8 research outputs found

    Analysis of the determinants of fertilizer use decision by farmers in Senegal using a logit model

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    In Sub Saharan Africa, agriculture plays a central role against hunger and in poverty alleviation. However, it has been noted that agricultural productivity in this area is one of the lowest in the world. One of the reasons of this fact is a decrease of soils fertility due to a lack of nutrients in the soils. To reverse this trend, a solution would be using improved agricultural technologies, like fertilizer. This article aims at determining factors influencing farmers to use fertilizer in Senegal. Data have been collected in five agro ecological zones namely Peanut Basin, Casamance, Niayes, Eastern Senegal and Senegal River Valley. The study sampled 734 household heads for the analysis. For this purpose, a logit model has been estimated through the Maximum Likelihood procedure. Results revealed that household size, gender, relation with extension and research services, farmer organization membership, perception of the cultural practices impact on the land regeneration, connection with Agri-inputs suppliers, cropping cereals and vegetables were statistically significant. The policy implications for a better use of fertilizer are: (i) strengthening extension services capacities in terms of logistics and human resources; (ii) sensitizing farmers to join farmers’ organizations; (iii) strengthening farmers’ capacities in specific themes like good agricultural practices; (iv) putting in place proximity selling points to facilitate fertilizer access to farmers living in isolated areas

    AfricaInteract : enabling research-to-policy dialogue for adaptation to climate change in Africa

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    Linkages between research and policy are determined by a complex set of factors, including how the issue is framed, how it enters the policy processes, and importantly, who supports or champions particular actions or types of interventions. The report documents how and to what extent climate change and urban, health, and agricultural concerns have been integrated, both in climate change specific policies and in respective sector policies. There is a need for more focus on gender‐sensitive approaches to interventions on climate and health in cross‐sectoral disaster risk reduction and preventive health strategies

    La microdose, une technologie de fertilisation pour une gestion durable des terres et d’amĂ©lioration des rendements maraichers dans le Bassin Arachidier au SĂ©nĂ©gal

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    The low availability of nutrients is a major limiting factor for agricultural production in the agrosystems of the Groundnut Basin (GB). In response to this situation, initiatives have been taken to raise the level of soil fertility and, in turn, crop yields in these agrosystems. Among other initiatives, there is the microdose technology used on dry cereals and market gardening to optimize the use of fertilizers and boost yields. The objective of this study is to analyze the agro-economic performance of microdose (MD) on market gardening. The study was conducted during the 2020-2021 off-season on 2,297 plots of 100 to 200 m2 per plot in 96 market gardens located in the GB. 60 ha were planted: 12 ha of pepper, 22 ha of tomato, 12 ha of okra and 14 ha of eggplant. Each plot was divided into two parts of equal area: one treatment representing the farmer's practice (FP) and another the microdose (MD). The yield, cost and value of production were evaluated on each treatment. The study showed good performance of the MD technology on vegetable crops with fertilizer savings, yield and gross margin advantages over farmer practice. A second cropping season is necessary to be able to appreciate the results of this first campaign and to draw conclusions and make recommendations. Keys words: Groundnut Basin, microdose, vegetable cropsLa faible disponibilitĂ© des nutriments constitue un facteur limitant majeur de la production agricole dans les agrosystĂšmes du Bassin Arachidier (BA). Face Ă  cette situation, des initiatives ont Ă©tĂ© prises pour relever le niveau de fertilitĂ© des sols et par ricochet les rendements des cultures dans ces agrosystĂšmes. Entre autres initiatives il y a la technologie de la microdose utilisĂ©e sur les cĂ©rĂ©ales sĂšches et le maraichage pour optimiser l’utilisation des fertilisants et booster les rendements. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’analyser les performances agroĂ©conomiques de la microdose (MD) sur le maraichage. L’étude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e pendant la contre saison 2020-2021 sur 2 297 parcelles de 100 Ă  200 m2 par parcelle dans 96 pĂ©rimĂštres maraichers situĂ©s dans le BA. 60 ha ont Ă©tĂ© emblavĂ©s : 12 ha de piment, 22 ha de tomate, 12 ha de gombo et 14 ha d’aubergine. Chaque parcelle est divisĂ©e en deux parties d’égales superficies : un traitement qui reprĂ©sente la pratique paysanne (PP) et un autre la microdose (MD). Le rendement, le coĂ»t et la valeur de la production ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s sur chaque traitement. L’étude a montrĂ© une bonne performance de la technologie MD sur les cultures maraichĂšres avec des Ă©conomies d’engrais, des avantages de rendements et de la marge brute par rapport Ă  la pratique paysanne. Une deuxiĂšme campagne s’avĂšre nĂ©cessaire pour pouvoir apprĂ©cier les rĂ©sultats de cette premiĂšre campagne et en tirer des conclusions et de formuler des recommandations. Mots-clĂ©s: Bassin Arachidier, microdose, maraichag

    La place des jeunes africains sur les périmÚtres irrigués dans un contexte de libéralisation et de partenariat public privé : le cas des jeunes agriculteurs du delta du fleuve Sénégal

