Milan : lieu d’une écriture, radiographie d’un pays. L’univers urbain de Giorgio Scerbanenco dans le roman Ils nous trahiront tous

La novel·la negra és una gran consumidora d’espai urbà. La ciutat, amb les seves perifèries constitueix el seu territori favorit. La seva imatge, majorment decadent i corruptora genera l’acció centrada en la trobada dels universos policíac i criminal. D’aquesta imatge emana una atmosfera particular: lúgubre, nocturna, tensa i violenta. Giorgio Scerbanenco planteja totes aquestes qüestions a la seva novel·la Ils nous trahiront tous. Ils nous trahiront tous és la segona part, després de Vénus privée de les aventures de Duca Lamberti, considerat com un dels personatges més atípics de la literatura policíaca. El autor italià esbossa aquí el retrat de Milà, ciutat del miracle econòmic italià durant els anys 60; però també capital del crim i de la corrupció.Le roman noir est un grand consommateur d’espace urbain. La ville, avec ses périphéries, constitue son territoire privilégié. Son image, souvent décadente, est générée par une action centrée sur la rencontre des univers policier et criminel. Une atmosphère particulière s’en dégage : lugubre, nocturne, tendue et violente. Tous ces questionnements seront abordés dans le roman Ils nous trahiront tous de Giorgio Scerbanenco. Ils nous trahiront tous est le deuxième volet, après Vénus privée, des aventures de Duca Lamberti, considéré comme l’un des personnages les plus atypiques de la littérature policière. L’auteur italien brosse ici le tableau de Milan, ville du miracle économique italien des années 1960, mais aussi capitale du crime et de la corruption.La novela negra es una gran consumidora de espacio urbano. La ciudad y sus periferias constituyen su territorio favorito. Su imagen, mayormente decadente y corruptora, es el resultado de una acción que se centra en el encuentro entre los universos policíaco y criminal. De esa imagen emana una atmósfera particular: lúgubre, nocturna, tensa y violenta. Todos estos cuestionamientos los plantea Giorgio Scerbanenco en su novela Traidores a todos. Traidores a todos es la segunda parte, después de Venus privada de las aventuras de Duca Lamberti, considerado como uno de los personajes más atípicos de la literatura policíaca. El autor italiano esboza ahí el retrato de Milán, ciudad del milagro económico italiano durante los años 60, pero también capital del crimen y de la corrupción.Crime fiction works are big consumers of urban space. The city, with all its suburbs, represents a sort of privileged territory. Its image, often decadent and corruptive, is generated by an action focussed on the encounter between detective fiction and criminal universe. A particular night atmosphere – violent, gloomy, anxious, and dark – results from this combination of elements. All these aspects will be analysed in Giorgio Scerbanenco’s novel Traitors to all. It is the second part, after A private Venus, of Duca Lamberti’s adventures, considered one of the most atypical characters of crime fiction. In this work the Italian author suggests a portrait of Milan, the centre of the economical miracle in the 1960sm but also the capital of crime and corruption

IL ROMANZO NOIR ITALIANO : TRA LETTERATURA, POLITICA E DISCORSO SOCIALE. ARRIVERDERCI AMORE, CIAO: IL CASO CARLOTTO

Il romanzo noir italiano ha iniziato ad imporsi all’inizio degli anni novanta e si è conquistato, nei due decenni successivi, uno spazio senza precedenti sia nelle librerie che nella discussione mediatica. Molti autori, nel corso degli anni, si sono sempre più affermati. Un caso emblematico è rappresentato dallo scrittore Massimo Carlotto. Vittima di uno dei casi più controversi della storia politica italiana, Massimo Carlotto usa il romanzo noir come sostituto della ricerca giudiziaria, sulla base degli atti processuali dei casi già passati in giudicato. Nei suoi romanzi troviamo mescolati discorso politico e discorso sociale, oltre ad una rappresentazione della società fortemente distopica: avvocati, giudici, poliziotti, imprenditori e amministratori pubblici corrotti. Il presente articolo propone un’analisi del romanzo Arriverderci, amore ciao, pubblicato nel 2001. Protagonista del romanzo è Giorgio Pellegrini, fuggiasco, criminale e narratore, esempio perfetto di un criminale in ascesa e integrato socialmente. Ancora una volta, lo scrittore padovano sceglie di ambientare le sue storie nel ricco Nord-est italiano, con l’intento di denunciare la collusione tra istituzioni politiche, giudiziarie e i grandi investitori locali

Interdisciplinary approaches: literature and cartography. Between images and words

