Kuwait : Obesity

The country of Kuwait is known for their extremely high prevalence of obesity. It is a major public health issue for people of both genders. For men, the prevalence for obesity is 36 percent and 48 percent for women. A type of intervention that is often used to fix this problem is stomach stapling: the process of making the stomach smaller to reduce the amount of food intake. If children can start becoming more educated about this issue early on in their lifetime, the prevalence of obesity might not be so high in years to come

Association of Blood Biomarkers With Acute Sport-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes: Findings From the NCAA and Department of Defense CARE Consortium

Importance: There is potential scientific and clinical value in validation of objective biomarkers for sport-related concussion (SRC). Objective: To investigate the association of acute-phase blood biomarker levels with SRC in collegiate athletes. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, prospective, case-control study was conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the US Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium from February 20, 2015, to May 31, 2018, at 6 CARE Advanced Research Core sites. A total of 504 collegiate athletes with concussion, contact sport control athletes, and non-contact sport control athletes completed clinical testing and blood collection at preseason baseline, the acute postinjury period, 24 to 48 hours after injury, the point of reporting being asymptomatic, and 7 days after return to play. Data analysis was conducted from March 1 to November 30, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), neurofilament light chain, and tau were quantified using the Quanterix Simoa multiplex assay. Clinical outcome measures included the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-Third Edition (SCAT-3) symptom evaluation, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, Balance Error Scoring System, and Brief Symptom Inventory 18. Results: A total of 264 athletes with concussion (mean [SD] age, 19.08 [1.24] years; 211 [79.9%] male), 138 contact sport controls (mean [SD] age, 19.03 [1.27] years; 107 [77.5%] male), and 102 non-contact sport controls (mean [SD] age, 19.39 [1.25] years; 82 [80.4%] male) were included in the study. Athletes with concussion had significant elevation in GFAP (mean difference, 0.430 pg/mL; 95% CI, 0.339-0.521 pg/mL; P < .001), UCH-L1 (mean difference, 0.449 pg/mL; 95% CI, 0.167-0.732 pg/mL; P < .001), and tau levels (mean difference, 0.221 pg/mL; 95% CI, 0.046-0.396 pg/mL; P = .004) at the acute postinjury time point compared with preseason baseline. Longitudinally, a significant interaction (group × visit) was found for GFAP (F7,1507.36 = 16.18, P < .001), UCH-L1 (F7,1153.09 = 5.71, P < .001), and tau (F7,1480.55 = 6.81, P < .001); the interaction for neurofilament light chain was not significant (F7,1506.90 = 1.33, P = .23). The area under the curve for the combination of GFAP and UCH-L1 in differentiating athletes with concussion from contact sport controls at the acute postinjury period was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.64-0.78; P < .001); the acute postinjury area under the curve for all 4 biomarkers combined was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65-0.79; P < .001). Beyond SCAT-3 symptom score, GFAP at the acute postinjury time point was associated with the classification of athletes with concussion from contact controls (β = 12.298; 95% CI, 2.776-54.481; P = .001) and non-contact sport controls (β = 5.438; 95% CI, 1.676-17.645; P = .005). Athletes with concussion with loss of consciousness or posttraumatic amnesia had significantly higher levels of GFAP than athletes with concussion with neither loss of consciousness nor posttraumatic amnesia at the acute postinjury time point (mean difference, 0.583 pg/mL; 95% CI, 0.369-0.797 pg/mL; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance: The results suggest that blood biomarkers can be used as research tools to inform the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of concussion and provide additional support for future studies to optimize and validate biomarkers for potential clinical use in SRC

The influence of hand positions on biomechanical injury risk factors at the wrist joint during the round-off skills in female gymnastics

The aim of this study was to examine the biomechanical injury risk factors at the wrist, including joint kinetics, kinematics and stiffness in the first and second contact limb for parallel and T-shape round-off (RO) techniques. Seven international-level female gymnasts performed 10 trials of the RO to back handspring with parallel and T-shape hand positions. Synchronised kinematic (3D motion analysis system; 247 Hz) and kinetic (two force plates; 1235 Hz) data were collected for each trial. A two-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed differences in the kinematic and kinetic parameters between the techniques for each contact limb. The main findings highlighted that in both the RO techniques, the second contact limb wrist joint is exposed to higher mechanical loads than the first contact limb demonstrated by increased axial compression force and loading rate. In the parallel technique, the second contact limb wrist joint is exposed to higher axial compression load. Differences between wrist joint kinetics highlight that the T-shape technique may potentially lead to reducing these bio-physical loads and consequently protect the second contact limb wrist joint from overload and biological failure. Highlighting the biomechanical risk factors facilitates the process of technique selection making more objective and safe

