Effects of Ebola epidemic on obstetrical emergencies and outcomes in the region of Kindia, Guinea

Background: Maternal mortality is still high in Guinea despite a decline from 724 to 550 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births between 2012 and 2018. The proportion of births attended by skilled personnel is estimated at 45%. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic on the frequency of absolute maternal indications, as well as the outcomes of these interventions for mother and child in the region of Kindia.Methods: This was a longitudinal study using 20 months of retrospective data collected in the pre-Ebola (March to December 2012 and March to December 2013) and intra-Ebola (March to December 2014 and March to December 2015) periods. The proportions of maternal health indicators in both study periods were compared using a significance level of 0.05.Results: A total of 1747 women were included in this study. The proportion of women who received a major obstetric procedure in Kindia regional hospital was 85% in each pre and post Ebola periods. Ebola, however, contributed to a significant increase in maternal deaths.Conclusions: The Ebola epidemic has contributed to a significant increase in maternal deaths in health facilities. Measures encouraging health workers to manage obstetric emergencies during critical periods would be necessary

Santé sexuelle et reproductive des adolescentes de Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso: place de la communication parents-adolescentes pour la réduction des risques

Introduction: Les adolescentes sont très vulnérables face aux Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles (IST) et au VIH/SIDA. Notre étude a pour objectifs d’explorer la qualité de la communication entre les adolescentes et leurs parents sur les IST/VIH/SIDA et de recueillir leurs suggestions pour l’amélioration de cette communication. Méthodes: L’étude était transversale qualitative sur 2 mois. La population de l’étude était composée par des adolescentes de 13 à 17 ans et leurs parents habitant la ville de Bobo Dioulasso. Vingt (20) adolescentes scolarisées ont été tirés au sort dans trois établissements secondaires et 20 autres non scolarisées choisies de façon accidentelle dans la ville. Les informations ont été collectées à l’aide de 8 focus groups. Les discussions ont été enregistrées sur cassettes, retranscrites en verbatim, et analysées à l’aide du logiciel QSR NVIVO 2.0. Résultats: Les adolescentes et leurs parents communiquent très peu ou pas sur les questions des IST/VIH/SIDA; l’auto-information par les paires ou les médias est la première source d’information. Pour les parents, l’information existe et est accessible aux adolescentes alors que pour ces dernières, leurs connaissances de ces maladies sont parfois erronées. L’abstinence, la fidélité et le dépistage volontaire comme moyen de prévention sont très peu évoqués par les adolescentes de même que par leurs parents. Conclusion: La communication parents-adolescentes est insuffisante voire absente dans certains milieux. Il est urgent de conduire des actions auprès des adolescentes et leurs parents pour mieux les informer sur les IST/VIH/SIDA et améliorer la communication sur ces maladies

Resurgence of Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea Linked to a Survivor With Virus Persistence in Seminal Fluid for More Than 500 Days.

We report on an Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivor who showed Ebola virus in seminal fluid 531 days after onset of disease. The persisting virus was sexually transmitted in February 2016, about 470 days after onset of symptoms, and caused a new cluster of EVD in Guinea and Liberia

Stratégie de planification des inspections des établissements pharmaceutiques (vers une priorisation des inspections)

PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Abcès rétropharyngé et la revue de la littérature: à propos de 5 observations

Nous rapportons 5 cas d´abcès rétropharyngés que nous avons corrélé avec la littérature. Il y avait des enfants ainsi que des adultes. Le corps étranger à type d´arête de poisson a été l´étiologie la plus dominante. La dysphagie accompagnée de douleur, la fièvre et le torticolis ont été les symptômes fréquents. L´abcès rétropharyngé siégeait beaucoup plus en région oropharyngée et hypopharyngée. L´imagerie notamment la tomodensitométrie nous a permis d´avoir des informations précises chez les 3 patients qui en ont bénéficié. L´obstruction des voies aéro-digestives a été retrouvé chez la plupart de nos patients. Seulement 4 patients ont bénéficié d´une incision drainage. Tous les patients ont bénéficié d´un traitement médical. Nous avons enregistré le décès de l´enfant de 2 ans dans un tableau de choc septique à J5 post-opératoire. Nous avons constaté la rareté de cette affection dans notre contexte mais engageant le pronostic vital si le diagnostic et le traitement retardent

