First Report of Chryseobacterium sp. from Koi (Cyprinus carpio) in Turkey

In this study, we isolated Chryseobacterium sp. from koi in Turkey. The disease outbreak occurred in fish weighing 10-300g (water temperature 9-10°C) in November 2011- February 2012. The cumulative mortality rate was approximately 55% over 4 months. Infected koi exhibited anorexia, weakness, emaciation, damage to dorsal and caudal fins, grey-white skin discoloration (1-1.5cm) in the head area, large open wounds in skin with disease progression, necropsy findings, paleness of the liver, enlarged spleen and kidney, acidic fluid in the body cavity. Samples for bacteriological examinations were collected from the kidney, liver, and spleen using sterile swabs; these samples were streaked onto Anacker ordal Agar and incubated at 18°C for 48 h. Five bacterial isolates were obtained from diseased fish. Phenotypic characteristics of the isolates were determined by conventional methods and rapid identification kits, API 20NE, and API ZYM. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that isolate Sin57 belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium, with highest sequence similarity (98.5 %) to C. aahli T68T and C. limigenitum SUR2

Effects of Canola Meal Use Instead of Soybean Meal in Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio, L. 1758) Diet on Growth and Body Composition

In this study, the effects on growth, feed conversion ratio, body composition, survival rate and hepatosomatic indices of addition canola meal in different ratio (12%, 22% , 32% and 42%) instead of soybean meal to diet of carp fry (average weight 0.25±0.01 g) (Cyprinus carpio , L. 1758) were investigated. The diets of carp fry were formulated as isonitrogenous (35%) and isocaloric (3200 kcal kg-1), and the fry were fed 60 days. In the results of this study, the best final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were found in control group, this group exhibited similar growth with groups containing 12% and 22% canola meal. No significant differences in body composition, hepatosomatic indices and survival rate were obtained with use of canola meal in carp diet (P>0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that combination of 14.30% soybean meal and up to 22% canola meal could be used in mirror carp fry diets

Effects of Enzyme-Producing Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Trout on the Growth Performance, Survival, and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Rainbow Trout Fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, we investigated the effects of enzyme-producing probiotic bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout on the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and digestive enzyme activity, of fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three isolates (G8/2013, T7/2013 and U5/2013) of candidate bacteria elicited the highest protease, lipase, and amylase activities, respectively. Isolates were identified as Aeromonas sp., Bacillus sp. and Citrobacter braakii by morphological, physiological, biochemical characterizations as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The fry basal diet was supplemented with probiotics at varying concentrations; G8 group, Aeromonas sp. 1.72 x 108 CFU/g; U5 group, Bacillus sp. 3.01 x 108 CFU/g; T7 group, C. braakii 2.96 x 108 CFU/g and a mixed group (same bacterial concentrations), and control group (no bacteria). The rainbow trout fry were fed ad libitum in triplicate treatments with supplemented and non-supplemented probiotic diets for 70-days. The total bacterial count in the intestine was significantly higher in the mixed group (30th and 50th days) and U5 group (50th and 70th days) compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), nutrient digestibility, or digestive enzyme activity among the groups.

Effect of lactic acid bacteria and the potential probiotic Hafnia alvei on growth and survival rates of narrow clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Esch., 1823) stage II juveniles

The aim of this study was to screen potential probiotic bacteria against Aeromonas hydrophila and determine the effects of antagonistic bacteria and a commercial product containing lactic acid bacteria on the survival and growth of stage II Astacus leptodactylus juveniles. For this purpose, a total of 110 bacterial strains were isolated from adult, stage II crayfish juveniles and rearing water screened for antagonistic activities against A. hydrophila with well diffusion agar assay. Hafnia alvei strain from stage II crayfish juveniles displayed the inhibition zone (10mm) against A. hydrophila. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments for 60 days: (I) crayfish fed with live food without probiotics (control group); (II) crayfish fed with live food enriched with lactic acid bacteria (0.015 gL^-1); (III) crayfish fed with live food enriched with Hafnia alvei (10^6 CFU mL^−1); (IV) crayfish fed with control diet and H. alvei added to rearing water (10^6 CFU mL^−1). As a result of this study, lactic acid bacteria and Hafnia alvei applications did not positively affect growth and survival of stage II A. leptodactylus juveniles. In the future, studies on screening potential probiotic bacteria should be used in vitro and in vivo tests. In addition, it will be useful to investigate the lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp. from indigenous microflora of crayfish

An algorithm of dental/dentofacial-based options for managing patients with obstructive sleep apnoea referred to a dentist/dental specialist by a physician

Medical Technologies National Conference, TIPTEKNO 2015 -- 15 October 2015 through 18 October 2015 -- 118954There are so many documents in the literature discoursing the aetiology, nature, diagnosis and treatment planning of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Almost all of them mention that OSA has to be evaluated and treated through the multidisciplinary teamwork of physicians and dentists. Due to a lack in the literature, this article focuses on dentists' and dental specialists' role in the treatment algorithm of OSA

