Representation of transport: A Rural Destination Analysis

Moscovici’s social representations perspective is applied to a study of transport in a rural destination. The principles are demonstrated using empirical data from a questionnaire survey, developed following in-depth qualitative research. The data analysis strategy was founded on inductive reasoning, by employing cluster analysis and correspondence analysis. A social representations analysis demonstrates how individuals draw on socially accepted explanations of transport where they have little or no direct knowledge or experience of the actual transport modes (notably the alternatives to the car). By so doing, ideas are further perpetuated. Importantly there is ambiguity surrounding responsibility to take positive action yet a key to addressing transport issues is acknowledgement of responsibility. Keywords: social representations, transport, rural destinations

A Study of the Career Salience, Marriage/Family Plans and Sex-role Identity of Twelfth Grade Girls in Vocational and Academic Programs as Determinants of Vocational Choice

This research study will attempt to answer the following questions concerning senior girls at Poquoson High School: 1. Is there a significant difference in career salience of students in vocational programs and those in college preparatory programs? 2. Is there a significant difference in marriage/family plans of students in vocational programs and those in college preparatory programs? 3. Is there a significant difference in the sex-role identity of students in vocational programs and those in college preparatory programs

Transport and travel in a fragile rural tourist destination: a social representations perspective of residents' and visitors' mobility patterns.

It is a well established fact that visitors to rural destinations in the UK and other parts of Europe are highly car dependent. This car dependency has resulted in a variety of initiatives intended to tackle the associated undesirable consequences. While there are some success stories, the negative impacts of transport still pervade for residents and visitors in many destination areas. Few studies address the social assumptions that underlie travel behaviour decisions. When Moscovici's social representations theory is employed it suggests that we should develop and draw on shared perceptions, or theories, of the world around us in order to interpret our behaviour. Social representations theory offers a dynamic approach to understanding how social conceptions shape our understanding of transport and travel behaviour. This approach brings in a theoretical perspective that has been absent from tourism and local transport literature and is largely absent from the wider transport debate. The aim of the study was to enhance the understanding of tourism and leisure mobility in a rural tourism context by applying social representations theory. A case study approach was employed to provide an in-depth investigation of the transport issues in a fragile tourism destination area: Purbeck, Dorset, UK. The study includes exploratory research to define the important value concepts for the population in the study area relating to transport and tourism, followed by an examination of travel patterns and travel behaviour of visitors to the area through the use of a travel diary. Finally, a questionnaire survey was undertaken with visitors at various attractions in the area. A social representations perspective demonstrates the importance of examining the social reality and the social processes that underlie people's decision making. The findings indicate that there are pervasive representations of tourism and transport forming a socially constructed consensus which shapes views of transport and tourism. While the study shows that people would like public transport to be improved, this is essentially an idealised representation and an idea perpetuated by a public that makes little use of public transport and has little intention of leaving the car behind. Arguably, people have developed a social construction of how to deal with transport problems whereby the failure of public transport reinforces the existing situation of high car use and there is little attempt to restrict car use. This study challenges this strategy and discusses practical implications for managing mobility in sensitive rural destinations

The role of mobile applications in the consumer experience at music festivals.

The ubiquitous capability of smartphones and their rapid uptake among music festival attendees indicates the potential for mobile applications as a tool within this environment. As a result, many organisers are choosing to develop festival specific apps designed to enhance the user experience. Based on a review of festival apps and focus groups with festival attendees, this article analyses the role of mobile apps in relation to festival consumer experiential needs. Analysis indicates a need for more consumer focused app interfaces that pay close attention to the event anticipation experience, scheduling capabilities before and during the festival and personalisation options to enhance ‘presence’. At a practical level, mobile charging facilities are vital at festivals to enable app use

Tourists’ representations of coastal managed realignment as a climate change adaptation strategy.

In coastal destinations climate change adaptation is needed to address coastal erosion due to a combination of sea level rise and more frequent extreme weather events leading to loss of natural features and tourism infrastructure. Managed realignment is increasingly adopted as a strategy to address coastal change; however, this has often proved a contentious strategy with stakeholder groups. This study explores tourists' representational framework of managed realignment and how this frames understanding of the concept, understanding of how coastal resources might change and implications for future visitation. Data compiled using a questionnaire adopted a social representations theory perspective to analyse how collective tourists’ ideas may serve to mobilise the public in various ways. In general tourists have a poor understanding of managed realignment anchored to historic coastal management strategies and contextualised by use values with consequent implications for tourism planning and coastal management decision making

Planning Approaches to Achieve a More Sustainable Travel Industry for Tourism in the UK - a Case Study

Transport is tourism's largest contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the UK domestic tourism is dominated by car. The UK government is committed to a decrease in carbon emissions and to growing its tourism industry simultaneously. This paper explores the potential conflicts between the transport and tourism policy objectives and evaluates current policies. One obvious approach is to achieve a modal shift away from car to more sustainable public transport. The National Trust operates a large number of tourist attractions in the UK and has attempted to reduce the share of arrivals by car. The paper uses a large sample of visitors to National Trust properties as a case study to measure modal share and identify recent trends. The paper identifies those factors which have the greatest impact on modal choice and evaluates the effectiveness of policies aimed at achieving modal shift. The paper concludes with a discussion outlining the need for a co-ordinated, integrated approach to tourism mobility, highlighting the limitations arising from stakeholders, such as visitor attractions, operating in isolation

Understanding temporal rhythms and travel behaviour at destinations: Potential ways to achieve more sustainable travel

This paper analyses the roles played by time in destination-based travel behaviour. It contrasts clock time's linear view of time with fragmented time, instantaneous time, fluid time and flow, time out and the multiple temporalities of tourism experiences. It explores temporal issues in a destination travel context, using qualitative techniques. Data were captured using diary photography, diary-interview method with tourists at a rural destination; their spatial and temporal patterns were captured using a purpose built smartphone app. The analysis revealed three temporal themes influencing travel behaviour: time fluidity; daily and place-related rhythms; and control of time. Three key messages emerge for future sustainable tourist destination-based travel systems. Given the strong desire for temporal fluidity, transport systems should evolve beyond clock-time regimes. Second, temporal forces favour personal modes of transport (car, walk, cycle), especially in rural areas where public transport cannot offer flexibility. Third, the car is personalised and perceived to optimise travel fluidity and speed, but is currently unsustainable. Imaginative initiatives, using new mobile media technology can offer new positive and proactive car travel, utilising spare public and private vehicle capacity. Research is needed to implement mechanisms for individualised space-time scheduling and collective vehicle use strategies. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Sixth Sense Transport : Challenges in Supporting Flexible Time Travel

In this paper, we consider the challenges associated with providing a mobile computing system that helps users enjoy a more flexible relationship between time and travel. Current travel plans, especially in Western cultures, are dominated by a strict notion of time. The need to conform to schedules leads to increased pressures for travellers and inefficiencies when these schedules cannot be met. We are interested in exploring the extent to which mobile computing can be used to help travellers relax these schedules and adopt a more opportunistic approach to travel – potentially helping to reduce the environmental, financial and societal costs of modern travel