MARCA COMUNITARA – intre necesitate si oportunitate

Trade mark is a key element of company strategy and enhancing its value the enterprise can keep or acquiring market shares. The trade mark is an indispensable instrument for communicating with the public; it is a sign of quality and it establishes a relationship with the consumer based on trust by staking the company’s reputation and offering a guarantee of consistent quality; the trade mark is an important capital good of a company, that can be commercially exploited by licensing, franchising, merchandising and sponsorship. As a marketing tool it may even constitute the company’s main asset. Prior to the introduction of the Community trade mark, companies could protect their trade marks throughout the European Union in two different ways: nationally and internationally. Since the 1st of January 1993, the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital within the Community has given an European dimension to the trade mark strategies of an increasing number of companies. It is also the case of the Romanian companies which must take into account the impact of the integration in the Single Market since Romania has been a Member State of the European Union. Therefore, the companies which still base this strategy on their national market as their main market will become aware of the requirements of the European Market. On 1st January 2007 Romania has become a Member State of the European Union. The analysis presented in this paper focuses on the challenges of this aspect for the trade mark strategies of the Romanian companies; starting from the essential functions of a trade mark and going by the advantages of the Community trade mark, the paper focuses on the legal implications of enlargement for the national and Community trade mark systems (because it is possible to have a conflict situation between the national trade mark and the Community trade mark), on the importance and the strengths which can afford the protection by the Community trade mark for the Romanian companies, confronted to a highest competition on an extended European Market.trade mark; Community trade mark; legal implications of enlargement for the national and Community trade mark.

Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement in hand burns – an easier way to manage a difficult patient: case report

Introduction. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement may be considered the standard in patients with upper extremity burns management, regarding the low risk of bleeding, wound infections, reduction of surgical timing, and the decreased risk of compartment syndrome development. Case presentation. We present the case of hand and face burns in a patient presenting deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb extended to the level of the vena cava, and bilateral pulmonary embolism. The enzymatic debridement reduced periprocedural bleeding and allowed a faster recovery and therefore the resumption of oral anticoagulation and antiplatelet medication in a patient with important cardiac, arterial, and renal comorbidities. Conclusion. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement use is recommended in patients presenting upper limb deep burns, especially in anatomically challenging areas, like hand fingers, and especially in those with a previous medical history that predisposes them to periprocedural bleeding and increased risk of poor healing

