Biodegradation of Sewage Wastewater Using Autochthonous Bacteria

The performance of isolated designed consortia comprising Bacillus pumilus, Brevibacterium sp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the treatment of sewage wastewater in terms of reduction in COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids), and TSS (total suspended solids) was studied. Different parameters were optimized (inoculum size, agitation, and temperature) to achieve effective results in less period of time. The results obtained indicated that consortium in the ratio of 1 : 2 (effluent : biomass) at 200 rpm, 35°C is capable of effectively reducing the pollutional load of the sewage wastewaters, in terms of COD, BOD, TSS, and MLSS within the desired discharge limits, that is, 32 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 162 mg/L, and 190 mg/L. The use of such specific consortia can overcome the inefficiencies of the conventional biological treatment facilities currently operational in sewage treatment plants

Biological AOX removal of pulp mill plant effluent by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa – Bench study

Discharge of adsorbable organic halides (AOX) into the water bodies has resulted into many health and environmental problems such as endocrine disruption, aquatic toxicity, bioaccumulation and carcinogenicity. The already known physical, chemical and electrochemical methods are not economically viable for the control of water pollution. So this paper focuses on the biological reduction of AOX from pulp and paper mill effluent using isolated bacteria. The isolated bacteria were screened and finally Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 1 was used further. The effect of various parameters such as, bacterial cell concentration, surface washing of bacterial cell and agitation were investigated and it was found that to some extend every parameter has resulted in the reduction of AOX from the effluent. It was inferred that the three time washed pellet inoculated in the ratio of 1:1 (sample: pellet) and incubated at 150 rpm at 37°C for 24h has resulted in 78% of AOX removal

Bioremediation of Agro-Based Pulp Mill Effluent by Microbial Consortium Comprising Autochthonous Bacteria

Small-scale agro-based pulp and paper mills are characterized as highly polluting industries. These mills use Kraft pulping process for paper manufacturing due to which toxic lignified chemicals are released into the environment. Lack of infrastructure, technical manpower, and research and development facilities restricts these mills to recover these chemicals. Therefore, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the emanating stream is quite high. For solving the above problem, four bacteria were isolated from the premises of agro-based pulp and paper mill which were identified as species of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Pannonibacter, and Ochrobacterum. These bacteria were found capable of reducing COD up to 85%–86.5% in case of back water and 65-66% in case of back water : black liquor (60 : 40), respectively, after acclimatization under optimized conditions (pH 6.8, temperature 35°C, and shaking 200 rpm) when the wastewater was supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus as trace elements

Glycaemic and weight-loss outcomes of graded doses of canagliflozin in type 2 diabetes — a real-world study

Background. Costs are the most important cause of therapeutic non-compliance. Half canagliflozin (CANA)–300 tablet has lowest cost/mg among all CANA preparations; data are unavailable on efficacy of half CANA-300. This study evaluated weight loss and glycaemic outcomes of 100 mg versus 150 mg versus 300 mg of canagliflozin as part of standard therapy.Methods. Data, retrospectively captured from medical records of two centres in Delhi for patients > 35 years with type-2 diabetes (T2DM), and on canagliflozin, having > 6 months follow-up, were analysed. Patients were in 3-groups depending on canagliflozin dosage: Group 1 on canagliflozin 100 mg/day (1 tablet CANA-100), Group-2 on canagliflozin 150 mg/day (half tablet CANA-300), and Group 3 on canagliflozin 300 mg/day (1 tablet CANA-300). Primary endpoints were glycaemicefficacy and weight-loss.Results. From 3,569 records evaluated, 1,232 people with T2DM on canagliflozin were screened; data from 528 individuals analysed (257, 138 and 133 in Groups: 1, 2 and 3 respectively). People in all three groups were comparable with regards to sex, T2DM duration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), haemoglobin, creatinine, lipids, albuminuria and medications. Group-2 patients were youngest and had highest BMI. Following 6-months, both absolute and percent weight-loss was significantly higher in Group-2 (–3.5 kg [–6.60–0.00]; –3.62%), followed by Group-3 (–3.0 kg [–5.3 to –0.8]; –3.33%), and lowest in Group-1 (–1.05 kg [–2.85 to –0.17]; –1.31%) (P = 0.002 and 0.014, respectively). Glycaemic efficacy was comparable among groups.Conclusion. Half CANA-300 tablet has comparable glycaemic efficacy and weight-loss compared to single CANA-300 tablet, but superior weight-loss compared to CANA-100

