A Protective Mechanism to Avoid Eavesdropping Attack in MANET

Wireless ad hoc network is self-directed and infrastructure less network. Wireless ad hoc network is particularly inclined due to its basic characteristics, such as open medium, dynamic topology, distributed cooperation, and capability constraint. Routing plays an imperative part in the security of the whole system. Secure transmission of data in wireless ad hoc environment is an imperative concern. Any aggressor get remote flag by using transceiver and without being caught. The objective of this paper is to propose new secure unobservable routing protocol where attacker gets blocked while making spoofing or DOS attacks. Only oblivious message could be gathered by attacker. Proposed protocol will also protect privacy information among network and will detect and block attacking nodes through trust mechanism. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.160412

Certificateless and provably-secure digital signature scheme based on elliptic curve

With the internet today available at the user’s beck, and call data or Information Security plays a vital role. Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, and Non-repudiation are the pillars of security on which every application on the web is based on. With these basic requirements the users also need the security in low resource constrained environments making it more challenging for the security experts to design secured cryptographic algorithms. Digital Signatures play a pivotal role in Authentication. They help in verifying the integrity of the data being exchanged. Elliptical curves are the strongest contenders in Digital Signatures, and much research is being done to enhance the method in many ways. The paper briefs a secured and improved ECDSA Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm which is an improved and secured version of the Digital Signature Algorithm

UTILITY OF ANTIGEN DETECTION TEST AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF TUBERCULOUS AND NON-TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA

Objectives: Cultivation and identification of mycobacteria to species level remains difficult and time-consuming. Hence, easy and rapid diagnostic methods are necessary for the differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The present study aims to detect and differentiate MTB from NTM isolated from clinical samples by immunochromatographic test (ICT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: Over a period of 1 year, clinical samples (n=496) received from suspected cases of TB, at the Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore were cultured to isolate Mycobacterium spp. Identification of all the isolates was done by conventional biochemical technique, ICT, and PCR. Results: Among the 496 samples processed, 49 (9.87%) were acid-fast bacilli smear positive and 59 (11.89%) samples showed the growth of Mycobacterium spp. Among these, 10 were rapid growers, 49 were slow-growing mycobacteria, out of which 30 were MTB as identified by conventional biochemical reaction. Out of 59 Mycobacterial isolates subjected to ICT for the detection of MPT 64 antigen, only 28 were identified as MTB. However, all the 30 isolates were correctly identified as MTB by PCR. Conclusion: Hence, PCR is essential for rapid differentiation of non-tuberculous Mycobacterium from MTB. False negative results seen with immunochromatographic MPT 64 antigen assay could be due to mutations within the mpt64 gene. Further studies are necessary to characterize these PCR-positive and immunochromatographic assay negative MTB isolates

An Attempt to Improve Data Security in Text Based Cryptosystem Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Data can be debilitated by hackers and spies. Cryptography helps us find better approaches to secure information in digital form. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is favorable over numerous cryptographic systems because of smaller keys and quick key generation. This paper proposes a system which intends to provide multifold security in text based communication. The system has two main modules: encryption, and decryption. Encoding scheme which works on variable length text block mapping technique has been exhibited, thereby enhancing data security provided by ECC in text based cryptosystems. To leverage the advantages of ECC, it is being used in many applications. This papers attempts to utilize ECC in text based cryptosystems efficiently

Molecular and Clinical Features of Heterogeneous Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in Tertiary Care Hospitals of South India

Objectives: This study aimed to detect heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) among methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolated from healthcare-associated infections and identify staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types. Methods: Isolation and identification of MRSA were done using standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotypes identified using D test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined using agar dilution. hVISA were confirmed by modified population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC) test. SCCmec types and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) were detected using multiplex PCR. Results: Out of 220 MRSA stains, 14 (6.4%) were hVISA. None of the MRSA isolate was vancomycin intermediate or resistant. All hVISA were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin. Macrolide-streptogramin B (MSB) phenotype was present in 42.9% hVISA. 92.9% hVISA strains had vancomycin MIC in the range 1-2 µg/mL. Majority of hVISA and vancomycin susceptible MRSA were isolated from skin and soft tissue infections. SCCmec III and IV were present in 50% and 35.7% hVISA respectively. 14.3% hVISA harboured SCCmec V. Conclusion: The rate of hVISA among MRSA was 6.4%. MRSA strains should be tested for hVISA before starting vancomycin treatment. None of the isolates was vancomycin intermediate or resistant. All the hVISA strains were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin. The majority of hVISA were isolated from skin and soft tissue infections. The majority hVISA harboured SCCmec III and IV. Keywords: MRSA; Hospital infection; Molecular typing; Vancomyci