Nell’ultimo ventennio, un numero importante di lavori sono stati consacrati allo studio della rappresentazione dello spazio nei testi letterari. Tale interesse sembra inscriversi sia nell’evoluzione dei generi, caratterizzati da una spazializzazione crescente delle forme narrative, sia nello sviluppo di pratiche artistiche legate alla creazione di carte letterarie. In seguito all’affermarsi dello spatial turn negli studi letterari e culturali, parte della critica ha focalizzato la sua attenzione sulla relazione che intercorre tra spazio immaginario, spazio referenziale e pratica cartografica. Quest’ultimo aspetto costituisce uno dei temi più interessanti della metodologia geocritica. Il presente articolo mira a studiare questa “convergenza” tra la letteratura e la cartografia, con l’intento di esaminare la testualità delle carte letterarie e, in particolare, la loro dimensione retorica. Le carte letterarie sono in grado di rappresentare i luoghi in cui si svolge l’azione di un romanzo, o di più romanzi, permettendo allo scrittore di costruire un mondo immaginario che i lettori esplorano assieme ai personaggi.For twenty years, a large number of works have been devoted to studying the inclusion of literature in space and the representation of places in literary texts. This interest in space issues seems to fit in both the evolution of literary genres, characterized by an increasing spatialization of narrative forms, and the development of artistic practices related to the creation of literary maps. After what has been termed the spatial turn in literary and cultural studies, critics have focused their attention on the relationships among space, place and mapping in literature. This aspect is one of the most interesting themes in the field of Geocriticism. This paper aims to study this “convergence” between literature and cartography, examining the textuality of literary maps and, in particular, their rhetorical dimension. Literary maps can represent the story setting, allowing the author to build a fictional world that readers explore with the characters

Transient Effects in Gain-Clamped Discrete Raman Amplifier Cascades

This letter describes the dynamic characteristics of all-optically gain clamped discrete Raman amplifier chains. Amplifier cascades are analyzed under channels add/drop conditions in large bandwidth WDM metro-core applications. Numerical results show that the long Raman fiber length does not allow instantaneous gain clamping giving rise to wide power oscillations in long Raman amplifier chains. A possible way to limit this detrimental effect is suggested and numerically demonstrated

Quality of life in workers and stress: gender differences in exposure to psychosocial risks and perceived well-being

Background. Quality of working life is the result of many factors inherent in the workplace environment, especially in terms of exposure to psychosocial risks. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of life with special attention to gender differences. Methods. The HSE-IT questionnaire and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index were administered to a group of workers (74 males and 33 females). The authors also used Cronbach’s alpha test to assess the internal consistency of both questionnaires and the Mann–Whitney test to evaluate the significance of gender differences in both questionnaires. Results. The HSE-IT highlighted the existence of work-related stress in all the population with a critical perception regarding the domain “Relationships.” Furthermore, gender analysis highlighted the presence of two additional domains in the female population: “Demand” ( = 0,002) and “Support from Managers” ( = 0,287). The WHO-5 highlighted a well-being level below the standard cut-off point with a significant gender difference ( = 0.009) for males (18, SD = 6) as compared to females (14, SD = 6,4). Cronbach’s alpha values indicated a high level of internal consistency for both of our scales. Conclusions. The risk assessment of quality of working life should take into due account the individual characteristics of workers, with special attention to gender

Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensor Based on Hybrid Raman and Brillouin Scattering Employing Multiwavelength Fabry–Pérot Lasers

We propose the use of standard multiwavelength Fabry–PÉrot (FP) lasers for distributed strain and temperature measurement in hybrid Raman- and Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensors. The multiple longitudinal modes of FP lasers allow for accurate spontaneous Raman scattering measurement and for simultaneous high-sensitivity coherent detection of the Brillouin frequency shift parameter for all longitudinal modes. Experimental results confirm great performance improvement in simultaneous strain and temperature measurement using a single optical fiber

Analysis of pulse modulation format in coded BOTDA sensors

A theoretical and experimental analysis of the impact of pulse modulation format on Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors using pulse coding techniques has been carried out. Pulse coding with conventional non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation format is shown to induce significant distortions in the measured Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), especially in proximity of abrupt changes in the fiber gain spectra. Such an effect, as confirmed by the theoretical analysis, is due to acoustic wave pre-excitation and non-uniform gain which depends on the bit patterns defined by the different codewords. A successful use of pulse coding techniques then requires to suitably optimize the employed modulation format in order to avoid spurious oscillations causing severe penalties in the attained accuracy. Coding technique with return-to-zero (RZ) modulation format is analyzed under different duty-cycle conditions for a 25 km-long sensing scheme, showing that low duty-cycle values are able to effectively suppress the induced distortions in the BGS and allow for spatially-accurate, high-resolution strain and temperature measurements being able to fully exploit the provided coding gain (~7.2 dB along 25 km distance) with unaltered spatial resolution (1 meter). Although Simplex coding is used in our analysis, the validity of the results is general and can be directly applied to any intensity-modulation coding scheme

Optoelectronic measuring apparatus for distributed physical characteristic

Optoelectronic measuring apparatus comprising emitting means suitable, in use, to generate and modulating the optics power of a plurality of trains comprising a plurality of first electromagnetic pulses presenting a first given frequency and a first duration which can be determined substantially at- will; an optical transmission group for the first electromagnetic pulses comprising a waveguide; a detecting group suitable, in use, to sample the time-variation of at least an optical feature of at least an electromagnetic radiation; each radiation having interacted with at least a said train through given Brillouin scattering phenomena at least one portion of said waveguide

30-km spontaneous-Brillouin distributed temperature sensor employing Simplex-coding and low optical input power

In this work we have applied optical pulse-coding technique to spontaneous Brillouin-based distributed temperature sensor (BDTS) based on the Landau-Placzek ratio (LPR). We experimentally show that pulse-coding applied to optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) based BDTS allows for a significant performance enhancement, avoiding the use of optical amplification. Actually, by using 127-bit Simplex coding, we achieved about 7 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement at the receiver, allowing for temperature sensing over 30 km-distance with temperature/spatial resolution up to 5.0 K / 40 m using only 10 mW optical peak power at the fiber input