32 research outputs found

    Evaluation of humoral and cellular response to four vaccines against COVID-19 in different age groups: A longitudinal study

    Get PDF
    To date there has been limited head-to-head evaluation of immune responses to different types of COVID-19 vaccines. A real-world population-based longitudinal study was designed with the aim to define the magnitude and duration of immunity induced by each of four different COVID-19 vaccines available in Italy at the time of this study. Overall, 2497 individuals were enrolled at time of their first vaccination (T0). Vaccine-specific antibody responses induced over time by Comirnaty, Spikevax, Vaxzevria, Janssen Ad26.COV2.S and heterologous vaccination were compared up to six months after immunization. On a subset of Comirnaty vaccinees, serology data were correlated with the ability to neutralize a reference SARS-CoV-2 B strain, as well as Delta AY.4 and Omicron BA.1. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and memory B cells induced by the four different vaccines was assessed six months after the immunization. We found that mRNA vaccines are stronger inducer of anti-Spike IgG and B-memory cell responses. Humoral immune responses are lower in frail elderly subjects. Neutralization of the Delta AY.4 and Omicron BA.1 variants is severely impaired, especially in older individuals. Most vaccinees display a vaccine-specific T-cell memory six months after the vaccination. By describing the immunological response during the first phase of COVID-19 vaccination campaign in different cohorts and considering several aspects of the immunological response, this study allowed to collect key information that could facilitate the implementation of effective prevention and control measures against SARS-CoV-2

    What is the role of the placebo effect for pain relief in neurorehabilitation? Clinical implications from the Italian consensus conference on pain in neurorehabilitation

    Get PDF
    Background: It is increasingly acknowledged that the outcomes of medical treatments are influenced by the context of the clinical encounter through the mechanisms of the placebo effect. The phenomenon of placebo analgesia might be exploited to maximize the efficacy of neurorehabilitation treatments. Since its intensity varies across neurological disorders, the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation (ICCP) summarized the studies on this field to provide guidance on its use. Methods: A review of the existing reviews and meta-analyses was performed to assess the magnitude of the placebo effect in disorders that may undergo neurorehabilitation treatment. The search was performed on Pubmed using placebo, pain, and the names of neurological disorders as keywords. Methodological quality was assessed using a pre-existing checklist. Data about the magnitude of the placebo effect were extracted from the included reviews and were commented in a narrative form. Results: 11 articles were included in this review. Placebo treatments showed weak effects in central neuropathic pain (pain reduction from 0.44 to 0.66 on a 0-10 scale) and moderate effects in postherpetic neuralgia (1.16), in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (1.45), and in pain associated to HIV (1.82). Moderate effects were also found on pain due to fibromyalgia and migraine; only weak short-term effects were found in complex regional pain syndrome. Confounding variables might have influenced these results. Clinical implications: These estimates should be interpreted with caution, but underscore that the placebo effect can be exploited in neurorehabilitation programs. It is not necessary to conceal its use from the patient. Knowledge of placebo mechanisms can be used to shape the doctor-patient relationship, to reduce the use of analgesic drugs and to train the patient to become an active agent of the therapy

    III. Paroles infâmes, la basse politique de l’invective

    No full text
    L’invective est un voyage, une mobilisation des corps et des paroles, une sortie violente de l’état de repos par un transport d’intensité, de force, de puissance. On dirige quelque chose – un véhicule, un vecteur – contre quelqu’un, contre un ennemi physique ou moral pour le dévisager, pour l’écraser, pour le rabaisser, pour le blesser, pour l’abattre, pour le tuer. La possibilité de cerner une invective, de décider s’il s’agit bien d’une invective ou si l’on a affaire à un autre type de rela..

    "For Your Own Good". Biopolitics told by J.G. Ballard (Italian original version)

    No full text
    “In a totally sane society, madness is the only freedom”, writes J.G. Ballard in his novel Running Wild. This is a dark and at first sight enigmatic statement, but it could be interpreted as a stunning synthesis of the relationship between health policies and the practices of freedom in modern history. A game that is not yet over and the results of which must therefore still be deciphered. What do we do when faced with policies that act only for our good, which preserve life, improve the conditions of health and safety? And besides, what does it mean if these policies are seen as a threat and our freedom seeks refuge in madness as the last stronghold of resistance? These are the questions Ballard asks in his story

    Le 68 de la psychiatrie italienne: l’effet Basaglia

    No full text
    Soixante-huit est la période où une crise éclate avec toute sa force. Elle commence dans des contextes institutionnels spécifiques – les universités, les écoles, les usines – et finit par investir l’ensemble de la société. Ces années-là, les initiatives politiques partent de la conviction que le contrat social ne peut être réécrit qu’à partir de l’expérience des mouvements sociaux de base. Le mouvement anti-institutionnel, qui naît de l’action de Franco Basaglia, de son équipe et d’autres groupes en Italie, constitue un processus de transformation sociale exemplaire : à partir d’un milieu spécifique, la psychiatrie, et d’un problème particulier, la santé mentale, il devient – en tant que « pratique qui propage une culture » – le propulseur d’une demande plus générale de changement qui s’est manifestée à différents niveaux de la société. Les luttes aboutissent, à la fin des années 70, à la loi 180 de réforme psychiatrique et à la progressive fermeture des hôpitaux psychiatriques en Italie