Evaluation of bruxism frequency and family awareness on children

Uyku bruksizmi, sebepleri üzerinde hala tartışmalar olan, popülasyonda oldukça sık görülen ve gerek fizyolojik gerekse sosyal açıdan hayatı etkileyen multifaktöriyel bir rahatsızlıktır. Özellikle uykuda olması sebebiyle fark edilmesi çok güçtür. Uzun süre fark edilememesi oluşturacağı semptomların giderilmesini zorlaştırmaktadır. Çocukların şikayetlerini zor ifade edebilmeleri de bu durumu daha komplike hale getirmektedir. Bu problemin erken safhalarda tedavi edilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Aksi takdirde bulgular artmakta ve daha çok sistemi etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; çocuklarda farklı dentisyon tiplerinde uyku bruksizmi sıklığı ve aile farkındalığının değerlendirilmesidir.Bu tez çalışmasında, Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı Kliniği'ne başvuran sıradan 600 hastanın, uyku bruksizmi görülme sıklığı ve ebeveynlerinin farkındalığı incelenmiştir. Hastalar, tüm dentisyon dönemi gruplarından her bir gruba 200 çocuk düşecek şekilde seçilmiştir. Çalışma sırasında hasta velilerine anket uygulanmış, hastalarda genel ağız, temporomandibular eklem ve baş boyun muayeneneleri yapılmıştır. Uyku bruksizmini takip etmeyen hasta ebeveynleri, çocuklarını gece uykularında bir hafta boyunca düzenli olarak takip etmeleri konusunda uyarılmış, bu süre sonunda telefonla aranmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla ki kare testi ve lojistik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır.Uyku bruksizminin ailesel farkındalığında uyku bruksizmi görülme sıklığı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde etkili bulunmuştur.Dentisyon grupları arasında herhangi bir fark bulunamamıştır. Uyku bruksizmi görülme sıklığında, hastanın uyandığında şakak ağrısı şikayeti ve uyku bruksizminin ailesel farkındalığı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dentisyonlar karşılaştırıldığında zararlı alışkanlıklar ile uyku bruksizmi sadece süt dentisyonda etkili gözlenmiştir. Süt dentisyonlarda uyku bruksizmi ve farkındalığı arasında, karma dentisyonda ise şakak ağrısı ile uyku bruksizmi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulgulanmıştır.Sonuç olarak, uyku bruksizminin belirlenmesinde ailenin farkındalığı önemli bir etkendir. Çalışmada kullanılan yöntem polisomnografi, EMG gibi yöntemlerin çocuklardaki dezavantajlarına göre ucuz, kolay ve herkese uygulanabilir olması sebebiyle, bruksizmin teşhis edilmesinde güvenilir bir yöntem olarak görülmektedir.Sleep bruxism is a multifactorial disease which is ethiologically controversial, highly frequent and it affects the daily life both phsyologically and socially. The awareness about this disease is difficult due to the occurence during the sleep. Long term unawareness of this condition generates symptoms that can be handled with more effort. Children are a group of patient which makes the situation harder because of the difficulties they have about mentioning the problem. The problem needs to be handled as early as possible which protects the patient from an advanced problem. The main goal of this study is to evaluate both the frequency of bruxism in children with different dentition types and the levels of family awareness.In this study, 600 randomly selected patients who were referred to the clinic of Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry were evaluated about sleep bruxism and family awareness. The patients were divided into 3 groups considering the type of dentition with 200 patients on each group. During the evaluation, families had been given a questionnaire and all the patients were examined on oral, temporomandibular joint, head and neck basis. The parents of the children with no awareness were asked to observe their children's sleep for a week. After this period, they are called back. Statistical analysis were made using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. The relation between familial awareness of sleep bruxism and sleep bruxism frequency are found to be statistically significant. The morning temporal pain and the familial awareness are related with sleep bruxism frequency. This relation is statistically significant.Different parameters were compared between different types of dentitions. Oral habits and sleep bruxism are only related in primary dentition. Statistically significant relations were found between sleep bruxism and familial awareness in primary and permanent dentitions, and between temporal pain and sleep bruxism in mixed dentition. Consequently, familial awareness is an important factor to determine sleep bruxism. The method used in this study is a reliable method which is easy-to-apply, uexpensive and easy. It also protects the children from the disadvantages of some methods like Polysomnography and EMG

In Vitro Testing of Potential Probiotic Bacteria against Vagococcus salmoninarum in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)

In this study, probiotic properties of endogenous microbiota of rainbow trout against Vagococcus salmoninarum isolated during an outbreak of vagococcosis in a trout farm in the Mediterranean region were evaluated. The candidate probiotic bacteria were isolated from rainbow trout intestines. A total of 157 isolates were obtained and screened for antagonistic activity against V. salmoninarum via the Well Diffusion Agar method. Six isolates were determined for antagonistic activity against V. salmoninarum. Conventional microbiological tests and API 20 Strep tests (bioMe´rieux) were used for further phenotypic characterization of all six antagonistic isolates. For molecular identifications of isolates, L. garvieae specific PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were used. Antagonistic strains were identified including TUB/2013/V47 (L. garvieae), TUB/2013/V27 (L.garvieae), TUB/2013/V10 (L. garvieae), TUB/2013/V2 (L. garvieae) TUB/2013/V1 (L. lactis) and TUB/2013/V4 (L. lactis). The strains were then tested for hydrophobicity, bile salts and acid tolerance and antimicrobial activity. All isolates were congo red-positive, indicating the presence of hydrophobic structures in their cell walls. It was determined that whole antagonistic strains were resistant to low pH conditions and 0.6-1.5% bile concentrations. Antimicrobial test results showed that most of the strains are susceptible in vitro to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid ampicillin, doxycycline, erythromycin and florfenicol, which are frequently used in aquaculture. As a result, it was found that strains have in vitro probiotic properties (hydrophobic, tolerant to bile salts and low pH conditions). Further study is needed to explore their in vivo probiotic effects against vagococcosi