Effects of Seed Proportion and Planting Pattern on Dry Matter Yield, Compatibility and Nutritive Value of Panicum coloratum and Stylosanthes guianensis Mixtures under Bako Condition, Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Panicum coloratum (PC) and Stylosanthes guianensis (SG) mixed pasture was established to assess the effect of seed proportion and planting pattern on Dry Matter Yield (DMY), compatibility and nutrient content of the mixed stand. Seeds of PC and SG were mixed as 50%PC+50% SG and 25% PC+75% SG and sown in same row, alternate row and broad casting  pattern. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to layout the experiment. The 50%PC+50%SG proportion resulted in significantly (p<0.01) higher DMY for PC (p<0.0001) while the 75%  SG+25%PC mixture resulted in significantly higher DMY of SG (p<0.0001). For PC and SG, and total herbage yield, an alternate row planting pattern gave significantly highest (p<0.0001) yield, followed by broadcasting. Planting along the same row resulted in inferior values (p<0.0001) for all parameters, which perhaps is induced by the severity of competition between species. The RY (Relative Yield), LER (Land Equivalent Ratio),and CR (Competitive Ratio) values also imply similar trends for DMY of the component species. The legume DMY steadily increased from first to third year for the 75% SG+25% PC proportion. It can thus be concluded that the 50%PC+50SG proportion sown in alternate pattern was favorable for DMY in PC whereas the 25%PC+ 75%SG proportion combined with alternate rowpattern was appropriate for the legume. Intercropping SG into PC sward at 25%PC+75%SG mixed proportions also improved the CP content, IVDMD and reduced NDF content

Analysis of the phenomenon of speculative trading in one of its basic manifestations: postage stamp bubbles

We document and analyze the empirical facts concerning one of the clearest evidence of speculation in financial trading as observed in the postage collection stamp market. We unravel some of the mechanisms of speculative behavior which emphasize the role of fancy and collective behavior. In our conclusion, we propose a classification of speculative markets based on two parameters, namely the amplitude of the price peak and a second parameter that measures its ``sharpness''. This study is offered to anchor modeling efforts to realistic market constraints and observations.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures and 2 tables, in press in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Feed Intake, Digestibility and Growth Performance of Horro Lambs Fed Natural Pasture Hay Supplemented Graded Level of Vernonia amygdalina Leaves and Sorghum Grain Mixture

No Abstract

Carcass Yield and Quality of Pork from Pigs Fed Graded Levels of Fig (Ficus sur) Fruits Mixed with Maize Grain

Twenty growing Yorkshire piglets of 27.8±1.4kg (mean ± SD) average initial weight were used to investigate the effect of feeding different proportions of ground Ficus sur fruits (FSF) mixed with ground maize grain (MG) on carcass yield and quality attributes. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments and five replications per treatment. The treatment diets were: 100% FSF and 0%MG represented as (100FSF), 67% FSF and 33% MG (67FSF), 33% FSF and 67% MG (33FSF) and 0% FSF and 100% MG (0FSF). For all treatments protein supplement (NSC+SBM) was given to provide about 18% CP to make the ration isonitrogenous. Except for the slaughter weight, which significantly (P<0.05) increased with increase in MG level in the diets, all other carcass measurements and primal cuts did not differ (P>0.05) among the treatments. However, lungs (P=0.012) and gastro intestinal tract (GIT) (P=0.001) among the viscera organs were varied. None of the quality attributes of the pork significantly differed (P>0.05) in color, taste, flavor, juiciness, tenderness and texture among the treatments. This indicates that similar quality pork can be produced by feeding FSF as those fed with MG. It is, therefore, concluded that substitution of MG with FSFs in the diets of pigs can result in comparable carcass yield and quality attributes

Karakteristik Biopelet Berdasarkan Komposisi Serbuk Batang Kelapa Sawit dan Arang Kayu Laban dengan Jenis Perekat sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Terbarukan

