Proporcionando atualizações em nutrição para a comunidade - 53955031

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.A nutrição desportiva visa orientar para que a alimentação e a hidratação realizadas antes, durante e após as modalidades desportivas sejam de boas escolhas, favorecendo o bem-estar do indivíduo. Os escolares que apresentam melhor rendimento desportivo são aqueles que têm garantidos, em seus organismos, adequados suprimentos de energia, nutrientes e, de líquidos corporais, contribuindo para com o desenvolvimento de jogos escolares e as modalidades em aulas de educação física, que requerem esforço físico. É usual que muitas crianças e adolescentes não realizem o desjejum antes de irem à escola e, com isso, seu rendimento na atividade desportiva ficará aquém de seu potencial, caso não ingiram alimentos e tomem líquidos antes das aulas de educação física. O mesmo se aplica em situações de preparo de alunos para campeonatos estudantis, nos turnos inversos ao horário de aulas. A Nutrição se dedica a orientar para que as referidas escolhas alimentícias por escolares sejam saudáveis, apropriadas ao processo digestório do momento, promovam o aporte energético e de hidratação requeridos ao desporto, antes, durante e após a atividade física

Destructive and nondestructive procedures to obtain chicken carcass samples for Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. detection

Destructive and nondestructive sampling procedures were compared for Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. detection in 60 fresh chicken carcasses, which were submitted to the following sampling procedures: rinsing, skin swabbing, tissue excision, and skin excision; the proximity or not to the cloacae region was also considered. The obtained results were compared to identify significant differences (p0.05), thus indicating equivalencies between these techniques. Skin swabbing produced a statistically significant lower frequency of positive results (p0.05), possibly due to the low overall frequency of positive carcasses. No significant differences in the number of positive samples (E. coli or Salmonella spp.) were observed between samples collected near or far from the cloacae region (p>0.05), regardless of the sampling technique. The obtained results demonstrate that the tested sampling techniques were equivalent for Salmonella spp. detection in chicken carcasses, as observed for E. coli with the exception of skin swabbing

Comparison of destructive and nondestructive sampling techniques of retail chicken carcasses for enumeration of hygiene indicator microorganisms

The type of sampling technique used to obtain food samples is fundamental to the success of microbiological analysis. Destructive and nondestructive techniques, such as tissue excision and rinsing, respectively, are widely employed in obtaining samples from chicken carcasses. In this study, four sampling techniques used for chicken carcasses were compared to evaluate their performances in the enumeration of hygiene indicator microorganisms. Sixty fresh chicken carcasses were sampled by rinsing, tissue excision, superficial swabbing, and skin excision. All samples were submitted for enumeration of mesophilic aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The results were compared to determine the statistical significance of differences and correlation (P < 0.05). Tissue excision provided the highest microbial counts compared with the other procedures, with significant differences obtained only for coliforms and E. coli (P < 0.05). Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed for all the sampling techniques evaluated for most of the hygiene indicators. Despite presenting a higher recovery ability, tissue excision did not present significant differences for microorganism enumeration compared with other nondestructive techniques, such as rinsing, indicating its adequacy for microbiological analysis of chicken carcasses

Atividades em nutrição com a comunidade vizinhança

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.A presente ação extensionista vem sendo realizada por acadêmicos do curso de nutrição e gastronomia em comunidade escolar de bairro próximo ao campus Porto da Universidade Federal de Pelotas -UFPel, para abordagem em nutrição humana, alimentação saudável, gastronomia e a saúde geral das pessoas. A abrangência deste projeto universitário visa a aproximação dos estudos acadêmicos com a realidade social, e isto se dá pela interlocução entre os universitários e a comunidade escolar, através de atividades de educação nutricional dialogadas, práticas e lúdicas. O método utilizado nas oficinas culinárias é o de preparo de receitas rápidas, de fácil preparo e de baixo custo,realizadas no espaço destinado ao Serviço de Alimentação Escolar. Os meios e recursos são disponibilizados pela Escola. Vem participando das oficinas alunos de 9 a 16 anos de idade, com a perspectiva de incluisão de mães e merendeiras, futuramente. Como resultados prévios, pode-se observar interesse e boa interação por parte dos alunos, corroborado durante a degustação e aprovação dos pratos elaborados. Também dialogam sobre o valor nutricional, associando a nutrição com a gastronomia. Dessa forma, o trabalho consolida novos espaços de educação alimentar e nutricional, no que condiz a proposta desse projeto

Molecular tracking of Salmonella spp. and microbiological contamination during slaughtering and processing of poultry

