De fortes baisses des prix des céréales sèches en perspectives

The 2006 – 2007 agricultural campaign was characterized by a good rainfall. As a result, cereal production has increased according to the survey conducted by CPS/DNSI.. The prices of cereals reflect this increase in production. To keep producers from selling their products at lower prices, it is recommended to constitute the national food security stock and cereal banks at commune level in December 2006, lift measures forbidding the exports of cereals, and put in place overdraft facilities for producers and traders for cereals storage.food security, food policy, Mali, Crop Production/Industries, Q18,

THE REFORM OF RICE MILLING AND MARKETING IN THE OFFICE DU NIGER: CATALYST FOR AN AGRICULTURAL SUCCESS STORY IN MALI

This chapter focuses on how changes in the rules regarding who could compete in rice milling in the ON combined with technological change in rice production and new macro-economic policies (particularly the CFA franc devaluation) to lead to a transformation of rice production and marketing in the ON. The chapter also pays particular attention to the synergies between technological changes in rice production, the introduction of new marketing and macroeconomic policies, and the evolution of institutions governing rice production in the ON on the transformation of agriculture in this region of Mali.Crop Production/Industries, Marketing,

THE ROLE OF SMALL RICE MILLS IN THE RICE SUBSECTOR OF THE OFFICE DU NIGER, MALI

The presence of the small rice mills in the Office du Niger zone has changed the structure of the rice subsector, helping to reduce concentration and changing marketing options of both farmers and retailers. Current proposals call for major initiative to liberalize the rice market further and to shift the principal role of the O.N. toward provision of water and extension. In this context, it is extremely important to investigate the role of small mills in the subsector, their relative costs, and the segments of the market they serve. Budgeting techniques were used to analyze milling cost data. Price data were used to calculate both correlation coefficients and spatial marketing margins. The analyses of correlation and calculation of spatial margins provided indications on the performance of rice subsector in the Office du Niger zone. The financial analyses revealed that the own-mill-sell or buy-mill-sell activity is far more profitable than the custom milling. Moreover, the analyses suggests that most of the millers sampled would be willing to buy paddy at a higher price than the O.N. support price of CFAF 70 per kg

De fortes baisses des prix des céréales sèches en perspectives

The 2006 – 2007 agricultural campaign was characterized by a good rainfall. As a result, cereal production has increased according to the survey conducted by CPS/DNSI.. The prices of cereals reflect this increase in production. To keep producers from selling their products at lower prices, it is recommended to constitute the national food security stock and cereal banks at commune level in December 2006, lift measures forbidding the exports of cereals, and put in place overdraft facilities for producers and traders for cereals storage

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

THE ROLE OF SMALL RICE MILLS IN THE RICE SUBSECTOR OF THE OFFICE DU NIGER, MALI

The presence of the small rice mills in the Office du Niger zone has changed the structure of the rice subsector, helping to reduce concentration and changing marketing options of both farmers and retailers. Current proposals call for major initiative to liberalize the rice market further and to shift the principal role of the O.N. toward provision of water and extension. In this context, it is extremely important to investigate the role of small mills in the subsector, their relative costs, and the segments of the market they serve. Budgeting techniques were used to analyze milling cost data. Price data were used to calculate both correlation coefficients and spatial marketing margins. The analyses of correlation and calculation of spatial margins provided indications on the performance of rice subsector in the Office du Niger zone. The financial analyses revealed that the own-mill-sell or buy-mill-sell activity is far more profitable than the custom milling. Moreover, the analyses suggests that most of the millers sampled would be willing to buy paddy at a higher price than the O.N. support price of CFAF 70 per kg.Crop Production/Industries,

Etude sur la transmission des fluctuations et les prix de parité du riz et du maïs au Mali

Calculation of maize and rice parity prices in Mali

Perspectives d’évolution des marches céréaliers pour la campagne de commercialisation 2005/06

The 2005 – 2006 marketing campaign was difficult because of the drought that occurred in all countries in the region. As a result, the price of sorghum, millet, maize and rice soared. State actions to improve cereals supply through tax-exempt rice imports did not achieve the expected outcomes. Rice has been the main contributing factor to the rise of cereals price. The low levels of stocks of rice in the world and the supply in fertilizers below expectations along with a decrease in productivity have contributed to the rise of rice prices at the national level

Perspectives d’évolution des marches céréaliers pour la campagne de commercialisation 2005/06

The 2005 – 2006 marketing campaign was difficult because of the drought that occurred in all countries in the region. As a result, the price of sorghum, millet, maize and rice soared. State actions to improve cereals supply through tax-exempt rice imports did not achieve the expected outcomes. Rice has been the main contributing factor to the rise of cereals price. The low levels of stocks of rice in the world and the supply in fertilizers below expectations along with a decrease in productivity have contributed to the rise of rice prices at the national level