Fundamental length in quantum theories with PT-symmetric Hamiltonians

The direct observability of coordinates x is often lost in PT-symmetric quantum theories. A manifestly non-local Hilbert-space metric $\Theta$ enters the double-integral normalization of wave functions $\psi(x)$ there. In the context of scattering, the (necessary) return to the asymptotically fully local metric has been shown feasible, for certain family of PT-symmetric toy Hamiltonians H at least, in paper I (M. Znojil, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 025026). Now we show that in a confined-motion dynamical regime the same toy model proves also suitable for an explicit control of the measure or width $\theta$ of its non-locality. For this purpose each H is assigned here, constructively, the complete menu of its hermitizing metrics $\Theta=\Theta_\theta$ distinguished by their optional "fundamental lengths" $\theta\in (0,\infty)$. The local metric of paper I recurs at $\theta=0$ while the most popular CPT-symmetric hermitization proves long-ranged, with $\theta=\infty$.Comment: 31 pp, 3 figure

Techniques for improved convergence in neighboring optimum guidance

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77140/1/AIAA-1969-888-643.pd

q-breathers in Discrete Nonlinear Schroedinger lattices

$q$-breathers are exact time-periodic solutions of extended nonlinear systems continued from the normal modes of the corresponding linearized system. They are localized in the space of normal modes. The existence of these solutions in a weakly anharmonic atomic chain explained essential features of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) paradox. We study $q$-breathers in one- two- and three-dimensional discrete nonlinear Sch\"{o}dinger (DNLS) lattices -- theoretical playgrounds for light propagation in nonlinear optical waveguide networks, and the dynamics of cold atoms in optical lattices. We prove the existence of these solutions for weak nonlinearity. We find that the localization of $q$-breathers is controlled by a single parameter which depends on the norm density, nonlinearity strength and seed wave vector. At a critical value of that parameter $q$-breathers delocalize via resonances, signaling a breakdown of the normal mode picture and a transition into strong mode-mode interaction regime. In particular this breakdown takes place at one of the edges of the normal mode spectrum, and in a singular way also in the center of that spectrum. A stability analysis of $q$-breathers supplements these findings. For three-dimensional lattices, we find $q$-breather vortices, which violate time reversal symmetry and generate a vortex ring flow of energy in normal mode space.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure

Optical and Thermal Performance Analysis of a Steady Spherical Collector with a Crescent-shaped Rotating Absorber

In this paper, optical analysis of spherical concentrator is made to determine the local and the global geometric concentration, as knowing the geometric concentration of a system can help predict what temperatures can possibly be obtained with it.This leads to conclude that spherical collectors may produce higher temperatures than parabolic trough, and they could even be sharply improved by using a mixt cylindrical and cavity (or flat) absorber. A craft prototype of a steady spherical concentrator made with concreteand having a smooth inner surface mapped with mirror tape is presented. Its absorber is made with blacken steel sheets and shaped like a moon crescent to be aligned with the declination plan and to avoid motorization for the tracking of the sun from East to West. Experimental measurements lead to temperatures reaching 686°C on the curve of the least diffusion, and 252°C in the absorber oven-like reservoir. Overall, the resultsuggests higher potentialities of spherical collectors,which also show possibility of use with much reduced tracking system and less vulnerability to bad weather

Numerical and Experimental Study of Natural Convection Air Flow in a Solar Tower Dryer

This work focuses on the study of the flow of air in natural convection in a solar tower of small size. The behavior of air in the tower, considered as a solar dryer, provides information on the amount of heat absorbed by the air upon entry into the collector. A theoretical approach allows us to theoretically simulate the flow by using a mathematical model characterizing the physical parameters of the system during a daily sunshine. An analysis of this phenomenon is made and results are obtained

On Metrizability of Invariant Affine Connections

The metrizability problem for a symmetric affine connection on a manifold, invariant with respect to a group of diffeomorphisms G, is considered. We say that the connection is G-metrizable, if it is expressible as the Levi-Civita connection of a G-invariant metric field. In this paper we analyze the G-metrizability equations for the rotation group G = SO(3), acting canonically on three- and four-dimensional Euclidean spaces. We show that the property of the connection to be SO(3)-invariant allows us to find complete explicit description of all solutions of the SO(3)-metrizability equations.Comment: 17 pages, To appear in IJGMMP vol.9 No.1 (2012