A obtenção de alimentos com padrões de inocuidade e qualidade microbiológica é essencial, uma vez que alimentos contaminados estão frequentemente envolvidos em casos de enfermidades de origem alimentar. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a importância da pesquisa de micro-organismos indicadores de higiene e também de patógenos nas diferentes etapas da linha de abate e processamento. A pesquisa de Salmonella spp. é fundamental na cadeia produtiva de frangos, pelo fato desse patógeno ser frequentemente associado a esse alimento e à grande maioria das gastroenterites. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica das carcaças e cortes de frango e do ambiente de abate em diferentes pontos das linhas de processamento de dois estabelecimentos industriais, através da pesquisa de micro- organismos indicadores de higiene e da pesquisa de Salmonella spp., bem como traçar as principais rotas de contaminação por esse patógeno através da identificação dos perfis genéticos dos isolados obtidos. Foram obtidas 277 amostras em dois matadouros de aves (Mt1-grande porte e Mt2-pequeno porte) localizados em Minas Gerais, Brasil, e consistiam de carcaças de frangos em três etapas distintas do abate (após depenagem- C1, após evisceração-C2, após pré-resfriamento-C3) e cortes finais (coxa, asa, peito) usando a metodologia de enxágue, e amostras de superfície (400cm2) de caixas de transportes de aves, esteiras de cortes, mãos de funcionários e facas. As amostras foram submetidas a análises laboratoriais para pesquisa de aeróbios mesófilos, enterobactérias, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, e também à detecção de Salmonella spp. de acordo com a ISO 6975, e os isolados suspeitos foram confirmados por PCR pela identificação dos genes ompC e sifB. Ainda, todos os isolados confirmados como Salmonella spp. foram submetidos à macro-restrição por XbaI e eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE). Para as caixas de transporte, as contagens médias obtidas para todos os indicadores de higiene e a frequência de amostras positivas para Salmonella spp. não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre os matadouros estudados. Observou-se também que não houve diferença significativa (p < 0,05) de contaminação entre as carcaças coletadas nas etapas C1 e C2 para nenhum dos indicadores estudados, nem para Salmonella spp. No entanto, constatou-se que as médias de contaminação bem como a frequência de amostras positivas para Salmonella spp. encontradas nas duas primeiras etapas no Mt1 foram significativamente (p < 0,05) maiores do que aquelas encontradas no Mt2, e ainda houve uma redução significativa dos níveis de contaminação de todos os indicadores de higiene e do patógeno entre as etapas C1-C2 e C3 em ambos os matadouros (p < 0,05). As médias de contaminação para os cortes amostrados foram significantemente maiores em Mt2 do que em Mt1 (p < 0,05), o mesmo ocorrendo para as superfícies amostradas; entretanto, para essas amostras não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) em relação a frequências de amostras positivas para Salmonella spp. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a maior contaminação nas etapas iniciais de abate, bem como o maior controle na etapa de pré- resfriamento. Os resultados da macro-restrição para os isolados obtidos de caixas de transporte permitem observar diferentes perfis genéticos, indicando uma contínua inclusão de novas cepas de Salmonella spp. no matadouro proveniente das granjas de produção das aves. Nas etapas de abate, observou-se que isolados obtidos em diferentes etapas e/ou em diferentes lotes apresentaram perfis genéticos idênticos, evidenciando a persistência desses isolados entre os animais obtidos de diferentes granjas. Além disso, demonstrou-se que isolados obtidos na etapa de recepção (caixas de transporte) apresentaram perfis genéticos idênticos a isolados obtidos na etapa de abate e cortes finais. Assim, foi possível identificar as principais etapas da linha de abate e processamento de frangos envolvidas na contaminação por micro-organismos indicadores, e também traçar as possíveis rotas de contaminação por Salmonella spp., o que pode ser útil na determinação de medidas de controle por esses estabelecimentos.Obtaining feedstuffs with high safety and high microbiological standards is essential since contaminated feedstuffs are commonly involved in cases of foodborne diseases. In this context, the importance of studies regarding hygiene indicator microorganisms is highlighted, as well as pathogens in different stages of the production chain. Research about Salmonella spp. is fundamental during slaughtering and processing of poultry due to the fact that these pathogens are often associated with feed and most cases of gastroenteritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of carcasses and cuts of chickens and the slaughtering environment at different points in the processing line at two industrial establishments through the study of hygiene indicator microorganisms and Salmonella spp., as well as to trace the main contamination routes by this pathogen through the identification of the gene profile from the isolates. 277 samples were obtained from two poultry slaughter houses (Mt1 - large size and Mt2 - small size) located in the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and they consisted of poultry carcasses at three distinct slaughter steps (after de-feathering - C1, after evisceration - C2, after pre-cooling - C3) and final cuts (thigh, wing, breast) using the rinsing methodology; samples were also obtained from the surface (400 cm2) of the shipping boxes of chickens, cutting mats, hands of employees, and knives. The samples were subjected to laboratory analyses for the evaluation of mesophiles, enterobacteria, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli, as well as the detection of Salmonella spp. according to ISO 6975; the suspect isolates were confirmed by PCR through identification of genes ompC and sifB. Furthermore, all isolates that were confirmed as Salmonella spp. were subjected to macro-restriction by XbaI and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). For shipping boxes, the average counts that were obtained for all hygiene indicators and the frequency of positive samples for Salmonella spp. did not present with significant differences (P < 0.05) among the slaughterhouses that were studied. Also, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) of contamination observed among carcasses that were collected in steps C1 and C2 for any indicator that was studied; the same result was observed for Salmonella spp. However, the average contamination as well as the frequency of positive samples for Salmonella spp. that was found in the two first steps for Sl1 were greater (P < 0.05) than those found for Sl2; also, there was a significant reduction in the contamination levels from all hygiene and pathogen indicators between steps C1-C2 and C3 for both slaughterhouses (P < 0.05). The average contamination for the sampled cuts was greater for Mt2 than Mt1 (P < 0.05), which was similarly observed for the sampled surfaces; although, for these samples, significant differences were not found (P < 0.05) in relation to the frequencies of positive samples for Salmonella spp. The results showed that there was greater contamination in the initial slaughter steps, such that greater control is necessary for the pre-cooling step. PFGE of the isolates that were obtained from the transport cages allowed us to observe different gene profiles, thereby indicating a continuous inclusion of new strains of Salmonella spp. in slaughterhouses from poultry production farms. In the slaughtering steps, the isolates that were obtained in different steps and/or different lots presented with identical PFGE profiles, which was evidence of the persistence of these isolates among animals obtained from different farms. Moreover, the isolates that were obtained in the reception step (shipping boxes) presented with identical PFGE profiles to those that were obtained in the slaughtering steps and end cuts. Therefore, it was possible to identify the main steps during slaughtering and processing of poultry that were involved in the contamination based on the indicator microorganisms and to trace the possible routes of contamination by Salmonella spp., which can be useful to determine control measures for these establishments

