Using Group Theory to Generate Initial Population for a Genetic Algorithm for Solving Traveling Salesman

In this chapter, we propose a novel algorithm that uses Genetic algorithm with group theory for initial population generation and also propose a novel crossover for solving Traveling Salesman Problem. In the group tour construction method, each individual/initial tour has distinct start city provided that population size is equal to total number of cities. In the initial population, each individual/tour has a distinct starting city. The distinct starting cites of each tour provide genetic material for exploration for the whole search space. Therefore, a heterogeneous starting city of a tour in initial population is generated to have rich diversity. Proposed crossover based on greedy method of sub-tour connection drives the efficient local search, followed by 2-opt mutation for improvement of tour for enhanced/optimal solution. The result of the proposed algorithm is compared with other standard algorithms followed by conclusion

Copper sulphate induced changes in scaphognathite oscillations and oxygen consumption of fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei (Crustacea- Decapoda)

Fresh water prawns, Macrobrachium lamarrei were subjected to acute concentration, 0.304 mg/l (96h LC50) of Copper sulphate to evaluate its effects on scaphognathite oscillations and oxygen consumption rate. Scaphognathite oscillations showed initial increase after 24h, thereafter significantly (t = 9.24; P<0.001) decreased up to 72h and finally tend to increase after 96h but remained below the controls where as oxygen consumption showed continuous decreasing trend through out the experiment up to 96h (t = 16.53; P<0.001) than control ones. Possible interaction of copper in relation to respiration of these economically important crustaceans has been discussed

An unusual complication of percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy

Suprapubic cystostomy is a commonly performed uro-logical procedure. This case report describes a rare and unique complication which occurred due to a gaping and reflexing ureteric orifice

Renal cell carcinoma presenting as hypertension

A case of renal cell carcinoma presenting as hyperten-sion is described with a brief review of the literature. Iso-lated hypertension is a rare form of presentation and shows the potential of reversibility of hypertension after surgical extirpation of the tumou

Abnormal bone scan : Importance of clinical correlation

A case of renal cell carcinoma which was diagnosed to have metastatic disease on the basis of two hot spots in ribs on bone scan, is presented. After careful and thor-ough history, it turned out to be fracture ribs which oc-curred due to bad positioning during radical nephrectoiny. This case highlights the importance of clinical judgement especially in the modern era of sophisticated investiga-tions