44 research outputs found

    Soybean aphid sampling, control recommendations

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    It has already been an interesting summer sampling for soybean aphid in certain parts of the state. Accompanying this article are Michigan maps (see Figure 1 and Figure 2 below) showing SBA numbers in soybeans last year in August (2000) and what I currently know about SBA numbers this season. Darker shading on the map indicates a higher population of aphids, as found by my lab or reported by extension agents, agribusiness, etc.Originating text in English.Citation: DiFonzo, C. (2001). Soybean aphid sampling, control recommendations. Michigan State University's Field Crop Advisory Team Alert, 16(13). https://web.archive.org/web/20011125111927/http://www.msue.msu.edu/ipm/CAT01_field/FC07-12-01.ht

    Soybean aphid strip trial results for dimethoate

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    Replicated strips in a soybean field on the Bean and Beet Research Farm were sprayed on July 10, 2001 for soybean aphid. Plants were in the R2 stage (full flower). Before treatment, 40 whole-plant samples were evaluated for soybean aphid (SBA). All of the plants were infested with SBA, and all rated a “4” on the rating scale used by the Multistate Aphid Survey.Originating text in English.Citation: DiFonzo, C. (2001). Soybean aphid strip trial results for dimethoate. Michigan State University's Field Crop Advisory Team Alert, 16(13). https://web.archive.org/web/20010812233943/http://www.msue.msu.edu:80/ipm/CAT01_field/FC07-12-01.ht

    Western bean cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding and development on industrial hemp in the laboratory and field

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    The western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta (Smith)) is a key pest of corn (Zea mays L.) and dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This observational study demonstrates that in addition to these hosts, western bean cutworm readily feeds on industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and completes development on it under controlled laboratory conditions. In the laboratory, individual larvae were reared on a diet exclusively of hemp inflorescences; 57% survived to form prepupae and 15% emerged as moths. In the field, first instars were caged on hemp plants to investigate larval development in situ. After seven days, 82% were recovered as third instars, the majority of which were found in the plant canopy. At 14 and 21 days, later-instars were increasingly recovered under residue or in the soil during daytime hours but were observed crawling and feeding in the canopy at night. This pattern of behavior is similar to western bean cutworm larvae on dry beans. Additional work is needed to document that western bean cutworm females recognize and oviposit on hemp, and that larvae infest and complete development on the crop under open field conditions

    Farmers’ Awareness and Use of IPM for Soybean Aphid Control: Report of Survey Results for the 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007 Crop Years

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    In response to the introduction and rapid spread of soybean aphid, farmers in the Upper Midwest were surveyed about their treatment of and knowledge about soybean aphids for crop years 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007. Overall, the farmers showed a fairly good understanding of soybean aphids and their impact on soybeans. Over 80% said soybean aphids could be treated and repopulate in the same crop year. For 2004-2006, at least 75% of the farmers said aphids damaged their soybeans by sucking sap. However this percentage dropped to 59% for 2007 with a greater percentage pointing at a combination of damage methods. This lower percentage for 2007 may be due to a broader, randomly selected sample of farmers who received the surveys by mail versus farmers who attended meetings in the first three years. However, even though fewer seemed to have a clear understanding of how aphids damage soybeans, other measures indicate a stable or improved understanding of soybean aphid biology and control. Over 70% said the frequency with which aphids should be treated for profitable control depends on aphid counts, weather conditions and plant growth stage. About a third of the farmers believed that aphids inflict the most damage during early flowering through pod set (R1-R3); however, about a third also thought aphids could inflict the most damage at any stage. Over half the farmers considered the lowest aphid density for profitable aphid control to be 250 aphids per plant. Over 80% said scouting reports were very important for making a decision to treat for aphids; over half the farmers said plant growth stage was also very important.Crop Production/Industries,

    Farmers' Awareness and Use of IPM for Soybean Aphid Control: Survey Results for the 2004, 2005, and 2006 Crop Years

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    In response to the introduction and rapid spread of soybean aphid as a major new invasive pest of soybean in North America, farmers who attended winter crop meetings in four states in North Central US were surveyed about their treatment of and knowledge about soybean aphids for crop years 2004, 2005, and 2006. Thirteen percent, 84%, and 35% of the farmers indicated they had treated for soybean aphid in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. The average of the soybean acreage treated in each year was 50%, 87%, and 81%, respectively. Overall, the farmers showed a good understanding of soybean aphids and their impact on soybeans. Over 80% knew soybean aphids could repopulate and cause yield damage after an insecticide treatment. Seventy-five percent knew aphids damaged soybeans by sucking sap. Almost 80% said the frequency with which aphids should be treated for profitable control depends on aphid counts, weather conditions, and plant stage. On average, just under 70% considered an average of 250 aphids per plant to be the lowest density for profitable insecticide spraying. Scouting reports were selected by 84 to 94% of the farmers as very important information for the treatment decision; plant growth stage was the second most frequent selection.Crop Production/Industries,