Ankle Sprains in the National Basketball Association, 2013-2014 Through 2016-2017

Background: Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in basketball. Despite this, the incidence and setting of ankle sprains among elite basketball players are not well described. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of ankle sprains among National Basketball Association (NBA) players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All players on an NBA roster for ≥1 NBA game (preseason, regular season, or playoffs) during the 2013-14 through 2016-17 seasons were included. Data were collected with the NBA electronic medical record system. All NBA teams used the electronic medical record continuously throughout the study period to record comprehensive injury data, including onset, mechanism, setting, type, and time lost. Game incidence rates were calculated per 1000 player-games and per 10,000 player-minutes of participation, stratified by demographic and playing characteristics. Results: There were 796 ankle sprains among 389 players and 2341 unique NBA player-seasons reported in the league from 2013-14 through 2016-17. The overall single-season risk of ankle sprain was 25.8% (95% CI, 23.9%-28.0%). The majority of ankle sprains occurred in games (n = 565, 71.0%) and involved a contact mechanism of injury (n = 567, 71.2%). Most ankle sprains were lateral (n = 638, 80.2%). The incidence of ankle sprain among players with a history of prior ankle sprain in the past year was 1.41 times (95% CI, 1.13-1.74) the incidence of those without a history of ankle sprain in the past year (P =.002). Fifty-six percent of ankle sprains did not result in any NBA games missed (n = 443); among those that did, players missed a median of 2 games (interquartile range, 1-4) resulting in a cumulative total of 1467 missed player-games over the 4-season study period. Conclusion: Ankle sprains affect approximately 26% of NBA players on average each season and account for a large number of missed NBA games in aggregate. Younger players and players with a history of ankle sprain have elevated rates of incident ankle sprains in games, highlighting the potential benefit for integrating injury prevention programs into the management of initial sprains. Research on basketball- and ankle-specific injury prevention strategies could provide benefits

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection: A Case Series From a 12-Month Longitudinal Occupational Cohort

Findings are described in 7 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection from the National Basketball Association 2020-2021 occupational testing cohort, including clinical details, antibody test results, genomic sequencing, and longitudinal reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results. Reinfections were infrequent and varied in clinical presentation, viral dynamics, and immune response

Efecto letal y repelente del monoterpeno geraniol sobre ninfas de Triatoma infestans susceptibles y resistentes a deltametrina

Triatoma infestans is the main vector of the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, the etiological agent of chagas disease. The most effective strategy for the control of T. infestans are pyrethroid-type insecticides. However, the presence of specimens of T. infestans resistant to pyrethroids now sparks the need to seek new alternatives for their control. Bioinsecticides are currently positioned as a novel alternative, less aggressive for the environment and less costly compared to traditional synthetic insecticides. Geraniol is a monoterpene that has been shown to have insecticidal and repellent activity on insects. The objectives of this work were to determine and compare the lethal and repellent activity of geraniol alone and in combination with the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin and the insect repellent N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). Geraniol was shown to have similar lethal activity in pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant nymphs (resistance ratio of 0.8). When the two insecticides were combined, geraniol showed a synergistic effect on the lethality of deltamethrin. Regarding their repellent activity, at low concentrations, geraniol was less potent than DEET; however, when both molecules were combined, the presence of this monoterpene increased the repellency capacity of DEET to 100%. It is concluded that geraniol has lethal activity on T. infestans nymphs susceptible and resistant to pyrethroids and has a synergistic effect on the lethality of deltamethrin. Likewise, geraniol increased the repellency capacity of DEET on T. infestans.Triatoma infestans es el principal vector del parásito Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico de la enfermedad de chagas. La herramienta más eficaz para el control de T. infestans es el uso de insecticidas del tipo piretroide. Sin embargo, la presencia de ejemplares de T. infestans resistentes a los piretroides conlleva a la necesidad de buscar nuevas alternativas para su control. Los bioinsecticidas se posicionan en la actualidad como una alternativa novedosa, menos agresiva para el ambiente y de menor costo con respecto al uso de los insecticidas sintéticos tradicionales. El geraniol es un monoterpeno que ha demostrado tener actividad insecticida y repelente en insectos. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron determinar y comparar la actividad letal y repelente del geraniol solo y en combinación con el insecticida piretroide deltametrina y el repelente de insectos N,N-Dietil-meta-toluamida (DEET). Se demostró que el geraniol tiene una actividad letal similar en ninfas susceptibles y resistentes a piretroides (grado de resistencia de 0,8). Cuando se combinaron los dos insecticidas, el geraniol mostró un efecto sinérgico sobre la letalidad de la deltametrina. En cuanto a la actividad repelente, a bajas concentraciones, el geraniol fue menos potente que el DEET; sin embargo, cuando se combinaron ambas moléculas, la presencia de este monoterpeno aumentó la capacidad de repelencia del DEET al 100%. Se concluye que el geraniol tiene actividad letal sobre ninfas de T. infestans susceptibles y resistentes a los piretroides y tiene un efecto sinérgico sobre la letalidad de la deltametrina. Asimismo, el geraniol aumentó la capacidad de repelencia del DEET sobre T. infestans

