Improving Wireless Physical Layer Security Using Constant Envelope Chirped OFDM

This research article published by Springer Nature Switzerland AG., 2017The broadcasting nature of wireless communication creates challenges in attaining secure communication. Different approaches have been implemented to increase security in wireless communication with physical layer security being affordable choices as it attains secure communication with the same throughput and easily integrated with higher level security measures. Different physical characteristics of wireless channels can be exploited to implement physical layer security and in our research channel attenuation between transmitter and receiver were used. To provide cost effective and secure wireless communication we used constant envelope chirped OFDM (CE-chirped OFDM) with its subcarriers dynamically arranged based on the wireless channel response between the transmitter and a legal receiver. The security is further increasing by assigning identification number for each transmitter–receiver pair and the identifications numbers are boost arrangement of the subcarriers and increase system security. Different simulations were conducted and the simulations shows increase of system security when wireless channel attenuation of CE chirped OFDM is used to secure the communication between transmitter and legal receiver with the same symbol error rate as convectional OFDM and chirped OFDM

Towards interoperable e-Health system in Tanzania: analysis and evaluation of the current security trends and big data sharing dynamics

This research article published by the International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration (IJATEE), Volume-6 Issue-59 October-2019In this paper an insight on various e-health interoperable systems was reviewed to discover strengths and challenges faced during sustainable implementation. It covered local, national and regional coverage of integrated systems towards implementation of a single unified e-health system. Peer reviewed and grey literatures were consulted to discover global and local trend and efforts towards implementations of e-health interoperable systems. The available systems and frameworks from the European Union, Asia, America, Oceania and Africa were analyzed for their strengths and challenges. Various policies, guides as well as free and proprietary standards associated with e-health interoperability was reviewed to understand the common standards adopted by the majority of existing systems. The findings of the analysis are useful for policy makers on the best ways to implement interoperable systems in developing countries by focusing on the existing infrastructures and the environment. Similarly, the strengths and challenges encountered by interoperable systems were also examined to provide recommendations for future studies

A Survey of Road Accident Reporting and Driver’s Behavior Awareness Systems: The Case of Tanzania

This research article published by Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2020,Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. It has been shown that road accident reporting systems could reduce their effects by minimizing response time and mapping road accident-prone areas. This paper provides an overview of the systems and applications for road accident reporting and drivers’ behavior awareness. A field survey, conducted in Dar es Salaam region in Tanzania, investigated the current state of road traffic accident reporting. Findings showed that the main means of reporting road accidents were physical reporting and police emergency phone calls. The absence of alternative means for reporting road accidents causes information delay and lack of precise accident location for the emergency first responders. This paper concludes by proposing a mobile application system for road accident reporting and drivers’ over-speed a

Adoption of ICT enabled extension support system for vegetable crop production among small holder farmers: a case of Tanzania

This research article published by the International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration (IJATEE), 2019The study focuses on farmers adoption to ICT enabled systems for managing vegetable cropping activities. It ranges on how farmers use technological devices to the acquiring of information through extension support systems. A total of 150 small holder farmers of three regions from three main horticultural zones in Tanzania was randomly selected from vegetable crop farmers and 30 agronomists from different areas across the country. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed by tableau platform. In order to fulfill the focus described above. The findings depicted that a number of farmers had previous experience on the use technological devices but not so familiar with ICT enabled extension support systems for helping them to acquire data on best weather condition and requirements for their vegetable crop production, moreover small holder farmers and agronomist still believe that it's useful and beneficial for the implementation of ICT enabled extension support systems

Towards Data Exchange between Health Information System and Insurance Claims Management System

This research article published by Modern Education and Computer Science Press, 2019The advancement of technology observed today has led to the development of many Health Information Systems (HIS) which are cost-effective, reliable, scalable and flexible. Moreover, integrated Health Information System (iHIS) plays a crucial role in the dissemination of information, which helps in decision-making. The care2x HIS in Tanzania does not have a module for exchanging data between Care2x HIS and the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) claims management system. The absence of this module in Care2x has resulted into long waiting time for a patient, inaccuracy of the data submitted in claim forms, the consumption of time when processing claims, delay in processing payment and the high costs incurred in printing claims forms. In this paper, we used both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather the requirements for the development of the module. Interviews, questionnaire and document review were employed in data collection. The requirements were gathered with the help of 12 practitioners and one Information Technology (IT) specialist from NHIF headquarters. The results showed that the integration of the data exchange module is very potential in solving the present challenges. The data exchange module between Care2x HIS and NHIF Claims management System will increase the accuracy of claims submitted and reduce the cost for printing claims forms and time spent in filling and processing claims

A Survey of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems for Government Projects in Tanzania: A Case of Health Projects

This research article published by Modern Education and Computer Science Press, 2020Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system are used across the world by organizations or governments to track progress, measure and evaluate outcomes of projects. Organizations can improve their performance, effectiveness and achieving results in project success by strengthening their monitoring and evaluation systems. Moreover, various studies reveal the need for information and communication technology systems in monitoring and evaluation activities because most of the government organizations do not employ computerized monitoring and evaluation systems and those having these systems lack a systematic early informing mechanism of the projects' progress. Currently, the Ministry of Health in Tanzania monitors and evaluates its projects manually, due to this, they face the risks and challenges during the implementation of projects because of a lack of having timely adoption of remedial action. Monitoring and evaluation staffs spent a lot of time in manual work, manual compilation of data, due to data being in separate systems, delay in submission of data, data is lost between primary registries to monthly summaries, from monthly to quarterly summaries, system does not contain all details about projects/program as well as budget information, no early alert information about the status of the project, poor information sharing among stakeholder. In this study, we collect representative data from three monitoring and evaluation staff, four ICT staff and five project members by using interviews, focus group discussion and document review. The result showed that the electronic monitoring and evaluation system will solve a presented challenge. Development of a web-based monitoring and evaluation system for the ministry of health projects will provides timely, accurate information, that for tracking the implementation progress of projects improved monitoring and evaluation

