Migratory timing in southern right whales on their breeding grounds: What are the key factors stimulating migration?

Migrations are key events in the annual life cycle for many animal species, including baleen whales. Despite having some of the longest migrations among mammals, relatively little is known about what triggers migration behaviour in baleen whales, and how intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence the timing of migrations. This study investigated the timing of migration in southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) and whether the probability of departure of individuals from winter breeding and calving grounds is determined by intrinsic (maternal body condition and calf size) or extrinsic variables (day length, temperature). Unmanned aerial vehicles were used to record data on the body size (length and width) of right whale mother and calves between the June 24 and September 25, 2016, providing repeated measurements of 40 mother-calf pairs. I used the time interval between sightings of individuals to determine the departure date of whales from the breeding grounds. Generalised linear models were used to determine which variable (maternal body condition, calf size, day length and sea surface temperature) was the best predictor of the departure time of the whales from the breeding grounds. Diurnal period was found to be the best predictor of migration for southern right whales, followed by calf size (i.e. body volume and length), sea surface temperature and maternal body condition. Hence it seems like migration in this population of right whales is determined by calves reaching a large enough body size to facilitate migration, rather than mothers pushing themselves energetically to their lower limit. Apart from improving our understanding of migratory behaviour in large whales, the findings of this study will help determine residency times of southern right whales on their breeding and calving grounds, which can be used to identify key times for protection (e.g. temporary exclusion periods for fisheries) during the winter breeding and calving season

When Does a Cyber Crime Become an Act of Cyber Warfare

Since the existence of the online world, cyber attacks have been a threat. As the online world has developed and evolved so have the attacks on them. The advancement of technology has meant the advancement and increased complexity of cyber attacks. Cyber attacks can be broken into two categories. The first is cyber crimes, and the second is cyber warfare. The difference between these two is not black and white, but rather a very murky grey. There is no agreed upon definitive line that separates cyber attacks and cyber crimes. This is because the definitions are so eerily similar, and there is not any agreement within the legal realm for when a cyber crime becomes an act of cyber warfare. While it is easy to identify a cyber crime, it is significantly harder to identify when that cyber crime becomes cyber warfare. The question that must be answered is at what point does a cyber crime become cyber warfare

Boundary Violations: Character& Contexts

This item is only available electronically.Likely the most well-known of its kind, Gabbard’s (1994) taxonomy of sexual transgressing therapeutic practitioners includes; the impulsive and exploitative Predatory Practitioner; the older, disillusioned Lovesick Practitioner; and the vulnerable, self-sacrificing Masochistic- Surrendering Practitioner. These categories were formulated through clinical observation, and the extent to which they reflect the actual occurrence of sexual boundary violations is unclear. This narrative review sought empirical studies which have reported findings relevant to Gabbard’s taxonomy. In addition, each category was considered from an original perspective, drawing from a broader range of philosophic and psychodynamic commentaries. Quantitative evidence was found to be generally consistent with Gabbard’s descriptions, although despite its widespread reference, no instance was found where an empirical study had used the taxonomy as a framework for hypothesis testing. This review concludes on the observed gulf between the qualitative and quantitative contributions to the topic of boundary violations and argues for new research attempting to unify them.Thesis (M.Psych(Clinical)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 201

Course Corrections: Experts Offer Solutions to the College Cost Crisis

Compiles essays offering creative solutions to control soaring college costs by improving institutional practices, state and federal policies, and collaborations between the two. Examples include outsourcing, re-designing curricula, and tax credits

The Missouri Department of Community Affairs : a politico-administrative analysis

Includes vita.The State of Missouri established, in 1967, a high- level administrative department to deal with urban problems, one of only seven such agencies on the departmental level in state administrative structures in the United States. This study is focused on the Missouri Department of Community Affairs. It is the central thesis herein that the Missouri Department of Community Affairs, a new and developing bureaucratic institution, underwent an adaptive process of accommodation and response to political stimuli that forced the Department into a facilitative, rather than an innovative role in urban affairs. Due to practical, political considerations, moreover, there has resulted a shift in emphasis from initial, expressed concern for predominantly metro-urban problems to concern for problems of rural units of government. Thus the phenomenon known in the literature of organization theory as "goal displacement" has taken place. The shifting of goals is noted first in the "urban posture" of the incumbent Governor and is intensified by administrative action designed to build organizational bases of support. A few words about the methodology of this study would seem to be in order. An eclectic approach, employing both conventional modes of administrative analysis as well as extensive interviews with the politico-administrative actors was deemed necessary to make the study relevant to widespread public concerns. Efforts were made to delineate the perceptions of Departmental leaders and to probe the attitudes of certain external clientele groups. The appropriate interview schedules are included in the Appendixes. The study has been guided throughout by certain propositions of organization theory relating to organizational survival. Anthony Downs, Philip Selznick, Amitai Etzioni, Burton R. Clark, Norton E. Long, and J. Leiper Freeman, are among those who have served as sensitizing agents, alerting the author to the possibilities and probabilities of bureaucratic behavior. While this is primarily an administrative case study and analysis, it is recognized that, for such studies to be more widely relevant, they should relate to broader questions of the political process. For this reason, the present study undertakes to (1) relate the Missouri experience to the larger process of intergovernmental relations; (2) compare the particular administrative operation with similar agencies in the American states which have them; (3) relate the particular administrative operation to broader questions of organization theory; and (4) infer generalizations from this study which may suggest further research into administrative response to political stimuli. The first chapter is devoted to an analysis of why Missouri and some sixteen other American states have established agencies for dealing with urban affairs. Chapter Two presents a comparative analysis and categorization of the seventeen existing state agencies for urban affairs. With particular reference to the Missouri experience, Chapter Three examines the thrust for establishment of the Department of Community Affairs, and the formal organizational structure of that Department is presented in the fourth chapter. Chapter Five reviews the perceptions of Department officials and others in connection with the central thesis. The sixth chapter analyzes perceptions of the Department held by its major clientele groups, with an in-depth analysis of city manager attitudes. A summary and conclusions of the author are found in the final chapter.Includes bibliographical references