Small scale targeted fishery for White sardine and Goldspotted grenadier anchovy along the Maharashtra coast

In Maharashtra especially in the suburbs of Mumbai city (Versova, Cuffe Parade, Madh, Vasai, Alibaug) an exclusive targeted fishery exists for white sardine, Escualosa thoracata. This fishery has been in existence for the past four decades and is conducted by local fishermen. Locally this fish is called Bhiljee due to its silvery-white shiny appearance. Nearly 20-50 small motorized or nonmotorized canoes (15-20 feet), small boats with inboard/outboard engines (16-26 feet, 1-2 cylinder) conduct fishing in the near shore areas (within 2-5 km) at depths of 2-8 m using special small meshed (18 - 22 mm mesh size) drift gillnets called “bhiljee jaal”. Length of the net ranges from 40 -100 m with a height of 1.1 to 1.3 m. Each boat has a crew of 2 - 5 people. Each boat takes 8 -15 nets depending upon the number of crew

Integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data for accurate assembly and annotation of genomes

© 2017 Wong et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Complementing genome sequence with deep transcriptome and proteome data could enable more accurate assembly and annotation of newly sequenced genomes. Here, we provide a proof-of-concept of an integrated approach for analysis of the genome and proteome of Anopheles stephensi, which is one of the most important vectors of the malaria parasite. To achieve broad coverage of genes, we carried out transcriptome sequencing and deep proteome profiling of multiple anatomically distinct sites. Based on transcriptomic data alone, we identified and corrected 535 events of incomplete genome assembly involving 1196 scaffolds and 868 protein-coding gene models. This proteogenomic approach enabled us to add 365 genes that were missed during genome annotation and identify 917 gene correction events through discovery of 151 novel exons, 297 protein extensions, 231 exon extensions, 192 novel protein start sites, 19 novel translational frames, 28 events of joining of exons, and 76 events of joining of adjacent genes as a single gene. Incorporation of proteomic evidence allowed us to change the designation of more than 87 predicted noncoding RNAs to conventional mRNAs coded by protein-coding genes. Importantly, extension of the newly corrected genome assemblies and gene models to 15 other newly assembled Anopheline genomes led to the discovery of a large number of apparent discrepancies in assembly and annotation of these genomes. Our data provide a framework for how future genome sequencing efforts should incorporate transcriptomic and proteomic analysis in combination with simultaneous manual curation to achieve near complete assembly and accurate annotation of genomes

Antifungal effect of cow's urine distillate on Candida species

Background: Increase in resistance of Candida species, to routinely used antifungal agents has necessitated the quest for new drugs. Few studies have revealed that cow's urine can suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi. However there is no published report on antifungal effects of cow's urine on clinical Candida isolates. Objective: The present study aims at exploring the antifungal potential of cow's urine on clinical isolates of Candida species. Materials and methods: In this in-vitro experimental study four standard strains and 37 clinical isolates of Candida species were tested for their susceptibility to amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole, by disk diffusion method. Detection of MIC of cow's urine for the Candida isolates was done by agar dilution method using 20–50% concentration of cow's urine. Results: Clinical isolates of Candida albicans n = 22 (59.5%) Candida glabrata n = 6 (16.2%), Candida tropicalis n = 3 (8.1%) and other Candida species n = 6 were tested for their antifungal susceptibility. Among them, 18.9% were resistant to voriconazole, 24.3% to amphotericin B and 35.1% to fluconazole. Statistically significant association was observed between susceptibility of voriconazole and that of cow's urine (p = 0.045). C. albicans ATCC14053, Candida parapsilosis ATCC22019 and 75.7% of clinical isolates of Candida were susceptible to cow's urine. Conclusion: Cow's urine distillate has concentration dependent inhibitory effect on Candida species and is effective on the isolates that are either resistant or sensitive to the routinely used antifungal agents