An ICT Based Solution for Pesticides Authenticity Verification: A Case of Tanzania

This research article published by Modestum, 2018Pesticides authenticity is important for human health and environmental protection also economic progress of users, dealers and the government benefits through levies. In order to ensure that authentic pesticides are sold in Tanzania, laws have been enacted and government bodies given mandate to enforce these laws. Despite the efforts, counterfeits are found in markets. Companies that spend a lot in research so as to produce authentic pesticides products end up losing hope as no substantial return in investment. This study targets on an ICT based solution for pesticides authenticity verification in the market which is a case study of Arusha region. In order to prove the need for the solution, literature review has been done and presentation of data gathered from the identified three groups of pesticides stakeholders, which are regulatory authority, registrants/formulators/importers and users preferably farmers all from Arusha region. The findings from the collected data reveals that, despite high awareness on availability of counterfeit pesticides among respondents, still most of them declared to have been buying counterfeits. Hence, there is a need of more reliable ICT based solution to help pesticides users in authenticity verification of products during purchase

Embedding Stock Tracking Module into Electronic Fiscal Device Machine and its Management System to Reduce Tax Evasion: A case of Tanzania

This research article published by the International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business(IJIEEB), Vol.11, No.5, 2019The Electronic Fiscal Device (EFD) Machines have been operating in Tanzania since the year 2010 for the purpose of helping the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) to increase revenues from tax collection. Regard-less of years of its existence, there are still reported cases of tax evasion, and this study was conducted to review the current tax collection system and analyze require-ments for the development of Stock Tracking Module (STM) to be embedded in the current tax collection sys-tem. This paper earmarked some problems relating to Electronic Fiscal Device Machine Management System (EFDMS) and EFD machine. Data collection was done in Kilimanjaro and Arusha, the two regions of Tanzania that involved tax officers and Information Technology (IT) personnel from TRA and drug traders. Data collection process involved both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data for the development of the system Stock Tracking Module (STM) such as interview, questionnaire, role-playing and observation. The major findings of the study: The efficiency of the EFDMS is at average, thus, need some improvements. The major problems encountered by TRA are; under declaration of sales by traders, non-usage of EFD machines, usage of fake EFD, overestimate of expenses, division of business and conducting business in unknown areas. The proposed solution will reduce the existing challenges and increase revenue collections, reduce manual work and human resource, and improve accuracy on tax estimation process

Heuristic Evaluation and Usability Testing of G-MoMo Applications

Financial technology (FinTech) has swiftly revolutionized mobile money as one of the ways of accessing financial services in developing countries. Numerous mobile money applications were developed to access mobile money services but are hindered by severe authentication security challenges, thus, forcing the researchers to design a secure multi-factor authentication (MFA) algorithm for mobile money applications. Three prototypes of native mobile money applications (G-MoMo applications) were developed to confirm that the algorithm provides high security and is feasible. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the usability of the G-MoMo applications using heuristic evaluation and usability testing to identify potential usability issues and provide recommendations for improvement. Heuristic evaluation and usability testing methods were used to evaluate the G-MoMo applications. The heuristic evaluation was carried out by five experts that used the 10 principles proposed by Jakob Nielsen with a five-point severity rating scale to identify the usability problems. While the usability testing was conducted with forty participants selected using a purposive sampling method to validate the usability of the G-MoMo applications by performing tasks and filling out the post-test questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed in RStudio software. Sixty-three usability issues were identified during heuristic evaluation, where 33 were minor and 30 were major. The most violated heuristic items were “help and documentation”, and “user control and freedom”, while the least violated heuristic items were “aesthetic and minimalist design” and “visibility of system status”. The usability testing findings revealed that the G-MoMo applications’ performance proved good in learnability, effectiveness, efficiency, memorability, and errors. It also provided user satisfaction, ease of use, aesthetics, usefulness, integration, and understandability. Therefore, it was highly recommended that the developers of G-MoMo applications fix the identified usability problems to make the applications more reliable and increase overall user satisfaction.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Agro-Meteorological data Collection using a LoRaWAN-Based IoTSensor Network

This research article was published by the International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2022Generally, the variation of meteorological conditions has a significant influence on the agriculture sector in general. In Tanzania, the study conducted in 2015 found most of the existing automatic meteorological stations are not working, and the surveyed manual meteorological stations record meteorological data in the cards daily, but cards are sent in a month to month time interval to the respective organs, this makesthe concept of early warning difficult. Therefore having near-real-time meteorological data will enable the crop monitoring and forecasting systems to monitor crop development and provide early warning to the farmers and the government. The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) offers possibilities for developing an integrated sensors network to collect meteorological data on a near-real-time basis. In this study, the developed integrated sensor network includes sensors, which record remote meteorological data such as rainfall, humidity and temperature, a communicationnetwork, and a web application thatenhance data visualization in both graphical and tabular format. In the communication system, the LoRa technology was used, which is more preferable compared to other Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies such as NB-IoT and Sigfox for this application. The developed system uses the LoRa Gateway Operating system which provides capabilities to build a private network, and make it more cost-efficient by reducing the operation cost for account subscription, in online platforms such as The Things Network (TTN), ThingPark, ThingSpeak, and Loriot to avoid free accounts limitations. Moreover, the developed system can work in remote areas with limited Internet access as the meteorological stations can communicate with the gateway at a distance of up to 25km