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    Cet article analyse les divers modes d’insertion des jeunes ruraux dans les pĂ©rimĂštres irriguĂ©s du delta du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal dans un contexte de rĂ©alisation de nouveaux amĂ©nagements hydroagricoles et d’acquisition massive de terres par des entreprises de type agribusiness. Dans les annĂ©es 1960, c’est l’État qui amĂ©nageait les pĂ©rimĂštres hydroagricoles et qui distribuait des parcelles aux actifs. Les jeunes actifs de la rĂ©gion pouvaient alors acquĂ©rir une petite parcelle de 0,2 ha gratuitement sur un pĂ©rimĂštre irriguĂ©. À partir des annĂ©es 1980, le SĂ©nĂ©gal prend un tournant libĂ©ral, ce qui rĂ©duira le dĂ©veloppement des amĂ©nagements hydroagricoles publics et augmentera les pĂ©rimĂštres privĂ©s. Dans cette logique, les jeunes actifs qui, le plus souvent, n’ont pas les ressources nĂ©cessaires pour acquĂ©rir des terres, Ă©prouvent de sĂ©rieuses difficultĂ©s Ă  s’installer en agriculture irriguĂ©e. À partir de 2006, des programmes bĂątis selon le paradigme du partenariat public-privĂ© ont rĂ©alisĂ© 5 000 ha de nouveaux amĂ©nagements hydroagricoles dans cette zone et, dans ce cadre, laissent une petite place aux jeunes agriculteurs. ParallĂšlement, l’agro-industrie a aussi gagnĂ© du terrain et permet l’embauche de nombreux jeunes, mais de façon temporaire et prĂ©caire.En s’appuyant sur des enquĂȘtes auprĂšs des exploitants et des salariĂ©s agricoles du delta du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal, nous montrons que les jeunes peinent de plus en plus Ă  accĂ©der Ă  la terre ou Ă  trouver des emplois dĂ©cents dans le salariat agricole. En outre, l’étude montre que, plus que le salariat agricole, l’autonomisation des jeunes Ă  travers l’accĂšs au foncier irriguĂ© demeure le meilleur moyen de lutter contre la pauvretĂ©.This article analyzes different approaches to establishing rural youth in irrigation areas in the Senegal River delta in the context of new hydro-agricultural developments and massive land acquisitions by agrobusiness. Government-led irrigation projects introduced in the 1960s distributed free 0.2-hectare plots of land to young workers from the surrounding region. However, in the 1980s, Senegal took a liberal turn that led to a shift from public-sector to private-sector initiatives. As a result, young workers, who often lack the means necessary to acquire land, have found it much more challenging to pursue farming in irrigation areas. Since 2006, few young farmers have acquired any of the 5,000 hectares of new irrigated farmland developed through programs based on the public-private partnership model. At the same time, agro-industry growth has provided young people with many temporary and precarious employment opportunities.Based on surveys of farmers and agricultural workers in the Senegal River delta, we show how young people find it increasingly difficult to acquire land or secure adequate employment in the agricultural sector. In addition, we demonstrate that access to irrigated land, as opposed to salaried agricultural work, represents the most effective strategy for poverty reduction

    Performance of fertilizer microdosing on dry cereals in the Groundnut Basin in Senegal

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    Dans un contexte de changement climatique et de dĂ©gradation des sols, plusieurs initiatives sont entreprises Ă  travers l’utilisation de technologies de fertilisation, telle que la microdose (MD), pour amĂ©liorer la fertilitĂ© des sols et booster les rendements des cultures dans les agrosystĂšmes du Bassin Arachidier (BA) au SĂ©nĂ©gal. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’analyser les performances agronomiques et Ă©conomiques de la MD sur les cĂ©rĂ©ales sĂšches (mil, sorgho) dans le BA. L’étude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e en 2020 et 2021 pendant la saison des pluies sur un total de 1 324 parcelles de dĂ©monstration de la technologie MD. Dans chaque parcelle de dĂ©monstration, deux traitements ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s Ă  savoir la MD et la pratique paysanne (PP). Le rendement, le coĂ»t et la valeur de la production ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s sur chacun des deux traitements. Pour les deux annĂ©es de l’étude, les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© des hausses de rendements de la MD par rapport Ă  la PP, jusqu’à 37% sur le mil et 41% sur le sorgho. La marge brute de la MD a connu une hausse d’au moins 134% par rapport Ă  la PP sur le mil et au moins 18% sur le sorgho. Ainsi, pour une adoption Ă  large Ă©chelle de la MD, des contraintes doivent ĂȘtre levĂ©es notamment l’accĂšs difficile Ă  la fumure organique et minĂ©rale de qualitĂ© et en quantitĂ© et l’absence de mĂ©canisation de l’application localisĂ©e de l’engrais. Mots-clĂ©s: Bassin Arachidier, microdose, cĂ©rĂ©ales, performanceIn a context of climate change and soil degradation, several initiatives are being undertaken through the use of fertilization technologies, such as microdose (MD), to improve soil fertility and boost crop yields in the agrosystems of the Groundnut Basin (GB) in Senegal. The objective of this study is to analyze the agronomic and economic performance of MD on dry grains (millet, sorghum) in the GB. The study was conducted in 2020 and 2021 during the rainy season on a total of 1,324 demonstration plots of the MD technology. In each demonstration plot, two treatments were compared, MD and farmer's practice (FP). Yield, cost, and value of production were evaluated on each of the two treatments. For both years of the study, results showed yield increases of up to 37% for millet and 41% for sorghum with MD compared to FP. he gross margin of the MD increased by at least 134% over FP on millet and at least 18% on sorghum. Thus, for large-scale adoption of MD, constraints must be overcome, notably the difficult access to quality and quantity of organic and mineral fertilizer and the lack of mechanization of localized fertilizer application. Keys words: Groundnut Basin, microdose, cereals, performanc