catena-Poly[[[aqua­(pyrazino­[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline-κ2 N 8,N 9)zinc(II)]-μ-penta­nedioato] monohydrate]

In the title compound, {[Zn(C5H6O4)(C14H8N4)(H2O)]·H2O}n, the Zn2+ ion is coordinated by an N,N′-bidentate pyrazino­[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline (pyphen) ligand, a water molecule and a monodentate glutarate (glu) dianion. A symmetry-generated O:O′-bidentate glu dianion completes a distorted cis-ZnN2O4 octa­hedral coordination geometry for the metal ion. The bridging glu species generates [110] polymeric chains in the crystal. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving both the coordinated and uncoordinated water mol­ecules help to consolidate the structure and neighbouring pyphen units inter­act through numerous aromatic π–π inter­actions [minimum centroid–centroid separation = 3.654 (3) Å], resulting in a two-dimensional network

No Quick Fix, Analysis of Organisation; An exploration of a mismatch between business management and the individual

Business management includes a quick fix type of practice that promotes programatic shortcuts applied to individuals in an attempt to produce immediate business results. These quick fixes are adopted and abandoned with changes to time, industry, or culture. Despite the promise of the quick fix, the individual worker can be unaffected or even disaffected by attempted changes. This thesis looks at quick fix practice and the assumptions made about the individual. It is these assumptions that drive the programs aimed at modifying behaviour in order to increase work effort and meet business objectives. Looking at the assumptions that underlie the quick fix practice of business management, this thesis compares them to a sample of individuals to assess their accuracy. A repertory grid methodology is used to generate unconscious content from the internal world of the individual. An internal world that reflects the individual’s experience at work. It is the unconscious phantasies in this internal world that shape the actions of individuals. Psychoanalysis is the framework used to interpret the unconscious content to determine if the unconscious of the individual is a mismatch with the practice of quick fix business management

The Texas Cotton Trade During the Civil War

"This study deals primarily with the technical aspects of the cotton trade, examining the extent and nature of the trade, the activities of the state and Confederate governments to control cotton, and the specific problems of transportation. The concluding chapter, however, is devoted to the cotton economy in perspective, giving special attention to the financial aspects of buying and selling cotton and to the contribution of the cotton trade to Texas and the Trans-Mississippi Confederacy."--leaves iv-v

Palaeolakes on Mars: geomorphology and hydrology at the planetary dichotomy

Hundreds of ancient palaeolakes have been identified on Mars, indicating widespread aqueous processes and potentially habitable conditions, with global catalogues constraining past climatic conditions and hydrological processes, and local studies characterising lacustrine processes and shifting conditions over time. The goal of this thesis is to characterise the hydrological setting of the planetary dichotomy during the Noachian and Hesperian, and link high-resolution local studies into regional and global trends in an effort to bridge the gaps between disparate scales. Arabia Terra has few documented palaeolakes, and is bounded to the north east by the planetary dichotomy, presenting the dual opportunity to investigate: palaeolakes in an underrepresented area of the planet; and the nature of a globally significant hydrological and morphological boundary. The initial research of this thesis is centred on two fluvio-lacustrine systems which terminate at the dichotomy: the first representing a previously unknown chain of palaeolakes, allowing a wide scope for novel observations; and the second, in the area of Oxia Planum, the landing site of the upcoming ExoMars rover mission, allowing a comparison and integration of findings with existing studies. Building on the results and methods of these detailed studies, the final research expands the study area to encompass the wider region, to compile a comprehensive catalogue of fluvial and lacustrine features. Analysis and correlation of multiple, temporally distinct palaeolake fill levels within individual palaeolake basins indicates a complex and prolonged hydrological history in the area, and catalogued palaeolakes allowed the delineation of drainage catchments representative of ancient Arabia Terra, revealing regional drainage patterns strongly controlled by impact crater basins, and semi-arid climatic conditions. Due to these constraints, only a limited number of highland drainage catchments are sources for closed-basin palaeolakes in the lowlands, with the majority of palaeolake systems terminating within deep sinks in the highlands