Horticulture Crop Inventory: A Survey on Identification and Classification of Crops using Satellite Image Processing

Identification of horticulture crop type is as important and classification of crops, it shall be used for crop yield measurement and planning of plantation. It is also important to obtain an accurate classification of crops to help ARO’s report outcomes to the authorized representatives in the respective department. It mainly focuses on crop identification in certain areas and hence it is important not only to classify the crop but also to detect the type and grade based on the satellite imagery and ground data. The dataset used is composed of the local region and appropriate channel images from the satellite. The analysis identifies the techniques of Machine Learning methods that will classify the type of horticulture crop, Deep Learning methods are used to diagnose grades for the crop in a particular region/area that helps the farmers and agriculturists. Neural Network algorithms have been successfully used to identify the crop and grade the crop with very little variation. In this paper, it is proposed to provide a detailed survey on information technologies and methodologies used in horticulture crop inventory to improve the accuracy of crop identification and classification

Secure Instruction and Data-Level Information Flow Tracking Model for RISC-V

Rising device use and third-party IP integration in semiconductors raise security concerns. Unauthorized access, fault injection, and privacy invasion are potential threats from untrusted actors. Different security techniques have been proposed to provide resilience to secure devices from potential vulnerabilities; however, no one technique can be applied as an overarching solution. We propose an integrated Information Flow Tracking (IFT) technique to enable runtime security to protect system integrity by tracking the flow of data from untrusted communication channels. Existing hardware-based IFT schemes are either fine-, which are resource-intensive, or coarse-grained models, which have minimal precision logic, providing either control flow or data-flow integrity. No current security model provides multi-granularity due to the difficulty in balancing both the flexibility and hardware overheads at the same time. This study proposes a multi-level granularity IFT model that integrates a hardware-based IFT technique with a gate-level-based IFT (GLIFT) technique, along with flexibility, for better precision and assessments. Translation from the instruction level to the data level is based on module instantiation with security-critical data for accurate information flow behaviors without any false conservative flows. A simulation-based IFT model is demonstrated, which translates the architecture-specific extensions into a compiler-specific simulation model with toolchain extensions for Reduced Instruction Set Architecture (RISC-V) to verify the security extensions. This approach provides better precision logic by enhancing the tagged mechanism with 1-bit tags and implementing an optimized shadow logic that eliminates the area overhead by tracking the data for only security-critical modules

Teledentistry: A must in the era of patient driven dentistry

Health care has changed dramatically by the scientific blend of computers and telecommunication. The result of which is the telemedicine, an innovative field that involves the exchange of clinical information and images over remote distances for consultation and treatment planning by linking them with the specialists in larger communities. This has increased the patient access to dental care, by improving the quality of care, and the cost effectiveness. It is also very useful in long-distance clinical training, continuing education, screening, and dentist-laboratory communication. In this article, an attempt has been made to review the basics and applications of teledentistry

A comparative evaluation of freeze-dried bone allograft with and without bioabsorbable guided tissue regeneration membrane Healiguide® in the treatment of Grade II furcation defects: A clinical study

Background: Furcation defects represent one of the most demanding therapeutic challenges for periodontal therapy. Various treatment modalities have been tried with different success rates. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) with and without bioabsorbable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane Healiguide® in the treatment of Grade II furcation defects. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with bilateral Grade II furcation defects were selected for the study. After phase I therapy, subjects were divided into two arms and treated in a split-mouth design. Ten defects were treated with FDBA alone in the control arm. Ten defects were treated with FDBA in conjunction with bioabsorbable GTR membrane Healiguide® in test arm. Clinical parameters like plaque index, gingival index, vertical probing depth, horizontal probing depth, and relative attachment level (RAL) were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Results: At 6 months, clinical improvement was seen in both the arms with mean pocket depth reduction of 1.2 ± 1.032 mm and 1.7 ± 0.948 mm and mean horizontal probing depth reduction being 2.1 ± 1.969 mm and 1.6 ± 1.264 mm in control and test arm, respectively. Both surgical procedures resulted in a statistically significant reduction in vertical and horizontal probing depths. Conclusion: Both the arms demonstrated a significant improvement in the probing depth, horizontal furcation depth, and RAL at 6 months postsurgery in the treatment of Grade II furcation defects. However, on the intergroup comparison, there was no statistically significant difference in the results achieved between two arms

Carrier recovery for coherent optical communication systems

Carrier recovery and synchronization are the base foundation for data extraction in any coherent communication system. Although explored for decades now, the most appropriate carrier recovery technique changes with application and requirements. While some implementation scenarios require less complex hardware, some may require lower latency and less computation. Some scenarios intend to use low-precision components to reduce the cost, while some relax the cost-constraints to boost the throughput. Considering these different requirements, this thesis explores different approaches to carrier recovery namely: digital signal processing, optoelectronic processing and all-optical processing. The improvements in performance or implementation constraints demonstrated by the proposed techniques over the conventional methods suggest their beneficial usage in future

Rare presentation of accessory tubercles on permanent maxillary second molar

Tooth malformations may be related to heredity or injury during formation. Such morphological abnormalities may be found in the crown either in the form of anomalous cusps or in an increased number of roots, which in some cases are associated with an anomalous cusp. Cone-like enlargements on the buccal cusp of maxillary molar is one such anomaly. This case presents the anatomical and morphological characteristics of a rare case of three lobulated tubercles on the buccal surface of permanent maxillary right second molar tooth

Mandibular canine-lateral incisor and maxillary bilateral canine-premolar transposition: Report of two cases

Tooth transposition is a rare developmental anomaly in which the adjacent teeth switch/swap their positions and may create problems both esthetically and functionally. The maxillary permanent canine is the tooth most frequently involved, which is often transposed with the first premolar followed by transposition between the maxillary permanent canine and maxillary lateral incisor. This paper reports two cases of tooth transposition, one in mandibular arch involving the right lateral incisor and canine; and the other bilateral transposition in maxillary arch involving the first premolars and canine. It also focuses on the etiology and the prevalence of this interesting phenomenon called transposition

Piezosurgery in dentistry

Piezosurgery (piezoelectric bone surgery) is a technique of bone surgery which is gaining popularity in the field of dentistry in the recent years. This device is being used in osteotomies, periodontology and implantology, and oral surgical procedures. Piezoelectric ultrasonic vibrations are utilized to perform precise and safe osteotomies. This article discusses the equipment, biological effects on bone, and advantages and disadvantages of this technology