Some physical and mechanical characterization of Tunisian planted Eucalytus loxophleba and Eucalyptus salmonophloia woods

After the independence in 1957 and with the support of the FAO117, Eucalyptus species were planted in Tunisia in different arboreta throughout the country for close observation and adaptation to climate and soil. The objective of this study is to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of two species planted in marginal area in Sousse (arboretum El Hanya) in the east of Tunisia (Eucalytus loxophleba and Eucalyptus salmonophloia). The moisture content, specific gravity and volumetric shrinkage were measured. The Mechanical tests were performed to evaluate the hardness, the static bending and the resistance to compression parallel to fiber direction. Preliminary results showed that Eucalytusloxophleba and Eucalyptus salmonophloia have a low dimensional stability. During the drying period, woods showed signs of collapses. On the other hand, both species were highly resistant to compression strength while they were lower on the static bending. Eucalytus loxophleba and Eucalyptus salmonophloia characteristics established within this study were similar to other Eucalyptus species from Tunisia, Morocco, Australia and Brazil. This wood may be used in furniture, structural material and/or biomass energy. (Résumé d'auteur

MACS-sorted naive (CD62L) CD4 T cells from the spleens of mice were stimulated in duplicates with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence of blocking anti–IFN-γ and anti–IL-4 antibodies and the indicated cytokines or RA

After different periods of time, cells were restimulated with PMA/ionomycin for 5 h and analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of GFP, Foxp3, IL-17, and IL-10. All plots are gated on TCR-β cells, except plots for IL-10 that are gated on GFPTCR-β cells. Numbers indicate percent cells in quadrants. Data are representative of three independent experiments.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "In vivo equilibrium of proinflammatory IL-17 and regulatory IL-10 Foxp3 RORγt T cells"</p><p></p><p>The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2008;205(6):1381-1393.</p><p>Published online 9 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2413035.</p><p></p

(A and B) Flow cytometry analysis of cells isolated from the organs of 8–12-wk-old mice

Plots are gated on CD3 cells (A) or GFP CD3 cells (B). Numbers indicate mean percent cells in quadrants ± SD obtained with at least three mice. LPLs, lamina propria lymphocytes isolated from small intestine; mLN, mesenteric LNs; BM, bone marrow. (C) Immunofluorescence histology of RORγt cells in the small intestine of mice. Most RORγt cells in villi are T cells, whereas RORγt cells in cryptopatches located between crypts are CD3 LTi cells. Bar, 50 μm. (D) Expression of CD4 and CD8α by spleen GFPTCR-β and lung or GFPTCR-δ cells.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "In vivo equilibrium of proinflammatory IL-17 and regulatory IL-10 Foxp3 RORγt T cells"</p><p></p><p>The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2008;205(6):1381-1393.</p><p>Published online 9 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2413035.</p><p></p

(A) Cells isolated from the spleen and mesenteric LNs of mice were sorted into eight distinct populations based on their expression of GFP, CD3, TCR-β, TCR-δ, CD4, and CD25 (Fig

S1), and gene expression was assessed using real-time PCR. Ct values were normalized to the mean Ct of five housekeeping genes. Data are the mean of two or three independent experiments. (B) Foxp3 RORγt T cells express IL-10. Cells isolated from LNs of mice were restimulated in vitro with PMA/ionomycin for 5 h and subjected to intracellular staining for GFP, IL-17, Foxp3, and IL-10 or an isotype control. Numbers indicate percent cells in quadrants. Results are representative of at least three individual experiments.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "In vivo equilibrium of proinflammatory IL-17 and regulatory IL-10 Foxp3 RORγt T cells"</p><p></p><p>The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2008;205(6):1381-1393.</p><p>Published online 9 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2413035.</p><p></p

(A) mice were treated with DSS in the drinking water for 6 d, followed by water for 10 d

This protocol was repeated for a total of three cycles. After the last cycle, cells isolated from the colon were restimulated in vitro with PMA/ionomycin for 5 h and subjected to intracellular staining for GFP, IL-17, and Foxp3. Histograms (from left to right) report percent GFPTCR-β cell subsets in total T cells (see ), total numbers of RORγt Tαβ cells present in the organ, and the ratio of IL-17–producing to Foxp3 cells within RORγt Tαβ cells (see ). Right panels show immunofluorescence histology of a colon from a healthy or a treated mouse. Bar, 100 μm. (B) mice were infected intranasally with 100 PFUs of influenza A virus for 7 d. Cells were then isolated from the lung and processed as in A. Right panels show immunofluorescence histology of a lung from healthy or an infected mouse. Bar, 50 μm. (C) Cells were isolated from the mesenteric LNs of a 4-mo-old × mouse and processed as in A. Right panels show immunofluorescence histology of a mesenteric LN from a normal or a tumor-bearing mouse. Bar, 100 μm. Data shown are representative of at least three independent experiments. Three to four mice were analyzed per group. *, P < 0.05 as compared with control (mock-treated or WT mice).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "In vivo equilibrium of proinflammatory IL-17 and regulatory IL-10 Foxp3 RORγt T cells"</p><p></p><p>The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2008;205(6):1381-1393.</p><p>Published online 9 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2413035.</p><p></p

Inducible expression of DTA in nestin-lineage stem/progenitor cells decreases the number of Ki67+ and DCX+ cells 12 days (d) post-tamoxifen (TAM), but DCX+ cell number is normalized 30d post-TAM.