Autonomous electrical current monitoring system for aircraft

Aircraft monitoring systems offer enhanced safety, reliability, reduced maintenance cost and improved overall flight efficiency. Advancements in wireless sensor networks (WSN) are enabling unprecedented data acquisition functionalities, but their applicability is restricted by power limitations, as batteries require replacement or recharging and wired power adds weight and detracts from the benefits of wireless technology. In this paper, an energy autonomous WSN is presented for monitoring the structural current in aircraft structures. A hybrid inductive/hall sensing concept is introduced demonstrating 0.5 A resolution, < 2% accuracy and frequency independence, for a 5 A – 100 A RMS, DC-800 Hz current and frequency range, with 35 mW active power consumption. An inductive energy harvesting power supply with magnetic flux funnelling, reactance compensation and supercapacitor storage is demonstrated to provide 0.16 mW of continuous power from the 65 μT RMS field of a 20 A RMS, 360 Hz structural current. A low-power sensor node platform with a custom multi-mode duty cycling network protocol is developed, offering cold starting network association and data acquisition/transmission functionality at 50 μW and 70 μW average power respectively. WSN level operation for 1 minute for every 8 minutes of energy harvesting is demonstrated. The proposed system offers a unique energy autonomous WSN platform for aircraft monitoring

The effects of ProAlgaZyme novel algae infusion on metabolic syndrome and markers of cardiovascular health

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Metabolic Syndrome, or Syndrome X, is characterized by a set of metabolic and lipid imbalances that greatly increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The syndrome is highly prevalent in the United States and worldwide, and treatments are in high demand. ProAlgaZyme, a novel and proprietary freshwater algae infusion in purified water, has been the subject of several animal studies and has demonstrated low toxicity even with chronic administration at elevated doses. The infusion has been used historically for the treatment of several inflammatory and immune disorders in humans and is considered well-tolerated. Here, the infusion is evaluated for its effects on the cardiovascular risk factors present in metabolic syndrome in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study involving 60 overweight and obese persons, ages 25–60. All participants received four daily oral doses (1 fl oz) of ProAlgaZyme (N = 22) or water placebo (N = 30) for a total of 10 weeks, and were encouraged to maintain their normal levels of physical activity. Blood sampling and anthropometric measurements were taken at the beginning of the study period and after 4, 8 and 10 weeks of treatment. Eight participants did not complete the study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>ProAlgaZyme brought about statistically significant (p < 0.001) reductions in the following: weight, body fat, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein and fasting blood glucose levels, accompanied by a significant (p < 0.001) increase in HDL-cholesterol levels over the 10-week study period. The infusion was well-tolerated and no side effects were noted.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>ProAlgaZyme (4 fl oz daily) consumption resulted in significant reductions in weight and blood glucose levels, while significantly improving serum lipid profiles and reducing markers of inflammation, thus improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese subjects over a course of 10 weeks with an absence of adverse side effects.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>US ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00489333</p

Quasiperiodic spin-orbit motion and spin tunes in storage rings

We present an in-depth analysis of the concept of spin precession frequency for integrable orbital motion in storage rings. Spin motion on the periodic closed orbit of a storage ring can be analyzed in terms of the Floquet theorem for equations of motion with periodic parameters and a spin precession frequency emerges in a Floquet exponent as an additional frequency of the system. To define a spin precession frequency on nonperiodic synchro-betatron orbits we exploit the important concept of quasiperiodicity. This allows a generalization of the Floquet theorem so that a spin precession frequency can be defined in this case too. This frequency appears in a Floquet-like exponent as an additional frequency in the system in analogy with the case of motion on the closed orbit. These circumstances lead naturally to the definition of the uniform precession rate and a definition of spin tune. A spin tune is a uniform precession rate obtained when certain conditions are fulfilled. Having defined spin tune we define spin-orbit resonance on synchro--betatron orbits and examine its consequences. We give conditions for the existence of uniform precession rates and spin tunes (e.g. where small divisors are controlled by applying a Diophantine condition) and illustrate the various aspects of our description with several examples. The formalism also suggests the use of spectral analysis to ``measure'' spin tune during computer simulations of spin motion on synchro-betatron orbits.Comment: 62 pages, 1 figure. A slight extension of the published versio

High prevalence of secondary resistance mutations in Venezuelan HIV-1 isolates.

The genetic variability was studied in HIV-1 from Venezuelan patients with and without treatment, in order to evaluate the presence of polymorphisms and drug resistance mutations. Proviral DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or viral RNA from plasma was extracted from the blood of 30 patients. Two regions from the polymerase gene, protease (Pr) and reverse transcriptase (RT) and one genomic fragment from the envelope (Env) gene were amplified and sequenced. All HIV-1 samples analyzed were classified as subtype B, without evidence of recombination. Although no primary protease mutations were detected, a high frequency of secondary mutations (86%, 19/22), associated to restoration of viral replicative fitness, was observed in strains circulating both in treated and non-treated patients. Resistance mutations to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI) and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI) were detected in 35% (6/17) and 12% (2/17) of the viruses circulating in treated patients, respectively. Resistance mutations were also present in the virus infecting one antiretroviral naive individual (7.7%), suggesting that local screening for resistant mutation in naive patient might be important to minimize therapy failure. Future studies are warranted to assess the role of secondary mutation in the success of viral infection