The research aims to evaluate the quality of biopellets made from different composition of the oilpalm trunk powder and Laban wood charcoal with different type of adhesive. The composition consist of 25% oilpalm powder : 75% Laban wood charcoal; 50% oilpalm powder: 50% Laban wood charcoal; 75% oilpalm powder : 25% Laban wood charcoal; 100% oilpalm powder respectively. The adhesives used are tapioca flour and sago flour. The research used completely factorial randomized design, which consists of eight combination treatment with 3 replications. The material was mixed manually and biopellets produced with meat mincer in home scale with size 2 cm long and diameter 0.4 cm. Biopelet then dry in oven for 24 hour with temperature 600C-700C. The quality of biopelet was evaluate according to SNI 8021 : 2014. The result of research showed that the average values of water content of biopellets was range between 6.91% - 9.98%; the average values of ash content was range between 1.02% - 1.69%; the average values of volatile matter content was range between 38.36% - 71.93%; the average values of fixed carbon content was range between 26.45% - 59.97% and the average values of calor was range between 3719,67(cal/g) 5944,33 (cal/g). The composition of oilpalm and Laban wood charcoal and type of adhesives was significantly affected the calor value of biopellets. Meanwhile the other values such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content and fixed carbon content was not significant. The quality of biopellets can fulfill the SNI 8021 : 2014 standard, except on ash content. The best biopellets was achieved on composition 25% oil palm trunk powder : 75% Laban wood charcoal with adhesive tapioca. Keywords : Biopellets, Laban wood, Oilpalm trunk, tapioca, sag

Quantum work statistics at strong reservoir coupling

Calculating the stochastic work done on a quantum system while strongly coupled to a reservoir is a formidable task, requiring the calculation of the full eigenspectrum of the combined system and reservoir. Here we show that this issue can be circumvented by using a polaron transformation that maps the system into a new frame where weak-coupling theory can be applied. It is shown that the work probability distribution is invariant under this transformation, allowing one to compute the full counting statistics of work at strong reservoir coupling. Crucially this polaron approach reproduces the Jarzynski fluctuation theorem, thus ensuring consistency with the laws of stochastic thermodynamics. We apply our formalism to a system driven across the Landau-Zener transition, where we identify clear signatures in the work distribution arising from a non-negligible coupling to the environment. Our results provide a new method for studying the stochastic thermodynamics of driven quantum systems beyond Markovian, weak-coupling regimes.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, comments welcom

Kualitas Papan Komposit Batang Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) Dan Limbah Plastik Polipropilena Berbagai Variasi Rasio Dan Penambahan Maleic Anhydrid Composite Boards From Oil Palm Trunks (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) and Polypropylene Plastic Waste In

Wood is a basic requirement in the industrial activity. while timber production decreased so that required an efficient utilization of wood. The solution to overcome this problem is the use of waste oil palm trunk in the form of composite board. On the other hand, the plastic needs continue to increase. Plastic is a material consisting of artificial inorganic chemicals are quite harmful to the environment so it is necessary to increase the value of plastic. In the process of making this composite board using maleic anhydride (MAH) in order to improve the bonding between the fibers. This study aims to determine the quality of the composite board made from oil palm trunk (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) and polypropylene plastic waste on some variation of the ratio and the percentage of maleic anhydrid (MAH). Variation ratio of plastic and particles were 40 : 60, 50 : 50, and 60 : 40. Percentage of MAH used 0%, 2,5%, and 5% of the weight of the plastic. Composite board size was 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm with a target density of 0.8 g/cm3 at compression 25 kg/cm2 with temperature 180ºC for 10 minutes. Evaluation the quality of composite board was refer to standard JIS A 5908-2003. This study used afactorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The result of research showed that the highest guality of composite board was achieved on the highest plastic ratio. The best result was on composite board made from ratio particle oil palm and plastic 40:60 with percentage MAH 2,5%. Keywords : Oil palm particle, plastics polipropilena, MAH, BPO, composite board ABSTRACT Wood is a basic requirement in the industrial activity. while timber production decreased so that required an efficient utilization of wood. The solution to overcome this problem is the use of waste oil palm trunk in the form of composite board. On the other hand, the plastic needs continue to increase. Plastic is a material consisting of artificial inorganic chemicals are quite harmful to the environment so it is necessary to increase the value of plastic. In the process of making this composite board using maleic anhydride (MAH) in order to improve the bonding between the fibers. This study aims to determine the quality of the composite board made from oil palm trunk (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) and polypropylene plastic waste on some variation o