Molecular tracking of Salmonella spp. in chicken meat chain: from slaughterhouse reception to end cuts

Due to the importance of Salmonella spp. in poultry products, this study aimed to track its main contamination routes since slaughtering reception to processing of chicken end cuts. Samples from different steps of slaughtering and processing (n = 277) were collected from two chicken slaughterhouses (Sl1 and Sl2) located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and subjected to Salmonella spp. detection. The obtained isolates were subjected to serological identification and tested by PCR for specific Salmonella spp. genes (ompC and sifB). Also, Salmonella spp. isolates were subjected to XbaI macrorestriction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Sixty-eight samples were positive for Salmonella spp. and 172 isolates were obtained. Sl1 and Sl2 presented similar frequencies of Salmonella spp. positive samples during reception, slaughtering and processing (p > 0.05), except for higher frequencies in Sl1 for chicken carcasses after de-feathering and evisceration (p < 0.05). PFGE allowed the identification of cross contamination and persistence of Salmonella spp. strains in Sl1. The results highlighted the relevance of the initial steps of chicken slaughtering for Salmonella spp. contamination, and the pre-chilling of carcasses as an important controlling tool. In addition, the presence of Salmonella spp. in chicken end cuts samples represents a public health concern

Low occurrence of Salmonella in the beef processing chain from Minas Gerais state, Brazil: From bovine hides to end cuts

The present study aimed to track possible contamination sources of Salmonella spp. during bovine slaughtering. Three slaughterhouses located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil were selected and 836 samples were obtained by surface swabbing of 209 bovine carcasses at four steps of slaughtering: I) after bleeding (from the hide), II) after skinning, III) after evisceration, and IV) after end washing (performed with cold water). Samples were subjected to Salmonella spp. detection according to ISO 6975, and the suspected isolates were identified by PCR as Salmonella by targeting the ompC gene and performing serotyping. Twenty isolates were confirmed as Salmonella and subjected to XbaI macrorestriction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella spp. was detected in the hides of six animals, during slaughtering after skinning (one carcass), after evisceration (two carcasses), and after end washing (three carcasses). Isolates were serotyped as S. Dublin (n = 7), S. Derby (n = 8), S. Infantis (n = 1), S. Give (n = 1), and S. salamae subsp. salamae (n = 3). PFGE demonstrated identical Salmonella pulse-types from hides and slaughtering steps of skinning and evisceration, as well as from animal hides obtained from distinct slaughterhouses. The obtained data indicate a low prevalence of Salmonella spp. during bovine slaughtering in selected industries from Minas Gerais state, Brazil, but identified possible routes of contamination of pathogenic serotypes

