Gender differences in respiratory symptoms in 19-year-old adults born preterm

Objective: To study the prevalence of respiratory and atopic symptoms in (young) adults born prematurely, differences between those who did and did not develop Bronchopulmonary Disease (BPD) at neonatal age and differences in respiratory health between males and females. Methods: Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Nation wide follow-up study, the Netherlands. Participants: 690 adults (19 year old) born with a gestational age below 32 completed weeks and/or with a birth weight less than 1500g. Controls were Dutch participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Main outcome measures: Presence of wheeze, shortness of breath, asthma, hay fever and eczema using the ECRHS-questionnaire

Perinatal risk-indicators for long-term respiratory morbidity among preterm or very low birth weight neonates

Item does not contain fulltextOBJECTIVES: To develop prediction models for long-term respiratory morbidity. To explore if respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a risk-indicator for long-term respiratory morbidity and to identify other perinatal risk-indicators for long-term respiratory morbidity. STUDY DESIGN: In the Dutch POPS cohort 1338 live born infants delivered in The Netherlands in 1983, either before 32 completed weeks gestation and/or with a birth weight below 1500 g, were followed prospectively. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to construct three prediction models for respiratory morbidity at 2, 5 and 19 years of age. RESULTS: At 2 years of age, maternal smoking (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.4), prolonged rupture of membranes (adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-4.1), pre-eclampsia (adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-4.1), male gender (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0) and BPD (adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2) were significantly associated with respiratory morbidity. Prolonged rupture of membranes (adjusted OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.6-8.5), family history of asthma (adjusted OR 5.9, 95% CI 2.7-13.0) and BPD (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0) were significantly associated with respiratory morbidity at 5 years of age. At 19 years of age only higher social class was associated with decreased respiratory morbidity (adjusted OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41-0.99). The areas under the curves (AUC) were 0.65, 0.71 and 0.61 respectively. The prediction models for respiratory morbidity at 2 and 5 years of age showed a good calibration, while the calibration plot for respiratory morbidity at 19 year was less optimal. CONCLUSIONS: RDS is not a risk-indicator for long-term respiratory morbidity at 2, 5 and 19 years in this cohort (OR 1.2, 95% 0.88-1.7; 1.3, 95% 0.88-2.0; OR 0.91, 95% 0.56-1.5 respectively). Future obstetric studies interested in the effect of a specific perinatal intervention on long-term respiratory morbidity, should consider taking bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) as primary outcome instead of RDS

Long-Term Neurodevelopmental and Functional Outcomes of Infants Born Very Preterm and/or with a Very Low Birth Weight

Background: Birth weight (BW) is often used as a proxy for gestational age (GA) in studies on preterm birth. Recent findings indicate that, in addition to perinatal outcomes, subjects born very preterm (VP; GA <32 weeks) differ from those with a very low birth weight (VLBW; BW <1,500 g) in postnatal growth up to their final height. Objective: To study whether neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes at the age of 19 years differ in VP and/or VLBW subjects. Methods: 705 19-year-old subjects from the Project on Preterm and Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants (POPS) cohort were classified as (1) VP+/VLBW+ (n = 354), (2) VP+/VLBW-(n = 144), or (3) VP-/VLBW+ (n = 207), and compared with regard to IQ as assessed with the Multicultural Capacity Test-intermediate level; neuromotor function using Touwen's examination of mild neurologic dysfunction; hearing loss; self-and parent-reported behavioral and emotional functioning; educational achievement and occupation; and self-assessed health using the Health Utilities Index and the London Handicap Scale. Results: VP+/VLBW-infants, on average, had 3.8-point higher IQ scores (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57.1), a trend towards higher educational achievement, 3.3dB better hearing (95% CI 1.2-5.4), and less anxious behavior, attention problems, and internalizing behavior than to VP+/VLBW+ subjects. VP-/VLBW+ infants reported 1.8 increased odds (95% CI 1.2-2.6) of poor health compared to VP+/VLBW+ subjects. Conclusions: At the age of 19 years, subjects born VP+/VLBW+, VP+/VLBW-, and VP-/VLBW+ have different neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes, although effect sizes are small. Hence, the terms VP and VLBW are not interchangeable. We recommend, at least for industrialized countries, to base inclusion in future studies on preterm populations on GA instead of on BW. (c) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Base

