126 research outputs found
Heat and mass transfer across phase boundaries: Estimates of coupling coefficients
Heat and mass transport across phase boundaries are central in many engineering problems. The systematic description offered by classical non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory, when extended to surfaces, gives the interaction between the two fluxes in terms of coupling coefficients. It is shown in this paper that these coupling coefficients are large. The few experimental and computational results that are available confirm this. Neglect of coupling coefficients, which is common in most models for surface transport, may lead to errors in the heat flux. We present values for the coupling coefficient in a one-component system in terms of the heat of transfer, as obtained from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, kinetic theory and the integrated non-equilibrium van der Waals' square gradient mode
Heat and mass transfer across phase boundaries: Estimates of coupling coefficients
Heat and mass transport across phase boundaries are central in many engineering problems. The systematic description offered by classical non-equilibrium thermodynamics theory, when extended to surfaces, gives the interaction between the two fluxes in terms of coupling coefficients. It is shown in this paper that these coupling coefficients are large. The few experimental and computational results that are available confirm this. Neglect of coupling coefficients, which is common in most models for surface transport, may lead to errors in the heat flux. We present values for the coupling coefficient in a one-component system in terms of the heat of transfer, as obtained from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, kinetic theory and the integrated non-equilibrium van der Waals' square gradient model
Non-isothermal transport of multi-phase fluids in porous media. The entropy production
We derive the entropy production for transport of multi-phase fluids in a
non-deformable, porous medium exposed to differences in pressure, temperature,
and chemical potentials. Thermodynamic extensive variables on the macro-scale
are obtained by integrating over a representative elementary volume (REV).
Using Euler homogeneity of the first order, we obtain the Gibbs equation for
the REV. From this we define the intensive variables, the temperature, pressure
and chemical potentials and, using the balance equations, derive the entropy
production for the REV. The entropy production defines sets of independent
conjugate thermodynamic fluxes and forces in the standard way. The transport of
two-phase flow of immiscible components is used to illustrate the equations.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, Talk at Interpore, New Orleans, 201
Non-isothermal transport of multi-phase fluids in porous media. Constitutive equations
We develop constitutive equations for multi-component, multi-phase,
macro-scale flow in a porous medium exposed to temperature-, composition-, and
pressure -gradients. The porous medium is non-deformable. We define the
pressure and the composition of the representative elementary volume (REV) in
terms of the volume and surface averaged pressure and the saturation, and the
respective driving forces from these variables. New contributions due to
varying porosity or surface tension offer explanations for non-Darcy behavior.
The interaction of a thermal and mechanical driving forces give thermal
osmosis. An experimental program is suggested to verify Onsager symmetry in the
transport coefficients.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure
Nanothermodynamic description and molecular simulation of a single-phase fluid in a slit pore
We describe the thermodynamic state of a highly confined single-phase and
single-component fluid in a slit pore using Hill's thermodynamics of small
systems. This theory was more recently named nanothermodynamics. We start by
constructing an ensemble of slit pores for controlled temperature, volume,
surface area, and chemical potential. We present the integral and differential
properties according to Hill, and use them to define the disjoining pressure.
We identify all thermodynamic pressures by their mechanical counterparts in a
consistent manner, and investigate the identification by molecular dynamics
simulations. We define and compute the disjoining pressure, and show that it
contains the standard definition. We compute the entropy and energy densities,
and find in agreement with the literature, that the forces at the wall are of
an energetic, not entropic nature. The subdivision potential is zero for this
slit pore with large walls, but unequal to zero for related sets of control
variables. We show how Hill's method can be used to find new Maxwell relations
of a confined fluid, in addition to a scaling relation, which applies when the
walls are separated far enough. By this expansion of nanothermodynamics, we set
the stage for further developments of the thermodynamics of confined fluids, a
field that is central in nanotechnology.Comment: 10 figures, 26 page
Ensemble Distribution for Immiscible Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media
We construct an ensemble distribution to describe steady immiscible two-phase
flow of two incompressible fluids in a porous medium. The system is found to be
ergodic. The distribution is used to compute macroscopic flow parameters. In
particular, we find an expression for the overall mobility of the system from
the ensemble distribution. The entropy production at the scale of the porous
medium is shown to give the expected product of the average flow and its
driving force, obtained from a black-box description. We test numerically some
of the central theoretical results.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figure
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