Choledocoscopy in the surgery of mechanical jaundice

Universitatea de medicina si farmacie “Gr. T. Popa”, Iasi, clinica a IV-a chirurgie, Al XI-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova și cea de-a XXXIII-a Reuniune a Chirurgilor din Moldova „Iacomi-Răzeșu” 27-30 septembrie 2011Scopul lucrării: Diversitatea etiopatogenică a icterului mecanic justifică explorarea coledocoscopică, necesară unui diagnostic de certitudine. Material şi metodă: Între anii 2002 - 2011 am utilizat coledocoscopul flexibil la 58 de pacienți internați cu icter mecanic. La 21 (36,2 %) dintre aceştia icterul s-au dovedit a fi de etiologie neoplazică: 5 (8,6 %) cazuri cu ampulom vaterian (care au beneficiat de duodenopancreatectomie cefalică), 14 (24,1 %) cazuri cu neoplasm al capului de pancreas şi două (3.4 %) cazuri cu colangiocarcinom). Ceilalți 37 (63,8 %) de pacienți au avut o etiologie litiazică, la care coledocolitotomia asistată coledocoscopic şi asociată colecistectomiei a permis vindecarea. Rezultate. Discuții: Dintre pacienții cu suspiciune de icter mecanic neoplazic, în două (3,4 %) cazuri a fost necesară coledocoscopia care a certificat diagnosticul de colangiocarcinom atât prin aspectul imagistic, dar mai ales datorită posibilității prelevării biopsiei şi examenului histopatologic. În explorarea icterului mecanic. cu etiologie litiazică examenul coledocoscopic permite vizualizarea calculilor în 16 (27,5 %) cazuri la care celelalte explorări imagistice erau neconcludente. În toate cazurile controlul coledocoscopic a certificat absența calculilor în calea biliarặ principalặ la finalul intervenției, oferind astfel siguranță privind acuratețea actului chirurgical. Concluzii: Coledocoscopia aduce siguranță în chirurgia căii biliare principale atât în ceea ce priveşte diagnosticul, permițând vizualizarea şi prelevarea biopsiei în leziunile tumorale ale căii biliare principale cât şi în tratamentul litiazei biliare, oferind posibilitatea controlului imediat (intraoperator) al căii biliare principale după coledocolitotomie.Abstract. Background. The diverse etiology of mechanical jaundice requires a choledocoscopy to allow a correct diagnosis. Methods: Between 2002 and 2011, we used flexible choledocoscope, in 58 patients with mechanical jaundice admitted in our clinic. 21 (36, 2 %) cases proved to be of neoplastic etiology: 5 (8, 6%) cases diagnosed with vaterian ampuloma (treated by cephalic duodenopancreatectomy), 14 (24, 1 %) cases with pancreatic head cancer and two (3, 4 %) cases with cholangiocarcinoma. The remaining 37 (63, 8 %) cases were caused by lithiasis, treated by choledocolhitotomy associated with choledocoscopy and cholecystectomy. Results. Discussion: Among patients with suspected neoplastic mechanical jaundice, in two (3.4 %) cases choledocoscopy was necessary, in order to sustained the diagnosis of colangiocarcinoma, by macroscopically appearance, and also by the biopsy sampling and histological examination. In mechanical jaundice of lithiasis etiology, the choledocoscopy permitted the visualization of stones in 16 (27, 5%) cases in which, other imagistic investigations were inconclusive. In all cases choledocoscopic control certified the absence of gallstones in the bile duct at the end of the surgical procedure, and thereby provides safety of the surgical act. Conclusions: Choledocoscopy adds certainty in the main bile duct surgery both in terms of correct diagnosis, allowing visualization and biopsy sampling of the main bile duct in tumor lesions and in treatment of gallstone disease, allowing immediate control of the main bile duct after choledocolithotomy

Building a Knowledge Society in the European Union

Abstrac

Simulation Model for Foreign Trade During the Crisis in Romania

The paper proposes to analyze the evolution of foreign trade during the crisis in Romania. The evolution of foreign trade is analyzed using a simulation model. The period of analysis is 2006-2014. The data source is Eurostat and National Bank of Romania. Also, based on these data, we propose an econometric model which can be developed using different scenarios and forecasting of evolution of foreign trade. In period of economic recession, protectionist sentiments against imports competing with domestic products tend to rise. The same phenomenon was manifested in Romania. Thus, our study started from this consideration. Using econometric model we made scenarios predictions and the results are similar to the real values

The Entrepreneurial Culture in Europe - New Challenges in the New Economy

There is nowadays a growing concern in Europe regarding its lagging behind other countries, especially the US, in the fierce competition to make the forth industrial revolution a reality. One of the most frequently mentioned obstacles to fill this gap is the lack of entrepreneurial culture in Europe. Some of the conclusions of recent studies or articles concerning this aspect are: „Europe lacks a solid entrepreneurial culture”, „More than money, Europe needs entrepreneurial culture change”, „Europe needs more entrepreneurs”, „Europe has a chronic failure to encourage ambitious entrepreneurs” etc. The plenty of similar remarks illustrate not only the importance but also the great audience of the abovementioned subject; it also represent a strong incentive for politicians, academics, researchers, the civil society etc. to reflect, identify and analyse crucial aspects of Europe’s vulnerability as regards its entrepreneurial spirit and culture. These are in short the objectives of the present paper

