Physical properties of golf and sports turf root-zones as affected by amendments, construction methods, and management practices

Inorganic soil amendments have been suggested for use in sand-based golf and sports turf root zones to alleviate soil compaction, increase water retention and hydraulic conductivity. The overall objectives of my research are to investigate the physical properties of sand-based media modified by soil amendments and to quantitatively evaluate sand particle shape and roundness for sports turf surface stability.;On a flat green study we found that porous ceramic clay (PCC) increased both Ksat and water retention. Hydraulic conductivity of the sand/inorganic mixtures decreased over two years, although some increase were observed each spring.;In a laboratory study simulating freeze/thaw effects, we found that after 20 freeze/thaw cycles, sand amended with polymer coated clay (PC) had a 7.6% decrease in bulk density from the compacted sample. The percentage weight of the finest particles increased due to freeze/thaw cycles. After 20 cycles of freeze/thaw, Ksat values of sand amended with PCC and calcined diatomaceous earth (CDE) were 25 and 33% higher than the control, respectively.;A sloped research green was topdressed with mixtures of sand and soil amendments. During most of the growing season in 1999, the preloaded fertilizer in zeolite clinoptilolite might be responsible for the better quality of this product during non-stressed period. Its low turf quality after water stress and in the spring of 2000 could have been caused by toxicity from its high Na and K contents.;In the study of sand shape and roundness evaluation, mason sand, concrete sand, silica sand, crushed brick, crushed glass, and crushed stone were used to cover a wide range of shapes and roundness. We used glass beads as the base line. A roughness index (Ir) was proposed as the ratio of the particle surface area to the area of a sphere of the same volume. Angle at repose, coefficient of uniformity (CU), coefficient of friction (CF), and two-dimensional image analysis were also included in the evaluation of the materials. Principle component analysis indicated that only three factors---angle at repose, CU, and Ir---are necessary to explain 98.5% of the variance contributing to surface stability of sand-based media

The Study on Numerical Simulation of Classrooms Using Hybrid Ventilation Under Different Solar Chimney Radiation

AbstractBased on the known geometric model of classrooms using hybrid ventilation with solar chimney, the solar radiation intensity of the solar chimney's effect on indoor air temperature and velocity is simulated and analyzed based on the Fluent software. Combined with the numerical simulation analysis, it can be seen that ventilation quantity increases with the increase of solar radiation and the variation of average temperature with a series of room heights under different solar radiation can be available. Study and Research on the solar chimney can provide the theoretical evidence for the ventilation effect of classrooms, however, a more accurate conclusion will be required for further study on the numerical simulation and experimental verification

Study on Application of Solar Water Heat Pump for Building in China

AbstractIn order to solve the issue of applicability of solar water source heat pump for building, this article analyzes the load characteristics in different climate regions based on the three typical cities which are Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, then sets up system mathematical models, uses the eQUEST set up the building model and puts the model into TRNSYS to do the optimization calculation. According to the theory of Life Cycle Assessment, this article analyzes the applicability of solar water source heat pump for building by taking feasibility, energy saving property, economy and environmental protection property as technical index and get the conclusion that the applicability of solar water source heat pump for building in severe cold region and cold region is well and the environmental benefit is obvious

Numerical investigation of the energy performance of a guideless irregular heat and mass exchanger with corrugated heat transfer surface for dew point cooling

© 2016 The Author(s) The paper presents an investigation into the energy performance of a novel irregular heat and mass exchanger for dew point cooling which, compared to the existing flat-plate heat exchangers, removed the use of the channel supporting guides and implemented the corrugated heat transfer surface, thus expecting to achieve the reduced air flow resistance, increased heat transfer area, and improved energy efficiency (i.e. Coefficient of Performance (COP)) of the air cooling process. CFD simulation was carried out to determine the flow resistance (K) factors of various elements within the dry and wet channels of the exchanger, while the ‘finite-element’ based ‘Newton-iteration’ numerical simulation was undertaken to investigate its cooling capacity, cooling effectiveness and COP at various geometrical and operational conditions. Compared to the existing flat-plate heat and mass exchangers with the same geometrical dimensions and operational conditions, the new irregular exchanger could achieve 32.9%–37% higher cooling capacity, dew-point and wet-bulb effectiveness, 29.7%–33.3% higher COP, and 55.8%–56.2% lower pressure drop. While undertaking dew point air cooling, the irregular heat and mass exchanger had the optimum air velocity of 1 m/s within the flow channels and working-to-intake air ratio of 0.3, which allowed the highest cooling capacity and COP to be achieved. In terms of the exchanger dimensions, the optimum height of the channel was 5 mm while its length was in the range 1–2 m. Overall, the proposed irregular heat and mass exchanger could lead to significant enhanced energy performance compared to the existing flat-plate dew point cooling heat exchanger of the same geometrical dimensions. To achieve the same amount cooling output, the irregular heat and mass exchanger had the reduced size and cost against the flat-plate ones

Application of the VRV Air-Conditioning System Heat Recovery Series in Interior Zone and Analysis of its Energy Saving

Abstract: To reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning systems, we can use the VRV air conditioning system to supply cold loads in the winter for rooms in the construction inner zone where cold loads need to be supplied. The VRV air-conditioning system of variable frequency technology can achieve the effect of energy conservation. In this article, we analyze the application of the VRV air conditioning system heat recovery series in the construction inner zone and its energy saving characteristics via a project example

Circulating tissue factor-positive procoagulant microparticles in patients with type 1 diabetes

Aim: To investigate the count of circulating tissue factor-positive (TF+) procoagulant microparticles (MPs) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: This case-control study included patients with T1DM and age and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The counts of phosphatidylserine-positive (PS+) MPs and TF(+)PS(+)MPs and the subgroups derived from different cell types were measured in the peripheral blood sample of the two groups using multicolor flow cytometric assay. We compared the counts of each MP between groups as well as the ratio of the TF(+)PS(+)MPs and PS(+)MPs (TF(+)PS(+)MPs/PS(+)MPs). Results: We recruited 36 patients with T1DM and 36 matched healthy controls. Compared with healthy volunteers, PS(+)MPs, TF(+)PS(+)MPs and TF(+)PS(+)MPs/PS(+)MPs were elevated in patients with T1DM (PS(+)MPs: 1078.5 +/- 158.08 vs 686.84 +/- 122.04/mu L, P &lt;0.001; TF(+)PS(+)MPs: 202.10 +/- 47.47 vs 108.33 +/- 29.42/mu L, P &lt;0.001; and TF(+)PS(+)MPs/PS(+)MPs: 0.16 +/- 0.04 vs 0.19 +/- 0.05, P = 0.004), mostly derived from platelet, lymphocytes and endothelial cells. In the subgroup analysis, the counts of total and platelet TF(+)PS(+)MPs were increased in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and with higher HbA1c, respectively. Conclusion: Circulating TF(+)PS(+)MPs and those derived from platelet, lymphocytes and endothelial cells were elevated in patients with T1DM.De tre första författarna delar förstaförfattarskapet.</p