13 research outputs found

    Muscle-Specific Adaptations, Impaired Oxidative Capacity and Maintenance of Contractile Function Characterize Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Skeletal Muscle

    Get PDF
    BACKGROUND:The effects of diet-induced obesity on skeletal muscle function are largely unknown, particularly as it relates to changes in oxidative metabolism and morphology. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Compared to control fed mice, mice fed a high fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal: fat) for 8 weeks displayed increased body mass and insulin resistance without overt fasting hyperglycemia (i.e. pre-diabetic). Histological analysis revealed a greater oxidative potential in the HFD gastrocnemius/plantaris (increased IIA, reduced IIB fiber-type percentages) and soleus (increased I, IIA cross-sectional areas) muscles, but no change in fiber type percentages in tibialis anterior muscles compared to controls. Intramyocellular lipid levels were significantly increased relative to control in HFD gastrocnemius/plantaris, but were similar to control values in the HFD soleus. Using a novel, single muscle fiber approach, impairments in complete palmitate and glucose oxidation (72.8+/-6.6% and 61.8+/-9.1% of control, respectively; p<0.05) with HFD were detected. These reductions were consistent with measures made using intact extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. Compared to controls, no difference in succinate dehydrogenase or citrate synthase enzyme activities were observed between groups in any muscle studied, however, short-chain fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD) activity was elevated in the HFD soleus, but not tibialis anterior muscles. Despite these morphological and metabolic alterations, no significant difference in peak tetanic force or low-frequency fatigue rates were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS:These findings indicate that HFD induces early adaptive responses that occur in a muscle-specific pattern, but are insufficient to prevent impairments in oxidative metabolism with continued high-fat feeding. Moreover, the morphological and metabolic changes which occur with 8 weeks of HFD do not significantly impact muscle contractile properties

    Genomic characterization of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

    Get PDF
    YesMycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae have remained, for many years, the primary species of the genus Mycobacterium of clinical and microbiological interest. The other members of the genus, referred to as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), have long been underinvestigated. In the last decades, however, the number of reports linking various NTM species with human diseases has steadily increased and treatment difficulties have emerged. Despite the availability of whole genome sequencing technologies, limited effort has been devoted to the genetic characterization of NTM species. As a consequence, the taxonomic and phylogenetic structure of the genus remains unsettled and genomic information is lacking to support the identification of these organisms in a clinical setting. In this work, we widen the knowledge of NTMs by reconstructing and analyzing the genomes of 41 previously uncharacterized NTM species. We provide the first comprehensive characterization of the genomic diversity of NTMs and open new venues for the clinical identification of opportunistic pathogens from this genus

    Prévention de la résistance aux antibiotiques : une démarche « Une seule santé »

    No full text
    Ce document présente les principaux résultats de surveillance de la consommation d'antibiotiques et de la résistance des bactéries aux antibiotiques pour l'année 2021 en santé humaine, animale et dans l'environnement en priorisant des indicateurs communs, ainsi que des actions mises en oeuvre pour la prévention, le contrÎle des infections et le bon usage des antibiotiques. Il cible les professionnels de santé humaine, animale et de l'environnement et est accessible à des professionnels non spécialistes de l'antibiorésistance. L'année 2021, encore marquée par l'épidémie de COVID-19, révÚle un maintien global des progrÚs en termes de consommation d'antibiotiques et de résistance aux antibiotiques par rapport à 2019 mais aussi des points de vigilance concernant les prescriptions d'antibiotiques, notamment chez les plus jeunes en santé humaine ainsi que la résistance aux antibiotiques tant en santé humaine qu'en santé animale. Dans le domaine de l'environnement, les travaux se poursuivent pour identifier les indicateurs les plus pertinents et standardiser les méthodes de recueil et d'analyse de la présence d'antibiotiques et de marqueurs de résistance dans les milieux. Concernant la prévention de l'antibiorésistance, le document décrit le panel d'outils à la disposition des professionnels en santé humaine pour la prévention des infections et le bon usage des antibiotiques

    Prévention de la résistance aux antibiotiques : une démarche « Une seule santé »

    No full text
    Ce document prĂ©sente les principaux rĂ©sultats de surveillance de la consommation d'antibiotiques et de la rĂ©sistance des bactĂ©ries aux antibiotiques pour l'annĂ©e 2022 en santĂ© humaine, animale et dans l'environnement en priorisant des indicateurs communs, ainsi que des actions mises en Ɠuvre pour la prĂ©vention, le contrĂŽle des infections et le bon usage des antibiotiques. Il cible les professionnels de santĂ© humaine, animale et de l'environnement et est accessible Ă  des professionnels non spĂ©cialistes de l'antibiorĂ©sistance
    corecore