IMPACTUL MODIFICĂRILOR LEGISLATIVE ASUPRA MODULUI DE RAPORTARE A UNOR FOI DE SPITALIZARE DE ZI DE TIP SERVICIU,

În The DRG system in Romania is a dynamic one, constantly adapting to the realities and needs that occur within hospitals and also at the changes occurred at decisional level and implemented in practice by the National Health Insurance and the Ministry of Health.The main purpose was to provide evidence aimed to improve the sameday hospitalization reimbursement system, based on the analysis of the reporting methods of this activity, in the first 10 months of the year 2014.The objectives have been represented by the analysis of the legal framework governing the collection and reporting the service type sameday hospitalization and the description of the reporting the service type sameday hospitalization sheets in the first 10 months of the year 2014.This first article outlines a summary of the current situation. However, it allows outlining the first findings after 5 months of reporting the day care medical sheets on a new legislation model. The degree of reporting MPDS increased, not only for the already existing hospitals in the NSPHMPD database, but also by the new registered medical units. Following the legislative changes, it was registered a remarkable increase in data reporting degree sameday hospitalization, along with the level of compliance of the legal requirements regarding the accuracy of the reported data. It were created the premises and infrastructure that would allow the introduction of the clinical type validation rules, because the first step, represented by the implementing of the validation rules, related to the accuracy of the data and financial issues, has already been done. Keywords: sameday hospitalization, medical sheets, services, patient presentationÎn România, sistemul DRG este un sistem dinamic în continuă adaptare la realitățile și necesitățile care apar la nivelul spitalelor, precum și la modificările survenite la nivel decizional şi implementate în practică de către Casa Națională de Asigurări de Sănătate și Ministerul Sănătății. Scopul analizei a fost furnizarea de evidenţe destinate îmbunătăţirii sistemului de  rambursare a spitalizării de zi, pe baza analizei modalităţii de raportare a acestei activităţi de către spitale în primele 10 luni ale anului 2014. Obiectivele au fost analiza cadrului legislativ ce reglementează colectarea şi raportarea serviciilor de tip spitalizare de zi, începând cu luna iunie a anului 2014, și descrierea situaţiei privind raportarea foilor de spitalizare de zi de tip serviciu, în primele 10 luni ale anului 2014.Acest prim articol schiţează o descriere sumară a situaţiei actuale. Totuşi el permite creionarea unor prime concluzii după 5 luni de raportare a foilor de spitalizare de zi pe un model nou de legislaţie. Gradul de raportare a foilor de spitalizare de zi a crescut marcat, nu doar pentru spitalele deja existente în baza de date a SNSPMPDSB, ci şi prin înregistrarea unor unităţi sanitare noi. În urma modificărilor legislative, a crescut remarcabil gradul de raportare a datelor de spitalizare de zi, o dată cu nivelul de respectare a cerinţelor legale privind corectitudinea datelor raportate. S-au creat premisele şi infrastructura care ar permite şi introducerea unor reguli de validare de tip clinic, deoarece primul pas, reprezentat de implementarea regulilor de validare, care ţin de acurateţea datelor şi unele aspecte financiare, a fost deja făcut.      Cuvinte cheie: spitalizare de zi, foi, servicii, vizit

An Empirical Investigation of the Link between Entrepreneurship Performance and Economic Development: The Case of EU Countries

Theory and practice suggest that entrepreneurship is the engine of economic growth. The speed with which a nation moves from economic growth to economic development depends on the performance of entrepreneurial initiatives. Given the role played by entrepreneurship for the development of an economy, increasing its performance can help the development of national markets and the increase in national competitiveness. The main objective of our paper is to investigate the link between entrepreneurial performance and economic development of countries. The research was carried out on a sample of 27 European Union countries in a period of twelve years. We used panel data regression models. As dependent variables for expressing the economic development, we considered the global competitiveness index and the gross domestic product per capita growth. As independent variables, we used a set of indicators measuring entrepreneurial performance. Our findings highlight the significant role played by increased entrepreneurial performance for enhancing the economic development of EU countries. We also find that some indicators expressing entrepreneurial performance might have different effects on the economy depending on the stage of economic development of countries. Our research provides empirical evidence regarding the need for performant entrepreneurial activities for enhancing economic development