    New Records of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Industrial Hemp in the US Midwest

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    Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production in the USA is increasing, and with it the list of insects colonizing the crop. In this article, we report new records of Aphis craccivora Koch 1854, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis gossypiiGlover 1763, Aphis spiraecola Patch 1914 and Myzus persicae (Sulzer 1776) on industrial hemp in East Lansing, Michigan in fall 2020. In addition, between 2017 and 2020, the number of suction trap sites detecting P. cannabisincreased, and as well as the number of sites with multiple weeks of detections. The timing of detection changed, from only late season (fall migrants) in 2017, to catches spanning spring, summer, and fall in 2019 and 2020. These changes likely reflect the increase in industrial hemp production in the landscape in the Midwestern US

    Conducting public-sector research on commercialized transgenic seed: In search of a paradigm that works

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    Public-sector scientists have a mandate to independently evaluate agricultural products available to American farmers on the open market, whereas the companies that sell the products must protect their intellectual property. However, as a consequence of the latter concern, public scientists currently are prohibited by industry-imposed restrictions from conducting research on commercialized transgenic seed without permission of the company. Industry acknowledged the seriousness of the problem after public warnings by a large group of entomologists to EPA and scientific advisory panels that the assumption of independence of public-sector studies on these products is no longer valid under current restrictions. Both industry and public scientists are working to find an amicable, mutually-acceptable solution. Recently, the American Seed Trade Association brokered a draft set of principles designed to protect the legitimate property rights of companies while allowing public scientists independence to conduct most types of research on their commercialized products without the need for case-by-case agreements. While there are a number of potential pitfalls in implementation of the principles across companies, this effort represents a major step forward, and there is reason for optimism that this approach can be made to work to the benefit of industry, public scientists, and the American public

    Spatial Patterns and Sequential Sampling Plans for Estimating Densities of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United States

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    Stink bugs are an emerging threat to soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) in the North Central Region of the United States. Consequently, region-specific scouting recommendations for stink bugs are needed. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial pattern and to develop sampling plans to estimate stink bug population density in soybean fields. In 2016 and 2017, 125 fields distributed across nine states were sampled using sweep nets. Regression analyses were used to determine the effects of stink bug species [Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)], life stages (nymphs and adults), and field locations (edge and interior) on spatial pattern as represented by variance–mean relationships. Results showed that stink bugs were aggregated. Sequential sampling plans were developed for each combination of species, life stage, and location and for all the data combined. Results for required sample size showed that an average of 40–42 sample units (sets of 25 sweeps) would be necessary to achieve a precision of 0.25 for stink bug densities commonly encountered across the region. However, based on the observed geographic gradient of stink bug densities, more practical sample sizes (5–10 sample units) may be sufficient in states in the southeastern part of the region, whereas impractical sample sizes (\u3e100 sample units) may be required in the northwestern part of the region. Our findings provide research-based sampling recommendations for estimating densities of these emerging pests in soybean

    Community Composition, Abundance, and Phenology of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United States

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    Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are an increasing threat to soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) production in the North Central Region of the United States, which accounts for 80% of the country’s total soybean production. Characterization of the stink bug community is essential for development of management programs for these pests. However, the composition of the stink bug community in the region is not well defined. This study aimed to address this gap with a 2-yr, 9-state survey. Specifically, we characterized the relative abundance, richness, and diversity of taxa in this community, and assessed phenological differences in abundance of herbivorous and predatory stink bugs. Overall, the stink bug community was dominated by Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Euschistus variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), C. hilaris and Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were more abundant in the northwestern, southeastern and eastern parts, respectively, of the North Central Region of the United States. Economically significant infestations of herbivorous species occurred in fields in southern parts of the region. Species richness differed across states, while diversity was the same across the region. Herbivorous and predatory species were more abundant during later soybean growth stages. Our results represent the first regional characterization of the stink bug community in soybean fields and will be fundamental for the development of state- and region-specific management programs for these pests in the North Central Region of the United States
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