<p><b>(A)</b> Experimental design of immunohistochemical study. TAM was administered to 5–6 week-old control or Cre+DTA+ mice for 5 consecutive days, and brains were collected 12d and 30d post-TAM. <b>(B)</b> Representative photomicrographs of the dentate gyrus from control and Cre+DTA+ mice 12d post-TAM stained with an antibody against Ki67. Scale bar = 200 um <b>(B,</b> applies to <b>B, D). (C)</b> Stereological quantification of Ki67+ cell number in the DG granule cell layer (GCL) 12d (control N = 5, Cre+DTA+ N = 4) and 30d (control N = 6, Cre+DTA+ N = 9) post-TAM. <b>(D)</b> Representative photomicrographs of the DG from control and Cre+DTA+ mice 12d post-TAM stained with antibody against DCX. <b>(E)</b> Stereological quantification of DCX+ cells in the DG GCL 12d (control N = 4, Cre+DTA+ N = 5) and 30d (control N = 6, Cre+DTA+ N = 7) post-TAM. <b>(F)</b> High magnification images of the DG from control and Cre+DTA+ mice 12d post-TAM stained with an antibody against DCX+. Scale bar = 50um. <b>(G)</b> Stereological quantification of postmitotic DCX+ cells in the DG GCL 12d (control N = 4, Cre+DTA+ N = 5) and 30d (control N = 6, Cre+DTA+ N = 7). Data are mean±SEM,.**p<0.01, *p<0.05 by unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test.</p

Relative to control mice, stress induced anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior are evident in Cre+DTA+ mice tested less than–but not more than– 4 weeks post-TAM.

<p><b>(A, B)</b> Latency to feed in the novelty induced hypophagia test (NIH) in control vs. Cre+DTA+ mice at short (<b>A,</b> Group 1, control N = 31, Cre+DTA+ N = 10) and long (<b>B,</b> Group 2, control N = 39, Cre+DTA+ N = 16) TAM-behavior intervals. <b>(C, D)</b> Total immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) in control vs. Cre+DTA+ mice at short (<b>C,</b> Group 1, control N = 27, Cre+DTA+ N = 9) and long (<b>D,</b> Group 2, control N = 38, Cre+DTA+ N = 15) TAM-behavior intervals. <b>(E, F)</b> Interaction time during juvenile interaction training and test sessions in control vs. Cre+DTA+ mice at short (<b>E,</b> Group 1, control N = 30, Cre+DTA+ N = 9) and long (<b>F,</b> Group 2, control N = 40, Cre+DTA+ N = 17) TAM-beh intervals. Data = mean±SEM. *p<0.05, unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (A-D). ^<i>b</i>p<0.01,^<i>c</i>p<0.005, ^<i>d</i>p<0.0001, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni posthoc.</p

Experimental design of behavioral study.

<p>TAM was administered to 5–6 week-old control or Cre+DTA+ mice for 5 consecutive days. Behavioral testing began 12d (Group 1) or 33d post-TAM (Group 2), and continued as indicated through day 27 (Group 1, TAM-behavioral [TAM-beh] interval less than 4 weeks) or day 52 (Group 2, TAM-beh interval more than 4 weeks) post-TAM. Both groups were examined in the open field test (OF), locomotor test (LM), novelty induced hypophagia (NIH), light/dark test (L/D), juvenile social interaction test (JI), and tail suspension test (TST). Specifically for Groups 1 and Groups 2, OF was performed 12d or 33d post-TAM, LM 15d or 37d post-TAM, NIH 17-19d or 39-41d post-TAM, L/D 21d or 43d post-TAM, JI 22-25d or 44-47d post-TAM, and TST 27d or 52d post-TAM.</p

Cre+DTA+ mice tested less than or more than 4 weeks post-TAM show similar levels of locomotion and the absence of baseline anxiety-related behaviors.

<p><b>(A, B)</b> Locomotor activity (LM) in both short (<b>A,</b> Group 1, control N = 8, Cre+DTA+ N = 5) and long (<b>B,</b> Group 2, control N = 33, Cre+DTA+ N = 13) TAM-beh interval groups. Insets <b>A, B</b>: total beam breaks over 2 hr. Main panels <b>A, B</b>: beam breaks over 2 hr presented in 5 min bins. X axis * = main effect of time. Posthoc analysis (Bonferroni) revealed all points in main panels were significantly different than the initial locomotor activity data point. However, individual data point asterisks are omitted for clarity, as there was no main effect of genotype or interaction of time X genotype for either Group 1 or Group 2. <b>(C-F)</b> Time spent in the center <b>(C, E)</b> and periphery <b>(D, F)</b> during an open field test (OF) in short (<b>C-D,</b> Group 1, control N = 30, Cre+DTA+ N = 9) and long (<b>E-F,</b> Group 2, control N = 42, Cre+DTA+ N = 17) TAM-beh interval groups. <b>(G-J)</b> Number of transitions between light and dark chambers <b>(G, I)</b> and latency to enter the dark chamber <b>(H, J)</b> in the light/dark test (L/D test) in both short (<b>G-H,</b> Group 1, control N = 30, Cre+DTA+ N = 9) and long (<b>H-I,</b> Group 2, control N = 38, Cre+DTA+ N = 17) TAM-beh groups. Data are mean±SEM. ^<i>d</i>p<0.0001, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni posthoc <b>(A, B)</b>. *p<0.05, unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (<b>insets A, B,</b> and <b>C-H</b>).</p