Aplicación de tecnologías geoespaciales para el análisis de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina

Maestría conjunta con el Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"-CONAE.Tesis (Magister en Aplicaciones Espaciales de Alerta y Respuesta Temprana a Emergencias)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, 2020.La situación epidemiológica nutricional actual refleja la carencia de SAN en la población: aumento de la prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso (sobrepeso, obesidad y enfermedades asociadas), coexistiendo con la malnutrición por déficit (desnutrición calórico-proteica, carencia de micronutrientes: desnutrición oculta). El entorno donde habitan las personas juega un rol importante en la distribución y frecuencia de las enfermedades. En este trabajo se exploró la capacidad de las tecnologías geoespaciales para el estudio de la Seguridad Alimentaria Nutricional en la ciudad de Córdoba, durante el año 2013.The current nutritional epidemiological situation reflects the lack of FNS in the population: increased prevalence of malnutrition due to excess (overweight, obesity and associated diseases), coexisting with malnutrition due to deficit (caloric-protein malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency: hidden malnutrition). The environment where people live plays an important role in the distribution and frequency of diseases. This work explored the capacity of geospatial technologies for the study of Food and Nutritional Security in the city of Córdoba, during 2013.Fil: Alvarez Di Fino, Eliana Marina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación; Argentina.Fil: Alvarez Di Fino, Eliana Marina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich; Argentina.Fil: Alvarez Di Fino, Eliana Marina. Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich; Argentina

Design and validation of a survey for the study of food and nutritional security to climate change vulnerability

Human Security is a concept instituted by the United Nations and refers to the possibility that each person can satisfy basic needs of different kinds: Health, food, environment, education, economy, politics, institutional access, etc. Both WHO and FAO emphasize these concepts related to food and nutritional security (FNS), and relate it to the vulnerability derived from emergency and disaster situations. These are increasingly frequent and complex in a context of climate change, since they affect food systems, directly and indirectly impacting the pillars of FNS: availability, economic access, biological use and sustainability. In this context, the concepts of risk, hazards and vulnerability arise, the latter being determined by exposure, susceptibility and resilience. Managing the concept of vulnerability allows us to approach FNS as an essentially dynamic process. Thus, the objective of the work is to develop and validate an instrument for qualitative-quantitative estimation of the vulnerability of the FNS linked to the threats derived from climate changethrough its implementation in a pilot test. The variables under study are the FNS, the vulnerability of the FNS, associated with climatic events, and climate hazards. The study is observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional.The instrument was designed based on the Guide for Measuring Food Security prepared by the Red Cross; the WFP Manual for the Evaluation of Food Security in Emergencies and the USDA Food Security Measurement Instrument. The instrument was applied in Cruz del Eje City over 59 citizens and four validation test criteria implemented.Fil: Scavuzzo, Carlos Matías. Universidad Blas Pascal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez Di Fino, Eliana Marina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Ferral, Alberto. Universidad Blas Pascal; ArgentinaFil: Defagó, María Daniela. Universidad Blas Pascal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentin

Operational satellite-based temporal modelling of Aedes population in Argentina

Aedes aegypti is a vector for Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika viruses in Latin America and is therefore a large public health problem for the region. For this reason, several inter-institutional and multidisciplinary efforts have been made to support vector control actions through the use of geospatial technologies. This study presents the development of an operational system for the application of free access to remotely sensed products capable of assessing the oviposition activity of Ae. aegypti in all of Argentina?s northern region with the specific aim to improve the current Argentine National Dengue risk system. Temporal modelling implemented includes remotely sensed variables like the normalized difference vegetation index, the normalized difference water index, day and night land surface temperature and precipitation data available from NASA?s tropical rainfall measuring mission and global precipitation measurement. As a training data set, four years of weekly mosquito oviposition data from four different cities in Argentina were used. A series of satellite-generated variables was built, downloading and resampling the these products both spatially and temporally. From an initial set of 41 variables chosen based on the correlation between these products and the oviposition series, a subset of 11 variables were preserved to develop temporal forecasting models of oviposition using a lineal multivariate method in the four cities. Subsequently, a general model was generated using data from the cities. Finally, in order to obtain a model that could be broadly used, an extrapolation method using the concept of environmental distance was developed. Although the system was oriented towards the surveillance of dengue fever, the methodology could also be applied to other relevant vector-borne diseases as well as other geographical regions in Latin America.Fil: Espinosa, Manuel. Fundación Mundo Sano; ArgentinaFil: Di Fino, Eliana Marina Alvarez. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Abril, Marcelo. Fundación Mundo Sano; ArgentinaFil: Lanfri, Mario. Centro Espacial Teófilo Tabanera; ArgentinaFil: Periago, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Mundo Sano; ArgentinaFil: Scavuzzo, Carlos Marcelo. Centro Espacial Teófilo Tabanera; Argentin

