Andrew's toad pooled RAD-seq data

The file includes reference sequences used for alignment, SNPs identified with PoPoolation2 and their FST values of all population pairs, and genepop format data of SNPs identified with PoPoolation2. The command line used for SNP calling with PoPoolation2 could be found in README.txt

Additional file 1: Appendix S1. of Geographic variation in life-history traits: growth season affects age structure, egg size and clutch size in Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi)

Descriptive information about the study sites together with minimum age, maximum age, mean body size and age of male and female toads, and clutch size and egg size in female toads. n = number of individuals. Descriptive information about the study sites together with mean (± SD) body size, age, egg size and clutch size of toads. n = number of individuals. *Data taken from Liao et al. [18]. (DOC 91 kb

Additional file 2: Appendix S2. of Geographic variation in life-history traits: growth season affects age structure, egg size and clutch size in Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi)

The correlation matrix of population means between the raw variables in the Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi). (DOC 34 kb

Molecular Engineering of the Lead Iodide Perovskite Surface: Case Study on Molecules with Pyridyl Groups

We computationally investigate the molecular engineering approach of the lead iodide perovskite surface employing a pyridyl anchor-based molecular adsorbate as an example. The molecular adsorption approach on lead halide perovskite surfaces has been employed for passivation purposes in perovskite solar cells and was demonstrated to successfully enhance the solar cell performance in previous experimental studies. It is an open question whether the structures and properties of the lead halide perovskite can be further modified via the molecular engineering approach, and this study serves to probe the molecular engineering approach in the lead halide perovskite surface. First-principles calculations are employed to determine the nanoscopic structure of the lead halide perovskite surface with pyridyl anchor-based molecular adsorbates and prove that the pyridyl anchor-based molecule resides stably on the perovskite surface and modifies the perovskite surface structure. In addition, the calculations demonstrate that the electronic and optical properties of the lead halide perovskites can be controlled by the molecular engineering method. Noteworthily, we find that the molecular engineering approach is effective to modify the optical properties of the lead halide perovskite layer investigated in this study. Such molecular engineering approach on the perovskite surface could be potentially applicable to further enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells and perovskite-based optoelectronic devices

Probing Electronic Doping of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Gaseous Ammonia with Dielectric Force Microscopy

The electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are sensitive to the gas molecules adsorbed on nanotube sidewalls. It is imperative to investigate the interaction between SWNTs and gas molecules in order to understand the mechanism of SWNT-based gas-sensing devices or the stability of individual SWNT-based field effect transistors (FETs). To avoid the Schottky barrier at the metal/SWNT contact, which dominates the performance of SWNT-based FETs, we utilize a contactless technique, dielectric force microscopy (DFM), to study the intrinsic interaction between SWNTs and gaseous ammonia molecules. Results show that gaseous ammonia affects the conductivity of semiconducting SWNTs but not metallic SWNTs. Semiconducting SWNTs, which are p-type doped in air, show suppressed hole concentration in ammonia gas and are even inverted to n-type doping in some cases

Additional file 1 of Ten-eleven translocation-2-mediated macrophage activation promotes liver regeneration

Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. (A) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment scatterplot of the top 20 pathways of macrophages at 0 and 24 h after PHx. (B) Mice mRNA levels of Tet2 in whole liver tissue 0, 24, and 48 h were detected using qPCR after PHx. The genes were normalized to GAPDH mRNA levels in each sample. (C) Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine the survival rate of mice after PHx with BC339 treatment. (A and B,n=3, C, n=10, p <0.05.)

CD146 Deletion in the Nervous System Impairs Appetite, Locomotor Activity and Spatial Learning in Mice

<div><p>Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are crucial effectors for the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Mutations in human CAM genes are linked to brain disorders and psychological diseases, and CAM knockout mice always exhibit similar behavioral abnormalities. CD146 is a CAM of the immunoglobulin superfamily that interacts with Neurite Outgrowth Factor and involved in neurite extension <i>in vitro</i>. However, little is known about its <i>in vivo</i> function in the nervous system. In this study, we used a murine CD146 nervous system knockout (CD146^ns-ko) model. We found that the brains of some CD146^ns-ko mice were malformed with small olfactory bulbs. CD146^ns-ko mice exhibited lower body weights and smaller food intake when compared with wild type littermates. Importantly, behavior tests revealed that CD146^ns-ko mice exhibited significant decreased locomotor activity and impaired capacity for spatial learning and memory. Our results demonstrate that CD146 is important for mammalian nervous system development and proper behavior patterns.</p></div

CD146^ns-ko mice show stochastic reduction in the size of olfactory bulbs.

<p>(A) Representative images of WT brain, CD146^ns-ko normal brain and CD146^ns-ko abnormal brain. (B) A Chi-square test was performed to compare the incidence of abnormal olfactory bulbs in WT and CD146^ns-ko groups.</p

Knockout of CD146 in the nervous system impaired spatial learning and memory in mice.

<p>(A) WT and CD146^ns-ko mice at the age of 1 month were subjected to the Morris water maze test. During the 7-day training period, time spent in finding the target of each mouse was recorded and analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA. At the last day of probe test, distance swam (B) and time spent in each quadrant by the mice (C) were recorded and analyzed with Student’s t test. The brains of 1-month-old WT and CD146^ns-ko mice were sagittally sectioned. The hippocampal area (D) and neuron density of CA1, CA3 and DG (E) were measured after Nissl staining. Data is presented as means ± SEM.</p

Knockout of CD146 in the nervous system resulted in decreased body weight and food intake in mice.

<p>Body weight of male (A) and female (B) mice at the ages of 1 month, 3 months and 6 months were measured and analyzed with a two-way ANOVA. Daily food intake of male (C) and female (D) mice at the age of 1 month was measured once a week for 4 weeks. Data is presented as means ± SEM and analyzed by a repeated measures ANOVA.</p