Measuring the development of innovations districts through performance indicators: 22@Barcelona Case

Els districtes d'innovació estan augmentant com a abanderats del nou paradigma urbà, econòmic i social i com a solució al renaixement del centre de les ciutats ja que acceleren la creació i comercialització de noves idees que aprofiten els objectius de la ciutat i els seus atributs tecnològics i econòmics.  La configuració d'indicadors precisos per mesurar el grau d'assoliment dels objectius dels districtes d'innovació és un dels principals requisits per garantir el desenvolupament adequat del districte.  Fins i tot quan l'estudi dels districtes d'innovació és un tema cada vegada més estudiat, encara es coneix poc sobre la seva execució, i calen  eines que analitzin i afavoreixin la seva evolució i desenvolupament.  L'objectiu d'aquest document és doble: d'una banda, tracta de recollir i analitzar els indicadors que s'han utilitzat en la literatura per mesurar el grau de maduresa durant el transcurs dels 20 anys d'existència del 22@Barcelona, una àrea d'innovació que va transformar un antic districte industrial en un de coneixement. D'altra banda, guiat per les quatre dimensions de la teoria del Desenvolupament Urbà basat en el Coneixement  i els principals actors que componen l'enfocament de la Triple Hèlix, l’article dissenya un marc d'indicadors en les quatre esferes que formen la regeneració del districte, és a dir, la urbana, econòmica, social i de governança. Com veurem, es proposen un total de 47 indicadors que indiquen per a cadascuna d'elles: l'entorn en el qual s'aplica, l'objectiu principal al qual respon, i l'actor principal amb el major poder d'acció sobre aquest tema.Innovation Districts are rising as the banners of the new urban, economic, and social paradigm and as a solution to the renaissance of inner cities since they expedite the creation and commercialization of new ideas which leverage the city goals and its technologic and economic attributes. The configuration of accurate indicators to measure the degree of achievement of the innovation district goals is one of the main requirements to ensure district proper development. Even when the study of innovation districts is a topic that is increasingly under study, little is still known about the insight, and it is still needed tools that favor their evolution and development. The aim of this paper is two-fold: on the one hand, it seeks to collect and analyze the indicators that have been used in literature to measure the degree of maturity over the course of the 20-year existence of the 22@Barcelona, an area of innovation that transformed an old industrial district into a knowledge-based one. On the other hand, guided by the four dimensions of the Knowledge Base Urban Development theory and the main actors that make up Triple Helix approach, the paper designs a framework of indicators in the four spheres that shape the regeneration of the district, that is, urban, economic, social and governance. As we shall see, a total of 47 indicators are proposed, indicating for each of them: the environment in which it is applied, the main purpose to which it responds, and the main actor with the greatest power of action over it

Multilayer multifunctional advanced coatings for receivers of concentrated solar power plants

International audienceThe extending market of concentrated solar power plants requires high-temperature materials for solar surface receivers that would ideally heat an air coolant beyond 1300 K. This work presents investigation on high-temperature alloys with ceramic coatings (AlN or SiC/AlN stacking) to combine the properties of the substrate (creep resistance, machinability) and of the coating (slow oxidation kinetics, high solar absorptivity). The first results showed that high temperature oxidation resistance and optical properties of metallic alloys were improved by the different coatings. However, the fast thermal shocks led to high stress levels not compatible due to the differences in thermal expansion coefficients

Étude expérimentale et théorique de la mouillabilité du fer solide par des alliages de brasure à base d’argent

Nous avons étudié, par la méthode de la « goutte posée », l’influence de faibles teneurs en éléments d’addition M (où M = Cu, Ni, Sn, Pb) sur la mouillablllté du fer solide par l’argent liquide sous atmosphère d’argon hydrogéné. Les résultats obtenus sont utilisés pour établir des critères thermodynamiques simples permettant de choisir un élément d’addition M susceptible d’améliorer la mouillabilité d’un métal solide A par un métal liquide B

A new method to quantify the leakage scenarios (frequencies andu flowrates) on hydrogen high pressure components

International audienceThis work is part of the MULTHYFUEL E.U. research program [1] aiming at enabling the implementationof hydrogen dispersers in refuelling stations. One important challenge is the severity of accidentsdue to a leakage of hydrogen from a dispenser in the forecourt. The work presented in this paper dealswith the quantification of the leakage scenarios in terms of frequencies and severities.The risk analysis exercise, although performed by experts, showed very large discrepancies betweenthe frequencies of leakages of the same categories and even between the consequences. A large part ofthe disagreement comes from the failure databases chosen as shown in the paper. The mismatch betweenthe components on which the databases have been settled and the actual hydrogen components may beresponsible for this situation. However, as it stands, limited confidence can be laid on the outcome ofthe risk analysis.A new method is being developed to calculate the frequencies of the leakage and the flowrate based onan accurate description of each component and of each hazardous situation. For instance, the possibilityfor a fitting to become untight due to pressure cycling is modelled based on the contact mechanics.Human errors can also be introduced by describing the tasks. In addition of the description of the method,the application to a disperser is proposed with some comparison to experiments. One of the outcomesis that leakage cross sections can be much larger than expected

Materials for very high temperature solar receivers

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Coating and oxidation effect on the thermal radiative properties of Inconel 625, FeCrAlloy and Kanthal Super ER

International audienc

Etude de la tenue à l’oxydation du Kanthal Super ER pour les récepteurs solaires très hautes températures

International audienc

Etude de la tenue à l’oxydation du Kanthal Super ER pour les récepteurs solaires très hautes températures

International audienc

Oxidation and evolution of optical and radiative properties of HT-CVD coated materials

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Roadmap to develop a data-driven city

Cities play a relevant role in economic and social development. According to data from the United Nations, 55% of the global human population lives in cities, amounting to 4.2 billion people. From the same source, we learn that this fraction amounts to 78.5% in more developed countries. On the other hand, cities are estimated to consume 2% of land, generate around 70% of global GDP, and use 60% of global energy. As much of the growth of urban population is coming from less developed cities, it is safe to predict that the weight of cities in the global social landscape will increase in the coming years.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version