    Conceptual changes in the American classification of mental illnesses (DSM): scientific, economic and political issues

    No full text
    The American classification of mental illnesses, known as the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual), is an example of knowledge classification where shifts in conceptions have been unusually frequent. Since the major revision in 1980 that produced DSM-III, the DSM has claimed to be scientific, universal and founded on biology. This article points out the current DSM paradox: while the most eminent scientists question its scientific basis, ever-increasing numbers of people taking the concept on board are now using it as a common language that is tending to become universal.La classification américaine des maladies mentales, connue par son acronyme, le DSM, est un exemple de classification des savoirs particulièrement riche en revirements conceptuels. Depuis le virage du DSM-III en 1980, il se veut scientifique, universel et fondé sur la biologie. L’article pointe l’actuel paradoxe du DSM : alors que les scientifiques les plus éminents questionnent sa scientificité, ses utilisateurs toujours plus nombreux en font un langage commun et qui tend à s’universaliser

    LOI ET TRANSGRESSION. NIETZSCHE ET LE PARADOXE DES MODERNES

    No full text
    LA RECHERCHE EST ARTICULEE EN TROIS PARTIES 1) LE DERNIER PHILOSOPHE EST UNE RECONNAISSANCE DANS LA PHILOSOPHIE-COMTEMPORAINE, QUI A POUR AXE LA RECEPTION DE NIETZSCHE, ET PREND LA FRANCE POUR LIEU D'OBSERVATION PRIVILEGIE. NOTAMMENT, NOUS NOUS SOMMES DEMANDE DE QUELLE MANIERE LA LECTURE DE NIETZSCHE A ETE DETERMINANTE POUR LA CONSTITUTION DE CETTE ORIENTATION PHILOSOPHIQUE ORIGINALE QUI A PRIS LE NOM DE "DECONSTRUCTIONNISME". IL Y A DERRIERE CETTE QUESTION DEUX HYPOTHESES. LA PREMIERE EST QUE LA LECTURE QUE DERRIDA PROPOSE DE NIETZSCHE EST INSEPARABLE DE SA CONFRONTATION AVEC HEIDEGGER. LA SECONDE EST QUE CETTE CONFRONTATION S'EST ORGANISEE ESSENTIELLEMENT AUTOUR DU PROBLEME DE L'HISTOIRE. 2) LE GENIE MODERNE EST UNE LECTURE DES ECRITS ESTHETIQUES DE SCHILLER, ENVISAGES EN TANT QUE CHARNIERE ENTRE KANT ET L'IDEALISME SPECULATIF. LE DISCOURS DE SCHILLER EST ESSENTIELLEMENT UNE PHILOSOPHIE DE L'HISTOIRE: DISCOURS DANS LEQUEL LE SUJET MODERNE CHERCHE A SE CONSTITUER LUI-MEME COMME LE GENIE DE L'HISTOIRE, EN RENVERSANT LE RAPPORT HIERARCHIQUE ENTRE LES ANCIENS ET LES MODERNES. CE RAPPORT LONGITUDINAL AVEC LES ANCIENS EST POURTANT COUPE PAR UN RAPPORT SAGITTAL AVEC LA MODERNITE ELLE-MEME. SCHILLER S'INTERROGE CONSTAMMENT SUR LES LUMIERES ET LA REVOLUTION FRANCAISE, ET DANS CETTE INTERROGATION EMERGENT LES PARADOXES QUI DEFONT SA THEORIE DU GENIE MODERNE. 3) LA MONSTRUOSITE DE NIETZSCHE EST UNE TENTATIVE DE RECONSTRUIRE LE PARCOURS QUI A CONDUIT FOUCAULT A PENSER LA GENEALOGIE COMME ONTOLOGIE HISTORIQUE DE NOUS-MEMES ET COMME ETHOS PHILOSOPHIQUE MODERNE. DANS LE JEUNE FOUCAULT COHABITENT UN NIETZSCHE TRAGIQUE ET UN NIETZSCHE AUFKLARER. TOUT LE PARCOURS DE FOUCAULT PEUT ETRE VU COMME UNE PRISE DE DISTANCE PAR RAPPORT AU NIETZSCHE TRAGIQUE AU PROFIT D'UN NIETZSCHE DE PLUS EN PLUS KANTIEN. LES RECHERCHES GENEALOGIQUES DE NIETZSCHE SONT AINSI INSCRITES DANS LE PLAN SAGITTAL D'UNE INTERROGATION CRITIQUE SUR LE PRESENT.STRASBOURG-B.N.U.S. (674821001) / SudocSudocFranceF
    corecore