From Scopes to Edwards: The Sixty-Year Evolution of Biblical Creationism in the Public School Classroom

Few issues have generated as much controversy as the scope of the religion clauses of the first amendment to the United States Constitution within the setting of the public schools. Indeed, as Justice Brennan once stated, the courts have encountered few issues more intricate or more demanding than that of the relationship between religion and the public schools. This controversy is not surprising in light of the important role played by the public schools in shaping the nation\u27s thoughts, beliefs and institutions. It is a controversy without end; for as long as the public schools maintain their primary role in educating future generations and American society moves farther away from the traditional religious convictions of its forefathers, the controversy will continue

The Equivalence of Religion and Conscience

This Article examines issues posed by the equation of religious liberty with secular conscience, utilizing federal law and the law in those states which have adopted religious freedom restoration acts (RFRAs). The Article initially addresses the definition of religion through an examination of applicable literature and federal and state case law. The same approach is utilized to define conscience. The Article then examines similarities between the two concepts and the implications of their equivalence. The Article concludes that religion and conscience are moral equivalents that require equal legal treatment. However, equal treatment should proceed with caution in order to address potential negative consequences