The cadaver of a Caucasian man with a supernumerary fourth dorsal interosseous muscle in the right hand: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The human hand is a complex anatomic entity consisting of many muscles, nerves, and vessels, thus providing a special ability to perform accurate and meticulous movements. In this group of muscles are the four dorsal interosseous muscles.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A distinct supernumerary fourth dorsal interosseous muscle was found in the right hand of the cadaver of a 76-year-old Caucasian man without any other concomitant abnormality.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The presence of such an additional muscle in the hand should be considered in the management of hand deformities, whether the treatment is conservative or surgical.</p

Diseases of the salivary glands in infants and adolescents

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diseases of the salivary glands are rare in infants and children (with the exception of diseases such as parotitis epidemica and cytomegaly) and the therapeutic regimen differs from that in adults. It is therefore all the more important to gain exact and extensive insight into general and special aspects of pathological changes of the salivary glands in these age groups. Etiology and pathogenesis of these entities is still not yet fully known for the age group in question so that general rules for treatment, based on clinical experience, cannot be given, particularly in view of the small number of cases of the different diseases. Swellings of the salivary glands may be caused by acute and chronic inflammatory processes, by autoimmune diseases, by duct translocation due to sialolithiasis, and by tumors of varying dignity. Clinical examination and diagnosis has also to differentiate between salivary gland cysts and inflammation or tumors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Salivary gland diseases are rare in childhood and adolescence. Their pattern of incidence differs very much from that of adults. Acute and chronic sialadenitis not responding to conservative treatment requires an appropriate surgical approach. The rareness of salivary gland tumors is particularly true for the malignant parotid tumors which are more frequent in juvenile patients, a fact that has to be considered in diagnosis and therapy.</p

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb29

PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL IN FLUIDIZED-BED BIOLOGICAL REACTOR (FBBR)

The biological phosphorus removal in fluidized bed biological reactor (FBBR) has been investigated. The feasibility of excess phosphorus uptake, assured by exposition of biomass to anaerobic-aerobic conditions, has been demonstrated on a bench-scale biofilm reactor working as sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the limiting parameters have been established. Although the reactor worked effectively, it took several weeks for both acclimatization of biomass and selection of a biofilm rich in poly-P-bacteria. The highest phosphate uptake rates have been observed when strict anaerobic conditions were reached during the anaerobic phase. Using a fluidized bed, a thin biofilm, characterized by high surface/volume ratio and hence highly disposed towards substrate uptake, has been obtained and the overall phosphorus abatement, referred to the biomass present in the reactor, proved particularly effective

STRUCTURAL AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SURFACES FROM AB-INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS

The recent application to the semiconductor surfaces of the powerful ab-initio molecular dynamics (Car-Parrinello) method [R. Car,M. Parrinello,Phys. Rev. Lett. 55,2471 (1985)] will be reviewed. The essential features of the method will be addressed first,then we will review a number of recent sudies on the properties of the clean and adsorbate covered surfaces of Si,Ge and GaAs,obtained through Car-Parrinello simulations. Finally an original application of the ab-initio molecular dynamics for the clean and hydrogenated GaAs(110) surfaces is presented