Gender differences in respiratory symptoms in 19-year-old adults born preterm

Objective: To study the prevalence of respiratory and atopic symptoms in (young) adults born prematurely, differences between those who did and did not develop Bronchopulmonary Disease (BPD) at neonatal age and differences in respiratory health between males and females. Methods: Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Nation wide follow-up study, the Netherlands. Participants: 690 adults (19 year old) born with a gestational age below 32 completed weeks and/or with a birth weight less than 1500g. Controls were Dutch participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Main outcome measures: Presence of wheeze, shortness of breath, asthma, hay fever and eczema using the ECRHS-questionnaire Results: The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was significantly higher in the ex-preterms than in the general population, whereas eczema and hay fever were significant lower. Women reported more symptoms than men. Preterm women vs controls: asthma 13% vs 5% (p<0.001); hay fever 8% vs 20% (p<0.001); eczema 10% vs 42% (p<0.001). Preterm men vs controls: asthma 9% vs 4% (p=0.007); hay fever 8% vs 17% (p=0.005); eczema 9% vs 31% (p<0.001) Preterm women reported more wheeze and shortness of breath during exercise (sob) than controls: wheeze 30% vs 22% (p=0.009); sob 27% vs 16% (p<0.001); 19-year-old women with BPD reported a higher prevalence of doctor diagnosed asthma compared to controls (24% vs 5% p <0.001) and shortness of breath during exercise (43% vs 16% p=0.008). The prevalence of reported symptoms by men with BPD were comparable with the controls. Conclusions: Our large follow-up study shows a higher prevalence of asthma, wheeze and shortness of breath in the prematurely born young adults. 19-year-old women reported more respiratory symptoms than men. Compared to the general population atopic diseases as hay fever and eczema were reported less often. © 2005 Vrijlandt et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Social Lifestyle, Risk-taking Behavior, and Psychopathology in Young Adults Born Very Preterm or with a Very Low Birthweight

Objective: To assess social lifestyle, risk-taking behavior, and psychopathology in young adults born very preterm or with a very low birthweight. Study design: This study was part of the 19-year follow-up in a large ongoing collaborative study in the Netherlands (the POPS study) on the long-term outcome of prematurity and dysmaturity. 656 adolescents from the POPS study without serious handicap were compared with peers in the general population in lifestyle, risk-taking behavior, psychopathology, and social participation. Results: Adolescents from the POPS study smoked significantly less than their peers. Compared with their peers, boys from the POPS study consumed alcohol less often, and girls from the POPS study consumed alcohol approximately as often. Lifetime drug-use was significantly lower than in the reference group. With the exception of fare-dodging, criminal behavior in POPS adolescents was significantly lower than in control subjects. Boys had more trouble in establishing a relationship. The clinical psychopathology reported by POPS subjects was not significantly higher than in control subjects. Conclusion: Adolescents born very preterm or with a very low birthweight without serious disabilities engaged less in risk-taking behavior, did not show more psychopathology, but had more difficulties in establishing social contacts. The latter might be attributable to a more prominent internalizing behavior. © 2008 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved

No association between transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity and neurodevelopmental outcome in young adulthood

Context: Transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity (THoP) has been associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in infancy and childhood. It is not known whether these relations persist into adulthood. Objective: The objective was to examine whether there is an effect of THoP on intelligence quotient (IQ) score and motor functioning at a young adult age. Design: This study was part of the 19-year follow-up of the Project On Preterm and Small-forgestational-age birth (POPS) cohort, which included infants born very preterm (ie,32 wk) and/or with a very low birth weight (ie, 1500 g). Setting: This was a multicenter study. Patients: There were 398 19-year-old participants of the POPS cohort, of whom 120 had THoP. Exposure: T4 concentrations were obtained through the national neonatal screening program for congenital hypothyroidism.THoP was defined as a total T4 concentration< -3 SD of the daily mean (approximately 60 nmol/L). Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures were IQ and motor functioning, measured with the digital Multicultural Capacities Test-Intermediate Level and a revised version of Touwen’s examination of minor neurological dysfunction, respectively. Results: THoP was not associated with IQ score (mean difference, 0 [95% confidence interval,3.8 to 3.8] points) or motor function (mean difference, 0.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.5] points) after adjustment for demographic and perinatal characteristics. Conclusions: No associations between THoP and neurodevelopmental outcome at age 19 years were found

Vroeggeboorte, intra-uteriene groeiachterstand en lichamelijke ziehten op de volwassen leeftijd; resultaten van 19 jaar POPS-follow-up

Infants born very prematurely are at greater risk of neurosensory handicaps and developmental problems than are term born children. Premature birth, intrauterine growth retardation, and the combination of both, may also be risk factors for physical disease in adulthood. As this aspect has been little studied so far, we looked into its first signs in the pops-cohort (Project On Preterm and Small for gestational age infants). Prematurity seems to be a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance. The risk is extra high for individuals showing disposition to obesity at later age. Having experienced intrauterine growth retardation even increases the risk. Former premature infants on average show higher mean systolic blood pressure, yet unrelated to degree of intrauterine growth retardation. Renal function (clearance and protein excretion) in young adulthood is less favorable for prematurely born individuals who also experienced intrauterine growth retardation. Prematurely born children show more airway symptoms and poorer lung function in young adulthood. We conclude that neonatal follow up is not only indicated for very premature infants but also for children who experienced severe intrauterine or neonatal growth retardation. Pediatricians ought to inform parents and children as well as the family doctor that prematurity or intrauterine growth retardation may be risk factors for chronic disease at adult age. Active prevention of obesity from an early age onwards is indicated for prematurely born children who experienced intrauterine growth retardation. Family doctors should be extra alert to the development of particularly hypertension and microalbuminuria when these children reach young adult age; a regular check-up for example every two years is recommended. Awareness of their medical history may stimulate the children themselves to prevent obesity, take up sports, and never start smoking

No association between transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity and neurodevelopmental outcome in young adulthood

\u3cp\u3eContext: Transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity (THoP) has been associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in infancy and childhood. It is not known whether these relations persist into adulthood. Objective:Theobjectivewastoexaminewhetherthere isaneffect ofTHoPonintelligence quotient (IQ) score and motor functioning at a young adult age. Design: This study was part of the 19-year follow-up of the Project On Preterm and Small-forgestational-age birth (POPS) cohort, which included infants born very preterm (ie,&lt;32 wk) and/or with a very low birth weight (ie, &lt;1500 g). Setting: This was a multicenter study. Patients: There were 398 19-year-old participants of the POPS cohort, of whom 120 had THoP. Exposure: T\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e concentrations were obtained through the national neonatal screening program for congenital hypothyroidism.THoPwasdefined as a total T\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e concentration &lt;-3 SDof the dailymean (approximately 60 nmol/L). Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures were IQ and motor functioning, measured with the digital Multicultural Capacities Test-Intermediate Level and a revised version of Touwen's examination of minor neurological dysfunction, respectively. Results: THoP was not associated with IQ score (mean difference, 0 [95% confidence interval,-3.8 to 3.8] points) or motor function (mean difference, 0.6 [95% confidence interval, -1.3 to 2.5] points) after adjustment for demographic and perinatal characteristics. Conclusions: No associations between THoP and neurodevelopmental outcome at age 19 years were found.\u3c/p\u3