Effet de l'application de différentes doses de fertilisants organiques sur la croissance et le rendement de la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum)

International audienceL'objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets de l'application de différents fertilisants organiques (fumier de vache, litières de Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir. et Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst) sur les paramètres de croissance et de rendement de la variété F1 Mongal de la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) en conditions semi-contrôlées. L’étude a été effectuée à la ferme agricole de l’Université Gaston Berger de Saint Louis au Nord du Sénégal entre avril et juin 2018. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé est en blocs aléatoires randomisés avec quatre (04) répétitions, huit (08) traitements et trois (03) doses (0,2%, 0,5% et 0,8%). Les traitements appliqués sont : T0 (témoin sans apport de fertilisant), T1 (litière de Balanites aegyptiaca), T2 (litière de Boscia senegalensis), T3 (litière de Sclerocarya birrea), T4 (fumier), T5, T6 et T7 (mélange à proportion égale (½+ ½) de fumier et chacune des trois (03) litières). Après application des différents fertilisants organiques, une durée de décomposition de 15 jours a été observée avant semis dans des pots de 1,5 kg. Après 60 jours de croissance, les résultats obtenus ont montré que les effets sur la croissance de la tomate varient en fonction de la dose et de la qualité de la matière organique apportée. Les litières de B. senegalensis appliquées seules ou en combinaison avec le fumier et la litière B. aegyptiaca utilisée seule ont amélioré significativement certains des paramètres étudiés (hauteur, surface foliaire, biomasse sèche aérienne et couleur du feuillage) aux doses de 0,5% et 0,8%. Les meilleurs effets ont été induits par la plus forte dose (0,8%) de B. senegalensis. La litière de S. birrea n’a pas eu d’effets significatifs sur les paramètres de croissance et de rendements de la tomate. Le fumier n’a montré aucun effet sur les paramètres de croissance de la tomate par rapport au témoin sans fertilisant. Ainsi, la litière de B. senegalensis dans les conditions de cet essai, a montré un grand potentiel pour l’amélioration des paramètres de croissance et de rendement de la tomate

Evaluation of the Aerial Biomass of Three Sahelian Species in the Ferlo (North Senegal): Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayn essp. Raddiana (Savi) Brenan, Acacia senegal (L.) Willd and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del

International audienceIn a context of climate change characterized by rising temperatures, increased greenhouse gases and frequent droughts, the Sahel is presented as one of the most vulnerable areas to the adverse effects of climate change. The Sahel is presented as one of the most vulnerable areas to the adverse effects of climate change. The objective of this study is to assess the above-ground biomass and carbon stock of three Sahelian species: Acacia raddiana tortilis (Forsk.) hayne ssp. raddiana (savi) Brenan, Acacia senegal (L.) Willd and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.). The study was carried out in northern Senegal commonly known as Ferlo. Biomasses of the populations of the three target species were first assessed by harvesting the entire epigenetic part of the species and then modelled by correlation using dendrometric parameters measured on each individual of the sample. Two models, mono-specific and multi-species, were used. The results obtained showed that the diameter at breast height (x) and the parameter best correlated to the epigeal biomass (y). The dry biomass of woody plants was 31.4 ± 15.2 kg/tree for B. aegyptiaca, 30.6 ± 13.2 kg/tree for A. senegal and 26.2 ± 11.1 kg/tree for A. raddiana; i.e. carbon equivalents of 14.75 - 14.38 - 12.31 kg/tree respectively. The amount of carbon contained in the above-ground woody biomass is estimated at 4.48 t/ha. The carbon equivalent, atmospheric CO2 is estimated at 16.44 tons of CO2/ha and based on the actual density of Ferlo (108.08 ± 49.79 ind/ha) the sequestered carbon of the area is estimated at 1777.008 tons of CO2. The comparison between the models developed in this study and the multispecific or mono-specific models from the literature showed substantial differences. This study contributes to a better understanding of the contribution of Sahelian woody species to carbon sequestration and the results could be used in the framework of adaptation to climate change

