Fortschritte beim Wärmeschutz der Wohngebäude

Durch eine repräsentative Befragung von Hauseigentümern wurden Daten zum energetischen Zustand der deutschen Wohngebäude erhoben. Diese zeigen, dass höhere Modernisierungsraten beim Wärmeschutz notwendig sind, um die Klimaschutzziele zu erreichen

Scenario Analyses Concerning Energy Efficiency and Climate Protection in Regional and National Residential Building Stocks. Examples from Nine European Countries. - EPISCOPE Synthesis Report No. 3

This report documents methodological aspects and selected results of the scenario analyses to assess refurbishment as well as energy saving processes and project future energy consumption.. It covers scenario calculations conducted for regional residential building stocks in Salzburg/Austria, the Comunidat Valenciana/Spain, the Piedmont Region/Italy, the national non-profit housing stock in the Netherlands as well as the national residential building stocks in Germany, England, Greece, Norway, and Slovenia. Thereby, the objective of the scenario analysis is not a prediction of future energy demand in the respective building stock. Rather, the objective is to show the potential future impact of predefined assumptions. This may help respective key actors and policy makers to decide on strategies and policies for transforming building stocks towards carbon dioxide neutrality

Tracking of Energy Performance Indicators in Residential Building Stocks – Different Approaches and Common Results - EPISCOPE Synthesis Report No. 4

A central task of IEE EPISCOPE project was to carry out energy balance calculations and scenario analysis for national, regional or local residential building stocks against the background of energy saving and climate protection targets. The EPISCOPE Synthesis Report No. 4 documents the individual approaches of collecting information for the investigated residential building stocks as a foundation for building stock models and scenario calculations. Issues related to the availability of data and data quality are discussed, and concepts for a continuous monitoring (a regular data collection) are presented as a basis for a future tracking of energy performance in the observed building stocks

Monitoring der KfW-Programme "Energieeffizient Sanieren" und "Energieeffizient Bauen" 2016

KfW-Programm „Energieeffizient Sanieren“: Im Rahmen des Programms wurden im Jahr 2016 mehr als 126.000 Förderzusagen für Maßnahmen an rund 276.000 Wohnungen erteilt. Durch die geförderten Modernisierungsvorhaben wird insgesamt eine Endenergieeinsparung von rund 1.700 Gigawattstunden pro Jahr (bzw. 1,7 Mrd. Kilowattstunden pro Jahr) erreicht (bezogen auf Brennstoffe, Strom und Fernwärme, ohne Solar- und Umweltwärme).Die Primärenergieeinsparung (bei Betrachtung des Bedarfs an nicht-erneuerbaren Energieträgern) beträgt rund 2.100 Gigawattstunden pro Jahr. Die Treibhausgasminderung der im Jahr 2016 geförderten Gebäudemodernisierungen beläuft sich auf einen Wert von etwa 616.000 Tonnen CO2e pro Jahr. Darin sind neben den direkten Emissionen des Treibhausgases CO2 auch indirekte vorgelagerte Emissionen bei der Gewinnung der eingesetzten Energieträger und die auf CO2-Äquivalente umgerechneten Emissionen weiterer Treibhausgase berücksichtigt. Für die Ermittlung der Beschäftigungseffekte wurden die Gesamtinvestitionskosten der energiesparenden Modernisierungsmaßnahmen aus den KfW-Antragsdaten zugrunde gelegt. Diese Investitionen in Höhe von 10,1 Mrd. € (inkl. MwSt.) bewirkten Beschäftigungseffekte im Umfang von 115.000 Personenjahren (PJ).KfW-Programm „Energieeffizient Bauen“: Im Jahr 2016 wurden in dem Programm „Energieeffizient Bauen“ rund 73.000 Neubauvorhabenmit 159.000 Wohnungen gefördert. Gemessen an der Zahl der Baugenehmigungen im Jahr 2016 (laut Bautätigkeitsstatistik rund 317.000 Wohnungen), erreicht die Förderung damit einen Anteil von etwa 50 % am deutschen Wohnungsneubau. Die jährlichen Endenergieeinsparungen der im Jahr 2016 geförderten Neubauten belaufen sich auf rund 430 Gigawattstunden pro Jahr gegenüber dem Referenzfall Energieeinsparverordnung(EnEV).Die Primärenergieeinsparung (nicht-erneuerbare Energieträger) errechnet sich zu etwa550 Gigawattstunden pro Jahr. Die Treibhausgasminderung, die durch die 2016 geförderten Neubauten erreicht wurde, beträgt rund 182.000 Tonnen CO2e pro Jahr (CO2-Äquivalente mit Vorketten) gegenüber dem Referenzfall. Für die Ermittlung der Beschäftigungseffekte wurden die Gesamtinvestitionskosten der energieeffizienten Neubaumaßnahmen aus den KfW-Antragsdaten zugrunde gelegt. Diese Investitionen in Höhe von 39,6 Mrd. € (inkl. MwSt.) bewirkten Beschäftigungseffekte im Umfang von 429.000 Personenjahren (PJ)

