SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, EXPENSES AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

To shape India's inclusive and sustainable development, the government has made social infrastructure such as education, health and social security a top precedence. The government take steps to recover the efficiency of expenditure through the combination of projects and improves expenditure on human capital. Various labor reform method are being implemented, including the legislature, to create jobs and give sustainable livelihoods to people heavily involved in the casual economy. Closing gender gaps in education, skills development, employment and income and sinking social inequalities in society are fundamental objectives of the development policy to improve human skills

Feature based-Learning with Data Increasing for video Recommendation and Computing

Image content analysis is crucial for determining the reliability of a link between two videos. Video characteristics are increasingly being used in image and video representation as custom pre-trained picture and video convolutional neural networks become generally available. People also have limited access to video editing tools for a variety of reasons, such as ownership and privacy concerns. You don't need to go back to the source video data to use the refined features again. An affine transformation, for instance, can be used to map a well-studied function onto an unfamiliar domain. To do this, we use a unique triplet failure in conjunction with the re-learning strategy. We propose a contemporary data augmentation method that may be applied to functionality on various frames for videos as an alternative to employing specific motion data. Extensive testing on the well-known Hulu content-based Video Relevance challenge demonstrates the process's efficacy and provides solid evidence of state-of-the-art performance

Evolutionary dynamics of avian influenza A virus in the natural reservoir

Poster Presentations: Animal Influenza EcologyAvian influenza viruses were thought to exist in a form of evolutionary stasis within their natural reservoirs, i.e. waterfowls. However, a recent study demonstrated very high evolutionary rates, with epidemic-like population growth, for individual influenza subtypes in both aquatic birds and poultry, suggesting the stasis theory may be incorrect. Yet the evolutionary dynamics of the influenza gene pool within one species of migratory waterfowl remains unclear. We therefore tested influenza virus population behavior by estimating rates of nucleotide substitution of the internal genes from different subtypes of influenza viruses exclusively from mallard ducks …postprin

RSS Based Energy Efficient Scheme for the Reduction of Overhearing and Rebroadcast for MANET

AbstractIn MANET, reducing the amount of overhearing and rebroadcast based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) value can reduce the energy consumption. A cross layer framework is designed by combining the physical, MAC and network layer. In order to reduce the energy consumption, 802.11 PSM is integrated with DSR. Overhearing in DSR will improve the routing efficiency by expending some amount of energy. The main causes for energy consumption are unconditional overhearing and unnecessary rebroadcast of RREQ to the nodes which are having less Received Signal Strength (RSS). Here, RSS is used to predict the mobility of nodes. The less value of RSS indicates that the nodes are far away from the sender and this may lead to many path breakages. Probability of overhearing reduction (POR) is determined in order to limit the amount of hearing for the unicast packets. The proposed mechanism R-ROR avoids unnecessary overhearing and rebroadcast using cross layer design aiming to achieve energy consumption. Rebroadcast based on the RSS can reduce the number of path breakages, energy consumption and overhead. Simulation results are compared for Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), energy consumption and delay. The analysis shows that R-ROR is energy efficient compared to 802.11, 802.11PSM, ODPM and RandomCast

Dating the emergence of Influenza A (H5N1) Virus

Since the first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus in geese in Guangdong, China, H5N1 viruses have transmitted to poultry throughout southern China. In late 2003 the first transmission wave spread the virus to multiple Southeast Asian countries. In May 2005, the second transmission wave of H5N1 virus westwards to Europe and Africa was initiated following a major outbreak in migratory birds at Qinghai Lake, China, while a third transmission wave has been initiated since mid-2005. Those viruses are now endemic in poultry populations in some affected regions and cause repeated outbreaks in poultry and increasing human infection cases, creating persistent pandemic concerns. Genetic data from systematic surveillance of H5N1 for the past seven years in marketing poultry, along with sequence data from outbreaks throughout the region, provide us with a unique opportunity to estimate the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) and postulate the dates of introduction of H5N1 variants into different affected countries. In this study, we estimated the time of emergence of those three transmission waves …postprin

Identification of precursors of Indonesia and Vietnam avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses from southern China