Dendrochronological Potential and Impact of Climate Factors on Radial Growth of Two Species in the Sahelian Zone: <i>Boscia senegalensis</i> (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir and <i>Sclerocarya birrea</i> (A. Rich) Hoscht (Ferlo Nord/Senegal)

International audienceThe objective of this study is to analyze the dendrochronological potential of two Sahelian species (B. senegalensis and S. birrea) and to evaluate the relationships between their growth rings and the climate. The study was conducted in 2016 in the Ferlo area of Senegal. The biological material consists of wood slices, taken from the trunks of these adult woody species at 0.30 m and 1.30 m from the ground after they have been felled. The technique used to examine the slices consists in identifying their rings, establishing their structures, inter-dating them and studying the relationship between the identified rings and climatic factors. The results showed that the species had thin, clear, highly visible and sharp rings. The limit of growth is marked by a line of parenchyma. Intradatation series carried out on the chronologies made it possible to estimate the ages of the individuals, which vary from 10 to 38 years for B. senegalensis and from 29 to 50 years for S. birrea. Their average growth rates are estimated at 0.906 mm/year and 0.89 mm/year respectively. The chronological sequences are 29 years (1987-2016) for B. senegalensis and 38 years (1964-2012) for S. birrea. The results revealed that there is no significant correlation between the growth chronologies of B. senegalensis and the climatic regressors (temperature and precipitation). In contrast, the ring-climate relationship shows that in S. birrea winter precipitation positively influences ring growth while temperature has no effect on ring growth in this species. This study provides a better understanding of the response of forest ecosystems to possible climate change, particularly in the current context of sustainable forest management

Impliquer le secteur de la santé dans la prévention et la prise en charge des mutilations génitales féminines: résultats d'une recherche formative en Guinée

Background: Despite efforts to reduce the burden of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Guinea, the practice remains prevalent, and health care providers are increasingly being implicated in its medicalization. This formative study was conducted to understand the factors that facilitate or impede the health sector in providing FGM prevention and care services to inform the development of health sector-based interventions. Methods: Between April and May 2018, a mixed methods formative study was carried out using a rapid assessment methodology in three regions of Guinea—Faranah, Labe and Conakry. A structured questionnaire was completed by one hundred and fifty health care providers of different cadres and 37 semi-structured interviews were conducted with health care providers, women seeking services at public health clinics and key stakeholders, including health systems managers, heads of professional associations and schools of nursing, midwifery, and medicine as well as representatives of the Ministry of Health. Eleven focus group discussions were conducted with female and male community members. Results: This study revealed health systems factors, attitudinal factors held by health care providers, and other factors, that may not only promote FGM medicalization but also impede a comprehensive health sector response. Our findings confirm that there is currently no standardized pre-service training on how to assess, document and manage complications of FGM nor are there interventions to promote the prevention of the practice within the health sector. This research also demonstrates the deeply held beliefs of health care providers and community members that perpetuate this practice, and which need to be addressed as part of a health sector approach to FGM prevention. Conclusion: As integral members of FGM practicing communities, health care providers understand community beliefs and norms, making them potential change agents. The health sector can support them by incorporating FGM content into their clinical training, ensuring accountability to legal and policy standards, and promoting FGM abandonment as part of a multi-sectoral approach. The findings from this formative research have informed the development of a health sector intervention that is being field tested as part of a multi-country implementation research study in Guinea, Kenya, and Somalia.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Répartition spatiale de la végétation herbacée autour des mares temporaires : influence des facteurs anthropiques et topographiques à WIDOU THIENGOLY (Ferlo, Nord-Sénégal)

International audienc