Inspected and non-inspected chilled chicken carcasses commercialized in Viçosa, MG, Brazil: microbiological parameters and Salmonella spp. occurrence Carcaças de frango refrigeradas inspecionadas e não-inspecionadas comercializadas em Viçosa, MG, Brasil: parâmetros microbiológicos e ocorrência de Salmonella spp

Sixty samples of chilled chicken carcasses submitted (30) and not submitted (30) to Brazilian inspection services were analyzed to investigate if inspected and non-inspected chilled carcasses represented different food safety risks in the region of Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The mean counts of indicator microorganisms (mesophilic aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms and Escherichia coli) of samples belonging to the inspected and non-inspected lots did not present significant differences (P>0.05). Also, no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed for the numbers of Salmonella spp. and E. coli (higher than 2log cfu g-1) between samples submitted or not to inspection. Statistical differences were observed between the two sample classes only for the numbers of mesophilic aerobes higher than 4 and 5log cfu g-1 (P<0.05). The obtained results indicated the limitations of microbiological parameters to differentiate inspected and non-inspected chilled chicken carcasses commercialized in the specific studied area.<br>Sessenta amostras de carcaças de frango refrigeradas fiscalizadas (30) e não fiscalizadas (30) por serviços brasileiros de inspeção foram analisadas para investigar se carcaças refrigeradas inspecionadas ou não apresentam diferentes riscos alimentares na região de Viçosa, MG, Brasil. As médias de contagens de microrganismos indicadores de higiene (aeróbios mesófios, Enterobacteriaceae, coliformes e Escherichia coli) de amostras inspecionadas ou não inspecionadas não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P>0,05). Também não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre amostras inspecionadas e não inspecionadas com resultados positivos para Salmonella spp. e E. coli (contagens acima de 2log cfu g-1). Diferenças significativas (P<0,05) foram observadas somente entre os números de amostras com contagens de aeróbios mesófilos superiores a 4 e 5log cfu g-1. Os resultados obtidos indicam as limitações dos parâmetros microbiológicas para diferenciar carcaças de frango inspecionadas ou não na região específica onde o estudo foi conduzido

Inulin diet uncovers complex diet-microbiota-immune cell interactions remodeling the gut epithelium

Abstract Background The continuous proliferation of intestinal stem cells followed by their tightly regulated differentiation to epithelial cells is essential for the maintenance of the gut epithelial barrier and its functions. How these processes are tuned by diet and gut microbiome is an important, but poorly understood question. Dietary soluble fibers, such as inulin, are known for their ability to impact the gut bacterial community and gut epithelium, and their consumption has been usually associated with health improvement in mice and humans. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inulin consumption modifies the composition of colonic bacteria and this impacts intestinal stem cells functions, thus affecting the epithelial structure. Methods Mice were fed with a diet containing 5% of the insoluble fiber cellulose or the same diet enriched with an additional 10% of inulin. Using a combination of histochemistry, host cell transcriptomics, 16S microbiome analysis, germ-free, gnotobiotic, and genetically modified mouse models, we analyzed the impact of inulin intake on the colonic epithelium, intestinal bacteria, and the local immune compartment. Results We show that the consumption of inulin diet alters the colon epithelium by increasing the proliferation of intestinal stem cells, leading to deeper crypts and longer colons. This effect was dependent on the inulin-altered gut microbiota, as no modulations were observed in animals deprived of microbiota, nor in mice fed cellulose-enriched diets. We also describe the pivotal role of γδ T lymphocytes and IL-22 in this microenvironment, as the inulin diet failed to induce epithelium remodeling in mice lacking this T cell population or cytokine, highlighting their importance in the diet-microbiota-epithelium-immune system crosstalk. Conclusion This study indicates that the intake of inulin affects the activity of intestinal stem cells and drives a homeostatic remodeling of the colon epithelium, an effect that requires the gut microbiota, γδ T cells, and the presence of IL-22. Our study indicates complex cross kingdom and cross cell type interactions involved in the adaptation of the colon epithelium to the luminal environment in steady state. Video Abstrac

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data