Lethal and repellent effect of the monoterpene geraniol on Triatoma infestans nymphs susceptible and resistant to deltamethrin

Triatoma infestans es el principal vector del parásito Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico de la enfermedad de chagas. La herramienta más eficaz para el control de T. infestans es el uso de insecticidas del tipo piretroide. Sin embargo, la presencia de ejemplares de T. infestans resistentes a los piretroides conlleva a la necesidad de buscar nuevas alternativas para su control. Los bioinsecticidas se posicionan en la actualidad como una alternativa novedosa, menos agresiva para el ambiente y de menor costo con respecto al uso de los insecticidas sintéticos tradicionales. El geraniol es un monoterpeno que ha demostrado tener actividad insecticida y repelente en insectos. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron determinar y comparar la actividad letal y repelente del geraniol solo y en combinación con el insecticida piretroide deltametrina y el repelente de insectos N,N-Dietil-metatoluamida (DEET). Se demostró que el geraniol tiene una actividad letal similar en ninfas susceptibles y resistentes a piretroides (grado de resistencia de 0,8). Cuando se combinaron los dos insecticidas, el geraniol mostró un efecto sinérgico sobre la letalidad de la deltametrina. En cuanto a la actividad repelente, a bajas concentraciones, el geraniol fue menos potente que el DEET; sin embargo, cuando se combinaron ambas moléculas, la presencia de este monoterpeno aumentó la capacidad de repelencia del DEET al 100%. Se concluye que el geraniol tiene actividad letal sobre ninfas de T. infestans susceptibles y resistentes a los piretroides y tiene un efecto sinérgico sobre la letalidad de la deltametrina. Asimismo, el geraniol aumentó la capacidad de repelencia del DEET sobre T. infestans.Triatoma infestans is the main vector of the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Pyrethroid insecticides are the most effective strategy for controlling T. infestans. However, the presence of specimens of T. infestans resistant to pyrethroids now raises the need to seek new alternatives for their control. Bioinsecticides are currently positioned as a novel alternative, less aggressive for the environment and less costly compared to traditional synthetic insecticides. Geraniol is a monoterpene that has been shown to have insecticidal and repellent activity on insects. The objectives of this work were to determine and compare the lethal and repellent activity of geraniol alone and in combination with the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin and the insect repellent N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). Geraniol has been shown to be similar lethal to pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant nymphs (resistance ratio of 0.8). When the two insecticides were combined, geraniol showed a synergistic effect on the lethality of deltamethrin. In terms of repellent activity, geraniol was less effective than DEET at low concentrations; however, when both molecules were combined, the presence of this monoterpene increased the repellency capacity of DEET to 100%. It is concluded that geraniol has lethal activity on T. infestans nymphs susceptible and resistant to pyrethroids and has a synergistic effect on the lethality of deltamethrin. Likewise, geraniol increased the repellency capacity of DEET on T. infestans.Fil: Rodas, Carla. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche; ArgentinaFil: Daniele, Martin Rafael. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio.; Argentina. Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Simón Difiori, Naomi. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio.; ArgentinaFil: Marin, Gustavo Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Schinella, Guillermo Raúl. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán;Fil: Dadé, Martin Miguel. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio.; Argentina. Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentin

Stress fracture of bilateral tibial metaphysis due to ceremonial march training: a case report

Stress fractures are caused by repetitive microtraumas that occur during unusual or increased activities. Clinical suspicion is essential for the diagnosis. A twenty-years old soldier was presented with bilateral knee pain and restriction of knee movements after a period of training for ceremonial march. Although plain X-rays were normal, scintigraphy and MRI revealed stress fractures at metaphyseal region of both tibias. History of a patient presenting with persisting joint or bone pain after an unusual repetitive activity should be delicately inquired. Typical history, although pain might be localized to unusual sites, should raise the suspicion of a stress fracture