Explorando o uso de ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto e tecnologias geoespaciais aplicadas ao problema multidimensional da segurança alimentar

[Objetivo] El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar qué papel pueden jugar las tecnologías de teledetección para estudiar los factores multidimensionales que influyen en la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN), en Córdoba Argentina. [Metodología] El área de estudio comprende la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Se obtuvieron datos epidemiológicos de la prevalencia de bajo peso, sobrepeso y obesidad (malnutrición) durante el 2013 de 23 centros de atención primaria de la ciudad. Se exploraron las condiciones ambientales de los centros en un radio de 1000 m. Se clasificaron imágenes SPOT 5, se utilizaron características espectrales y espaciales y se evidencia cómo una clasificación no supervisada puede dar información para describir la dimensión social y el acceso económico a los alimentos. Se realizó una regresión lineal multivariante para examinar la relación entre la prevalencia de malnutrición y las variables ambientales y espaciales, derivadas de las imágenes SPOT. [Resultados] Los resultados de la clasificación no supervisada de imágenes muestran la diferencia en el patrón espectral-espacial de los barrios, evidencian cómo una simple clasificación de imágenes de satélite puede convertirse en una herramienta de discriminación útil. Se obtienen análisis de regresión múltiple con R2 ajustados de 0,70 y 0,6435 respectivamente para desnutrición, y sobrepeso y obesidad. A partir de los modelos obtenidos, se construyen mapas continuos de prevalencia. [Conclusiones] El método propuesto en este trabajo puede discriminar socialmente diferentes áreas relacionadas con la SAN. Es innovador y necesario aprovechar las herramientas de teledetección y las tecnologías geoespaciales, en nuestra región, aplicadas a la SAN.The aim of this study was to analyze which role remote sensing technologies can play to study multidimensional factors influencing the Food and Nutrition Security (FNS), in Córdoba Argentina. The study area includes the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity (malnutrition) in 2013 were obtained from 23 primary health care centers in the city. The environmental conditions of the surroundings of the health centers were explored within a radius of 1000m. SPOT 5 images were classified using spectral and spatial features and we show how a non-supervised classification can give information to describe the social dimension and economic access to food. In addition, a multivariate stepwise linear regression was performed to examine the relation between the prevalence of malnutrition and the environmental and spatial variables, derived from the SPOT image, proposed. The results of the unsupervised image classification show the difference in the spectral-spatial pattern of neighborhoods showing how a simple satellite image classification can become a useful discrimination tool. Multiple regression analyses with adjusted R2 of 0.70 and 0.6435 respectively are obtained for undernutrition, and overweight, and obesity. On the basis of the obtained models, continuous maps of prevalence are built. [Conclusions] The method proposed in this work can discriminate socially different areas related to FNS. It is innovative and necessary to take advantage of remote sensing tools and geospatial technologies, in our region, applied to FNS.[Objetivo] O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o papel que as tecnologias de sensoriamento remoto podem desempenhar no estudo dos fatores multidimensionais que influenciam a segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN) em Córdoba, Argentina. [Metodologia] A área de estudo compreende a cidade de Córdoba, Argentina. Dados epidemiológicos sobre a prevalência de baixo peso, sobrepeso e obesidade (desnutrição) durante 2013 foram obtidos de 23 centros de atenção primária à saúde da cidade. As condições ambientais dos locais foram exploradas dentro de um raio de 1000 m. As imagens do SPOT 5 foram classificadas e as características espectrais e espaciais utilizadas, e o que se mostra é como uma classificação sem supervisão pode fornecer informações para descrever a dimensão social e o acesso econômico aos alimentos. A regressão linear multivariada foi realizada para examinar a relação entre a prevalência da desnutrição e as variáveis ambientais e espaciais derivadas das imagens de SPOT. [Resultados] Os resultados da classificação da imagem não supervisionada mostram a diferença no padrão espectralespacial dos bairros, evidenciando como uma simples classificação da imagem de satélite pode se tornar uma ferramenta útil de discriminação. São obtidas as análises de regressão múltipla com R2 ajustado de 0,70 e 0,6435 respectivamente para desnutrição, sobrepeso e obesidade. Os mapas de prevalência contínua são construídos a partir dos modelos obtidos. [Conclusões] O método proposto neste trabalho pode discriminar socialmente diferentes áreas relacionadas à SAN. É inovador e necessário tirar proveito de ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto e tecnologias geoespaciais, em nossa região, aplicadas à SAN.Fil: Alvarez Di Fino, Eliana Marina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Scavuzzo, Carlos Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Micaela Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; ArgentinaFil: Scavuzzo, Carlos Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales. Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales "Mario Gulich"; ArgentinaFil: Defagó, María Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentin