Reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo e biofiltro em polietileno como alternativa de tratamento descentralizado para esgoto sanitário no município de Rio Rufino - SC

Basic sanitation services are essential for promoting public health and for mitigating environmental damage. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate a wastewater treatment system consisting of anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and biofilter, as an alternative for the decentralized wastewater treatment in the municipality of Rio Rufino - Santa Catarina. The system was evaluated for its efficiency of removal of fecal coliforms, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, soluble chemical oxygen demand, phosphorus, Total Kjhedal Nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, sedimentable solids and maintenance of the hydrogen potential in the effluent. The treated effluent had its parameters compared to the standards established by Resolution 430/2011 of the Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente and Law 14.675 / 2009 of the State of Santa Catarina. It was also performed the estimate of the daily biochemical oxygen demand load, originated by the population of the municipality, and its respective impact. The effluent treated by the proposed system, when properly installed, follows what was established by the legislation, which implies in reducing the impacts caused by the municipality. In this way, the system can be an interesting alternative when it comes to decentralized wastewater treatment.Serviços de saneamento básico são essenciais para a promoção da saúde pública e para a mitigação de danos ambientais. Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar um sistema de tratamento de efluentes domésticos constituído de reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo e biofiltro, como alternativa para o tratamento descentralizado de esgoto sanitário no município de Rio Rufino – Santa Catarina. O sistema foi avaliado pela eficiência referente a remoção de coliformes fecais, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio solúvel, fósforo, Nitrogênio Total Kjhedal, nitrito, nitrato, sólidos sedimentáveis e manutenção do potencial hidrogeniônico no efluente. O efluente tratado teve seus parâmetros comparados aos padrões estabelecidos pela Resolução 430/2011 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente e a Lei 14.675/2009 do Estado de Santa Catarina. Também foi realizada a estimativa da carga de demanda bioquímica de oxigênio diária, originada pela população do município, e seu respectivo impacto. O efluente tratado pelo sistema proposto, quando instalado de forma adequada, apresentou-se em acordo com o estabelecido pela legislação, o que implica na redução dos impactos causados pelo município. Desta forma, o sistema pode vir a ser uma alternativa interessante, quando se trata de tratamento descentralizado de esgoto sanitário

Analysis of water leached from soil treated with leachate from plant biomass ash

This work analyzed water leached from soil treated with leachate from plant biomass ash. The ash was generated by industrial boilers used in the pulp and paper industry. Experiments were carried out in columns filled with soil, and the ash was then added to the soil to simulate field conditions. The ash was applied at 30 and 60 tons per hectare rate. The simulated rainwater was prepared for three scenarios: pH 3.0, 6.5 and 8.0. Each leaching experiment simulated an annual precipitation of 2,045 mm. The results showed that the parameter that demands more attention is aluminum concentration. In this context, in acidic conditions (pH 3.0) and with a significant amount of ash added (60 tons per hectare), the level of aluminum may reach the maximum level for drinking water. Despite the potential impact of aluminum, the use of ash from plant biomass in soil for agricultural purposes may serve as an alternative strategy for disposal of this waste