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Representative COVID-19 Cohort Munich

Pritsch M, Radon K, Bakuli A, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Representative COVID-19 Cohort Munich. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021;18(7): 3572.Given the large number of mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases, only population-based studies can provide reliable estimates of the magnitude of the pandemic. We therefore aimed to assess the sero-prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Munich general population after the first wave of the pandemic. For this purpose, we drew a representative sample of 2994 private households and invited household members 14 years and older to complete questionnaires and to provide blood samples. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was defined as Roche N pan-Ig ≥ 0.4218. We adjusted the prevalence for the sampling design, sensitivity, and specificity. We investigated risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and geospatial transmission patterns by generalized linear mixed models and permutation tests. Seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies was 1.82% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.37%) as compared to 0.46% PCR-positive cases officially registered in Munich. Loss of the sense of smell or taste was associated with seropositivity (odds ratio (OR) 47.4; 95% CI 7.2-307.0) and infections clustered within households. By this first population-based study on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in a large German municipality not affected by a superspreading event, we could show that at least one in four cases in private households was reported and known to the health authorities. These results will help authorities to estimate the true burden of disease in the population and to take evidence-based decisions on public health measures

Socioeconomic and risk-related drivers of compliance with measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection: evidence from the Munich-based KoCo19 study

Pedron S, Laxy M, Radon K, et al. Socioeconomic and risk-related drivers of compliance with measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection: evidence from the Munich-based KoCo19 study. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1): 860.**Objectives** Although a growing share of the population in many countries has been vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus to different degrees, social distancing and hygienic non-pharmaceutical interventions still play a substantial role in containing the pandemic. The goal of this study was to investigate which factors are correlated with a higher compliance with these regulations in the context of a cohort study in the city of Munich, southern Germany, during the summer of 2020, i.e. after the first lockdown phase. **Methods** Using self-reported compliance with six regulations and personal hygiene rules (washing hands, avoiding touching face, wearing a mask, keeping distance, avoiding social gatherings, avoiding public spaces) we extracted two compliance factor scores, namelycompliance with personal hygiene measuresandcompliance with social distancing regulations. Using linear and logistic regressions, we estimated the correlation of several socio-demographic and risk perception variables with both compliance scores. **Results** Risk aversion proved to be a consistent and significant driver of compliance across all compliance behaviors. Furthermore, being female, being retired and having a migration background were positively associated with compliance with personal hygiene regulations, whereas older age was related with a higher compliance with social distancing regulations. Generally, socioeconomic characteristics were not related with compliance, except for education, which was negatively related with compliance with personal hygiene measures. **Conclusions** Our results suggest that for a targeted approach to improve compliance with measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, special attention should be given to younger, male and risk-prone individuals