    Les dĂ©terminants de la dĂ©cision d’utilisation de l’engrais par les producteurs au SĂ©nĂ©gal

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    In Sub Saharan Africa, agriculture plays a central role against hunger and in poverty alleviation. However, it has been noted that agricultural productivity in this area is one of the lowest in the world. One of the reasons of this fact is a decrease of soils fertility due to a lack of nutrients in the soils. To reverse this trend, a solution would be using improved agricultural technologies, like fertilizer. This article aims at determining factors influencing farmers to use fertilizer in Senegal. Data have been collected in five agro ecological zones namely Peanut Basin, Casamance, Niayes, Eastern Senegal and Senegal River Valley. The study sampled 734 household heads for the analysis. For this purpose, a logit model has been estimated through the Maximum Likelihood procedure. Results revealed that household size, gender, relation with extension and research services, farmer organization membership, perception of the cultural practices impact on the land regeneration, connection with Agri-inputs suppliers, cropping cereals and vegetables were statistically significant. The policy implications for a better use of fertilizer are: (i) strengthening extension services capacities in terms of logistics and human resources; (ii) sensitizing farmers to join farmers’ organizations; (iii) strengthening farmers’ capacities in specific themes like good agricultural practices; (iv) putting in place proximity selling points to facilitate fertilizer access to farmers living in isolated areas.En Afrique Sub Saharienne, l’agriculture joue un rĂŽle essentiel dans la lutte contre la faim et dans l’éradication de la pauvretĂ©. Toutefois, dans cette partie du monde, la productivitĂ© agricole y est trĂšs faible par rapport aux autres rĂ©gions. Une des raisons avancĂ©es constitue la baisse de la fertilitĂ© des sols Ă  cause d’un manque de nutriments dans le sol. Pour pallier ce flĂ©au, une solution pourrait ĂȘtre le recours Ă  des technologies agricoles amĂ©liorĂ©es, notamment les engrais. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les dĂ©terminants de l’utilisation de l’engrais par les producteurs au SĂ©nĂ©gal. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es dans cinq zones agro Ă©cologiques Ă  savoir le Bassin Arachidier, la Casamance, les Niayes, le SĂ©nĂ©gal Oriental et la VallĂ©e du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal. L’étude a impliquĂ© 734 chefs de mĂ©nage. A cet effet, un modĂšle logit a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ© par la mĂ©thode du maximum de vraisemblance. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que la taille du mĂ©nage, le sexe, la relation avec les services de recherche et de vulgarisation, l’appartenance Ă  une organisation de producteurs, la perception des producteurs de l’impact des pratiques culturales sur la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration des terres, la connaissance d’un rĂ©seau de fournisseurs d’intrants agricoles et la culture de cĂ©rĂ©ales et de lĂ©gumes se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©s statistiquement significatifs. Ainsi, les recommandations formulĂ©es sont les suivantes : (i) renforcer les capacitĂ©s des services de vulgarisation en termes de logistique et ressources humaines ; (ii) inciter les producteurs Ă  ĂȘtre membres d’organisations de producteurs ; (iii) renforcer les capacitĂ©s des producteurs sur des thĂ©matiques spĂ©cifiques telles que les bonnes pratiques culturales ; (iv) mettre en place des points de vente de proximitĂ© pour faciliter l’accĂšs de l’engrais aux producteurs vivant dans des zones Ă©loignĂ©es

    Chapter 14 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

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    Climate variability is a reality that is affecting rural livelihoods in West Africa today and presenting a growing challenge in the region, as in many other parts of the African continent and elsewhere. Climate change will have far-reaching consequences for the poor and marginalized groups among which the majority depend on agriculture for their livelihoods and have a lower capacity to adapt. Weather-related crop failures, fishery collapses, and livestock deaths in addition to losses of property are already causing economic losses and undermining food security in West Africa. This situation is likely to become more desperate and to threaten the survival of the majority of poor farmers as global warming continues. Feeding the increasing populations in a subregion with one of the highest rates of population growth in the world requires radical transformation of a largely underdeveloped agriculture over the next four decades. A major challenge is increasing agricultural production among resource-poor farmers without exacerbating environmental problems and simultaneously coping with climate change
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