Detecting Volunteer Cotton Plants in a Corn Field with Deep Learning on UAV Remote-Sensing Imagery

The cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman is a serious pest to the U.S. cotton industry that has cost more than 16 billion USD in damages since it entered the United States from Mexico in the late 1800s. This pest has been nearly eradicated; however, southern part of Texas still faces this issue and is always prone to the pest reinfestation each year due to its sub-tropical climate where cotton plants can grow year-round. Volunteer cotton (VC) plants growing in the fields of inter-seasonal crops, like corn, can serve as hosts to these pests once they reach pin-head square stage (5-6 leaf stage) and therefore need to be detected, located, and destroyed or sprayed . In this paper, we present a study to detect VC plants in a corn field using YOLOv3 on three band aerial images collected by unmanned aircraft system (UAS). The two-fold objectives of this paper were : (i) to determine whether YOLOv3 can be used for VC detection in a corn field using RGB (red, green, and blue) aerial images collected by UAS and (ii) to investigate the behavior of YOLOv3 on images at three different scales (320 x 320, S1; 416 x 416, S2; and 512 x 512, S3 pixels) based on average precision (AP), mean average precision (mAP) and F1-score at 95% confidence level. No significant differences existed for mAP among the three scales, while a significant difference was found for AP between S1 and S3 (p = 0.04) and S2 and S3 (p = 0.02). A significant difference was also found for F1-score between S2 and S3 (p = 0.02). The lack of significant differences of mAP at all the three scales indicated that the trained YOLOv3 model can be used on a computer vision-based remotely piloted aerial application system (RPAAS) for VC detection and spray application in near real-time.Comment: 38 Page

Computer Vision for Volunteer Cotton Detection in a Corn Field with UAS Remote Sensing Imagery and Spot Spray Applications

To control boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis L.) pest re-infestation in cotton fields, the current practices of volunteer cotton (VC) (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plant detection in fields of rotation crops like corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) involve manual field scouting at the edges of fields. This leads to many VC plants growing in the middle of fields remain undetected that continue to grow side by side along with corn and sorghum. When they reach pinhead squaring stage (5-6 leaves), they can serve as hosts for the boll weevil pests. Therefore, it is required to detect, locate and then precisely spot-spray them with chemicals. In this paper, we present the application of YOLOv5m on radiometrically and gamma-corrected low resolution (1.2 Megapixel) multispectral imagery for detecting and locating VC plants growing in the middle of tasseling (VT) growth stage of cornfield. Our results show that VC plants can be detected with a mean average precision (mAP) of 79% and classification accuracy of 78% on images of size 1207 x 923 pixels at an average inference speed of nearly 47 frames per second (FPS) on NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPU-16GB and 0.4 FPS on NVIDIA Jetson TX2 GPU. We also demonstrate the application of a customized unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for spot-spray applications based on the developed computer vision (CV) algorithm and how it can be used for near real-time detection and mitigation of VC plants growing in corn fields for efficient management of the boll weevil pests.Comment: 39 page

Diseño e Implementación de un Modulo de Control de Temperatura, Empleando el Controlador Logico Programable Allen Bradley Compactlogix 1769-L23E-QBFC1B, para Estudio de Control Proporcional Integral y Derivativo (PID)

Esta investigación y ejecución de proyecto explora con mucho más detalle la programación en un PLC Compact Logix de la familia 1769 – L23E y por medio de los controladores PID, que muestran ser robustos en muchas aplicaciones y son los más utilizados en la industria, se desarrolló la mejora de un sistema de intercambiadores de calor. El proyecto empieza con el armado del módulo de entrenamiento, el cual nos permite tener un mejor acceso a todas las I/O de nuestro PLC y también poder tener una comunicación directa de nuestro equipo a nuestro servidor, se adhiere el armado de un módulo de temperatura. Una vez teniendo los módulos tanto de nuestro entrenador de PLC como nuestro módulo de temperatura, se procede a enlazarlos con nuestro servidor, por medio de los programas de comunicación y programación propios del fabricante, RS LOGIX. Habiendo realizado los cálculos para un correcto funcionamiento en nuestra programación del controlador PID, se plasmó todo esto en nuestro entrenador dándonos una mejora al proceso de calor. Finalmente podemos probar que los controladores PID son eficientes y para la mejora de los procesos.Tesi

Transmisión de vídeo H.264/AVC con control de tasa adaptativo en el servidor

In this paper we describe a method for transmitting H.264/AVC encoded video. The data transfer is performed by adapting data transmission to network performance in order to ensure continuous transmission. The data transfer between server and client terminals is performed by TCP sockets. The original video is encoded in H.264/AVC for different levels of bitrate using the GStreamer library. Then each encoded video is segmented at GOP level. The purpose of segmenting the video is to facilitate switching between different video qualities to adapt the bitrate to the variable network capacity, and using a control in the server side. Segmenting the encoded video has the advantages of scaling the digital video service and the maximum use of network resources.Peer Reviewe

Transmisión de vídeo H.264/AVC con control de tasa adaptativo en el servidor

In this paper we describe a method for transmitting H.264/AVC encoded video. The data transfer is performed by adapting data transmission to network performance in order to ensure continuous transmission. The data transfer between server and client terminals is performed by TCP sockets. The original video is encoded in H.264/AVC for different levels of bitrate using the GStreamer library. Then each encoded video is segmented at GOP level. The purpose of segmenting the video is to facilitate switching between different video qualities to adapt the bitrate to the variable network capacity, and using a control in the server side. Segmenting the encoded video has the advantages of scaling the digital video service and the maximum use of network resources.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Transmisión de vídeo H.264/AVC con control de tasa adaptativo en el servidor

In this paper we describe a method for transmitting H.264/AVC encoded video. The data transfer is performed by adapting data transmission to network performance in order to ensure continuous transmission. The data transfer between server and client terminals is performed by TCP sockets. The original video is encoded in H.264/AVC for different levels of bitrate using the GStreamer library. Then each encoded video is segmented at GOP level. The purpose of segmenting the video is to facilitate switching between different video qualities to adapt the bitrate to the variable network capacity, and using a control in the server side. Segmenting the encoded video has the advantages of scaling the digital video service and the maximum use of network resources.Peer Reviewe

Comamonas kerstersii cepas em pacientes internados com apendicite aguda: Revisão de literatura e relato de caso

In this article, we describe 6 cases of patients that presented to the emergency room with symptoms and laboratories compatible with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. What attracts attention about these six cases are the results of the culture of the tissue, which reveals in these six patients the presence of the bacteria Comamonas kerstersii.En este artículo, describimos 6 casos de pacientes que se presentaron en la sala de emergencias con síntomas y laboratorios compatibles con el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda. Lo que llama la atención de estos seis casos son los resultados del cultivo del tejido, que revela en estos seis pacientes la presencia de la bacteria Comamonas kerstersii.Neste artigo, descrevemos 6 casos de pacientes que se apresentaram ao pronto-socorro com sintomas e laboratórios compatíveis com o diagnóstico de apendicite aguda. O que chama a atenção sobre estes seis casos são os resultados da cultura do tecido, que revela nestes seis pacientes a presença da bactéria Comamonas kerstersii