is used for the analysis. The delayed signal is fed to the antenna array and the variation in the radiation pattern is observed

Comprehensive Analysis of Network Simulator Tools

In the network research area, establishing of network in a real time scenario is very difficult. A single test bed takes a large amount of time and cost. So implementation of a whole network in real world is not easily possible and very costly to. The simulator helps the network developer to check whether the network is able to work in the real time. Thus both the time and cost of testing the functionality of network have been reduced and implementations are made easy. In this paper, we introduce the main features of different simulator and consider their advantages and disadvantages. We hope this survey prove to be a good reference source for those people who feel difficult to select the appropriate network simulators for their research

Plain CT vs MR venography in acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: Triumphant dark horse

Context: Most patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) present with nonspecific signs and symptoms and are likely to undergo nonenhanced head computed tomography (NCT) at presentation, which may show a normal report in up to two-thirds of patients. However, in case of acute thrombosis, sensitivity of diagnosing CVST is high as sinuses are hyperdense. Though magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing CVST, it is not universally available in an acute setting. Aims: To evaluate whether increased attenuation in cerebral venous sinuses in acute condition can be used to diagnose acute CVST and to determine its diagnostic value. Materials and Methods: The study involves two independent groups. One group of patients with sinus thrombosis were confirmed by MR venography (group A). The other group included patients without sinus thrombosis (group B). The HU (CT attenuation), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and H: H (HU: HCT) ratio of both groups were compared. Thirty-six patients (59 thrombotic sinuses) were studied in group A and 40 in group B. Statistical Analysis: Average HU and H: H ratio were compared using two-tailed t-test, and linear regression analysis was used to assess correlation between HCT and HU. Results: Average HU (73.7 vs 48.6) and H: H ratio values were higher in group A patients compared to group B (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed positive correlation between HGB and HCT with HU among both the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that acute CVST can be diagnosed using HU values in NCT

An Unusual Case of Huge Tophaceous Pseudogout Mimicking as a Tumor-Like Lesion around the Ankle Joint: A Case Report and Literature Review

Pseudogout or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD) primarily affects the joints and the periarticular tissues. Tophaceous or tumoral pseudogout is a rare form of this disease which is seen around the joints of extremities. It can be misdiagnosed as a neoplastic condition because of its clinicoradiological similarities, and thus, a proper histopathological examination is indispensable. We report one such case of extra-articular deposition of the CPPD crystals in a 65-year-old man who presented with an asymptomatic swelling around the left ankle. Radiographs showed a dense homogenous calcification, and FNAC revealed dense calcium deposits with numerous rhomboid-shaped crystals. It was managed by en bloc excision, and postoperative biopsy reports confirmed the diagnosis. Possibility of pseudogout should be kept as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with calcified soft tissue swellings and should be subjected to a detailed histopathological examination for confirmation

Mobile Number Portability

Mobile number portability allows customer to switch mobile operator to keep their mobile number avoiding the cost of switching to new number. Changing telephone or mobile number can be a major inconvenience. The implementation of number portability initiatives in many key markets created new opportunities and improved the consumer’s experience. This paper introduces the concepts of mobile number portability, issues and challenges