Validation of computationally predicted substrates for laccase

Present study reports the validation (oxidation) of computationally predicted oxidation of xenobiotic contaminants by commercially available pure laccase from Trametes versicolor. Selected contaminants were predicted as potential targets for laccase oxidation by using in-silico docking tool. The oxidation by laccase was measured by change in absorbance at specific λ max of each compound. Sinapic acid and tyrosine were taken as positive and negative controls, respectively. Oxidation was observed in m-chlorophenol, 2,4 di-chlorophenol, 2,4,6 tri-chlorophenol, captan, atrazine and thiodicarb, except malathion, which showed no activity. It could be speculated that the predicted substrates showing oxidation shared homology at structural and chemical level with positive control compounds. In case of malathion, structural non-homology with sinapic acid could be attributed to its inactivity towards laccase that required further structural analysis. Thus, a remediation tool proposing an advanced remediation approach combining the application of theoretical in-silico method and subsequent experimental validation using pure laccase could be proposed. As number and type of xenobiotics increase, the unfeasibility to screen them experimentally for bioremediation also rise. This approach would be useful to reduce the time and cost required in other screening methods

Kontrola glikemii i redukcja masy ciała podczas stosowania różnych dawek kanagliflozyny w chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 — badanie w warunkach rzeczywistej praktyki klinicznej

Wstęp. Najważniejszą przyczyną nieprzestrzegania zaleceń terapeutycznych są koszty leczenia. Połowa tabletki kanagliflozyny 300 mg (cANA-300) charakteryzuje się najmniejszym kosztem w przeliczeniu na miligram spośród wszystkich preparatów kanagliflozyny, nie ma natomiast danych na temat skuteczności połowy tabletki cANA-300. W niniejszym badaniu oceniono redukcję masy ciała i kontrolę glikemii w trakcie stosowania kanagliflozyny w dawkach 100, 150 i 300 mg w ramach standardowego leczenia. Materiał i metody. Przeanalizowano retrospektywnie dane z dokumentacji medycznej z dwóch ośrodków w Delhi, uzyskane u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2  w wieku > 35 lat, leczonych kanagliflozyną, których obserwowano przez > 6 miesięcy. chorych podzielono na trzy grupy w zależności od dawki kanagliflozyny: grupa 1 otrzymywała dawkę 100 mg  dziennie (1 tabletka cANA-100), grupa 2 — 150 mg dziennie (pół tabletki cANA-300), a grupa 3 — 300 mg dziennie (1 tabletka cANA-300). Głównymi ocenianymi punktami końcowymi były skuteczność, kontroli glikemii i redukcja masy ciała. Wyniki. Przeanalizowano 3569 rekordów, przesiewo-wej ocenie poddano 1232 chorych na cukrzycę typu 2  leczonych kanagliflozyną, a ostatecznie analizie poddano dane uzyskane od 528 osób (257 w grupie 1, 138 w grupie 2 i 133 w grupie 3). charakterystyka osób w trzech grupach była podobna pod wzglę-dem proporcji płci, czasu trwania cukrzycy typu 2, odsetka hemoglobiny glikowanej (HbA1c), stężeń hemoglobiny i kreatyniny, parametrów lipidowych, albuminurii oraz stosowanych leków. Pacjenci w grupie 2 byli najmłodsi i cechowali się największym wskaźnikiem masy ciała. Po 6 miesiącach zarówno bezwzględne, jak i procentowe zmniejszenie masy ciała okazało się największe w grupie 2 [–3,5 kg (od –6,60 do 0,00); –3,62%], mniejsze w grupie 3 [–3,0 kg (od –5,3 do –0,8); –3,33%], a najmniejsze w grupie 1 [–1,05 kg (od –2,85 do –0,17); –1,31%] (odpowiednio p = 0,002 i 0,014). Skuteczność kontroli glikemii była podobna we wszystkich trzech grupach. Wnioski. Leczenie połową tabletki cANA-300 wiąże się z podobną skutecznością kontroli glikemii i redukcją masy ciała jak stosowanie całej tabletki cANA-300, ale prowadzi do wyraźniejszego zmniejszenia masy ciała w porównaniu z cANA-100.

Restructuring BOD : COD Ratio of Dairy Milk Industrial Wastewaters in BOD Analysis by Formulating a Specific Microbial Seed

BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) is the pollution index of any water sample. One of the main factors influencing the estimation of BOD is the nature of microorganisms used as seeding material. In order to meet the variation in wastewater characteristics, one has to be specific in choosing the biological component that is the seeding material. The present study deals with the estimation of BOD of dairy wastewater using a specific microbial consortium and compares of the results with seeding material (BODSEED). Bacterial strains were isolated from 5 different sources and were screened by the conventional BOD method. The selected microbial seed comprises of Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp. BOD : COD (Chemical oxygen demand) ratio using the formulated seed comes in the range of 0.7-0.8 whereas that using BODSEED comes in the ratio of 0.5-0.6. The ultimate BOD (UBOD) was also performed by exceeding the 3-day dilution BOD test. After 90 days, it has been observed that the ratio of BOD : COD increased in case of selected consortium 7 up to 0.91 in comparison to 0.74 by BODSEED. The results were analyzed statistically by t-test and it was observed that selected consortium was more significant than the BODSEED