Poster Presentations - Genetic and Antigenic EvolutionThe transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus to Southeast Asian countries triggered the first outbreak wave of this virus in late 2003. Subsequently H5N1 influenza virus has become endemic in poultry in this region, which has lead to the sustained transmission of those viruses and repeated outbreaks in poultry and human infection cases. This situation has raised global concern of a coming influenza pandemic sometime in the near future. Although surveillance work in market poultry had been strengthened following this initial outbreak in Southeast Asian countries, the lack of influenza surveillance prior to the outbreaks made it difficult to identify the precursors and transmission pathways of those H5N1 viruses. To determine the possible source of those H5N1 viruses responsible for this first transmission wave we recently conducted further sequencing of samples collected in live-poultry markets from Guangdong, Hunan and Yunnan Provinces in southern China from 2001 to 2003. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene of 50 H5N1 isolates from this period indicated that eight viruses, exclusively from Yunnan, fell as the direct progenitor to viruses isolated from Vietnam. A further two viruses isolated from Hunan were the direct precursor to those viruses from Indonesia. In general, phylogenetic analysis revealed similar relationships for the NA gene and each of the 6 internal genes, indicating that these viruses also belonged to the same H5N1 genotype Z that is predominant throughout Southeast Asia. These results clearly show a transmission of H5N1 viruses from Yunnan to Vietnam and from Hunan to Indonesia. Trade of poultry may be the major route of virus transmission between Yunnan and Vietnam, while the transmission route from Hunan to Indonesia remains unclear and could be either via migratory birds or poultry movement.postprin

Tanning Wastewater Sterilization in the Dark and Sunlight Using Psidium guajava Leaf-Derived Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Characteristics

Employing Psidium guajava (P. guajava) extract from leaves, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), likewise referred to as cupric oxide and renowned for their sustainable and harmless biogenesis, have the possibility of being useful for the purification of pollutants as well as for medicinal purposes. The current study examined the generated CuO NPs and their physical qualities by using ultraviolet−visible (UV) spectroscopy. The distinctive peak at 265 nm of the CuO NP production was originally seen. Additionally, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation was conducted to identify the crystalline arrangement of the produced CuO NPs, and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy examination was performed to validate the functional compounds of the CuO NPs. Additionally, the synthesized nanoparticles’ catalytic activities (wastewater treatment) were analyzed in dark and sunlight modes. The catalytic properties of CuO NPs in total darkness resulted in 64.21% discoloration, whereas exposure to sunshine increased the nanomaterials′ catalyst performance to 92.31%. By lowering Cr(VI), Ni, Pb, Co, and Cd in sewage by proportions of 91.4, 80.8, 68.26, 73.25, and 72.4% accordingly, the CuO NP demonstrated its effectiveness as a nanosorbent. Total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological demand for oxygen (BOD), and conductance were all successfully reduced by nanotreatment of tanning effluents, with proportion reductions of 93.24, 88.62, 94.21, 87.5, and 98.3%, correspondingly

2,3-Bis[(2-methyl­phen­oxy)meth­yl]buta-1,3-diene

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C20H22O2, a symmetrically 2-methyl­phenol-substituted divinyl analog, exhibits crystallographically imposed C 2 symmetry. The mol­ecular structure is essentially planar. The structure is stabilized by a short inter­molecular C—H⋯O contact. Cooperative C—H⋯π inter­actions generate an infinite one-dimensional chain of mol­ecules along the a axis

Bench-to-bedside review : targeting antioxidants to mitochondria in sepsis

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Estimation and testing for the effect of a genetic pathway on a disease outcome using logistic kernel machine regression via logistic mixed models

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Growing interest on biological pathways has called for new statistical methods for modeling and testing a genetic pathway effect on a health outcome. The fact that genes within a pathway tend to interact with each other and relate to the outcome in a complicated way makes nonparametric methods more desirable. The kernel machine method provides a convenient, powerful and unified method for multi-dimensional parametric and nonparametric modeling of the pathway effect.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this paper we propose a logistic kernel machine regression model for binary outcomes. This model relates the disease risk to covariates parametrically, and to genes within a genetic pathway parametrically or nonparametrically using kernel machines. The nonparametric genetic pathway effect allows for possible interactions among the genes within the same pathway and a complicated relationship of the genetic pathway and the outcome. We show that kernel machine estimation of the model components can be formulated using a logistic mixed model. Estimation hence can proceed within a mixed model framework using standard statistical software. A score test based on a Gaussian process approximation is developed to test for the genetic pathway effect. The methods are illustrated using a prostate cancer data set and evaluated using simulations. An extension to continuous and discrete outcomes using generalized kernel machine models and its connection with generalized linear mixed models is discussed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Logistic kernel machine regression and its extension generalized kernel machine regression provide a novel and flexible statistical tool for modeling pathway effects on discrete and continuous outcomes. Their close connection to mixed models and attractive performance make them have promising wide applications in bioinformatics and other biomedical areas.</p