Tri Rismaharini's Androgynous Leadership: Strategizing “Hegemonic Masculinity”i

This paper analyses the leadership style of Tri Rismaharini, the Mayor of Surabaya City (2010-2020) using feminist research methodology by centralizing on women‟s personal experiences in a specific context to gain knowledge based on their real life experiences. It employed a qualitative approach by using various videos and written materials of Risma‟s attitudes and experiences as a female political leader. The findings discover that unlike the common feminine leadership style of Indonesian female political leaders, Risma‟s shows a masculine leadership style. It can be seen from her assertive approaches while closing down Gang Dolly located in Surabaya as the biggest red-light district in Southeast Asia. Interestingly, Risma‟s masculinity is combined with motherly value which results in an androgynous leadership style. This paper shows that rather than merely accepting the western notion which believes that the more a woman shows masculinity, the more she hits the ground running for exercising power in the male-dominated political atmosphere. This paper would like to show that Javanese society‟s acceptance of Risma‟s leadership style indicates their approval for female leadership and wider tolerance towards new value of masculinity performed by a female leader despite inconsistency with the gender normative standard of feminine Javanese women. This paper concludes by emphasizing that Risma‟s masculine leadership traits can be seen as strategizing a move towards hijacking “hegemonic masculinity”

Female Leadership and Democratization in Local Politics Since 2005: Trend, Prospect, and Reflection in Indonesia

Analisis dan refleksi mengenai perkembangan demokratisasi di Indonesia pasca-OrdeBaru (setelah lengsernya Suharto sejak Mei 1998) dapat ditinjau dari perkembangandemokratisasi di tingkat lokal. Kebijakan desentralisasi baru, khususnya mengenaimekanisme pemilihan kepala daerah secara langsung (pemilukada langsung) sejaktahun 2005, merupakan salah satu rangkaian demokratisasi di tingkat lokal. Tulisanini menganalisis demokratisasi di tingkat lokal, khususnya melihat dampak pemilukadalangsung terhadap peran politik dan kepemimpinan perempuan. menganalisis tatacara pemilihan kepala daerah sesuai ketentuan UU No. 32/2004 dan data jumlah kandidat perempuan yang mencalonkan diri dalam pemilukada langsung sejak tahun 2005memberikan gambaran tren, karakteristik, dan prospek kepemimpinan perempuanyang muncul di tingkat lokal. Analisis terhadap tren dan karakteristik kepemimpinan perempuan di tingkat lokal sebagai dampak positif demokratisasi di Indonesiamerefleksikan pemahaman baru tentang peran agama (khususnya Islam), gender, danhubungan kekerabatan (familial ties) sebagai faktor penting yang ditemukan dibalikfenomena politik tersebut

The Effect of Squid Extract (Loligo SP) on TNF-α and TGF-β1 Serum Levels During Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose known as hyperglycaemia. Diabetes is due to impaired insulin action in the metabolism of glucose and can result in impaired wound healing. Excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increased number of macrophages and neutrophils, and decreased levels of transforming growth factor - beta 1 (TGF-β1) serum can be characteristic of impaired wound healing. This study aims to determine the effects of squid extract on certain wound parameters such as levels of tumour necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-α), and TGF-β1 serum and the number of macrophages and neutrophils. Methods: This was a post-test only, randomized controlled group study that was conducted on male Wistar rats. Experimental animals were divided into 6 groups; (1) normal wound with standard diet, (2) diabetic wound with standard diet, (3) diabetic wound with chitosan supplement, (4) diabetic wound given squid extract orally once a day, (5) diabetic wound given squid extract orally twice a day, and (6) diabetic wound given squid extract orally once every two days. Levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1 serum were observed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Haematocylin and eosin staining was used to observed macrophage and neutrophil counts. All data was analysed statistically by one-way analysis of variance. Results: TNF-α serum levels showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in subjects that received squid extract orally once every two days. The mean levels of TGF-β1 showed no significant differences. The mean number of macrophage cells showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups. The mean number of neutrophil cells also showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups. Conclusions: Squid extract is effective in lowering the TNF-α serum levels and the number of macrophages and neutrophils cells in Wistar rats. However, there were insignificant findings on increasing levels of TGF-β1 serum. This data suggests that squid extract is most effective during the inflammatory phase of wound healing which takes places about 2-4 days after wound creation

Intensitas Distres Penyusunan Skripsi Ditinjau Dari Tipe – Tipe Dukungan Sosial Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang

Intensitas distres penyusunan skripsi adalah tinggi rendahnya suatu keadaan penderitaan emosional mahasiswa yang ditandai dengan gejala depresi dan gejala kecemasan ketika sedang menyusun karya ilmiah yang menjadi persyaratan akhir pendidikan akademisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tipe dukungan sosial yang paling memberikan pengaruh pada intesitas distres penyusunan skripsi pada mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang.Penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling, sebanyak 35 mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang menjadi sampel penelitian. Pengumpulan data menggunakan dua buah skala psikologi, yaitu skala intensitas distres penyusunan skripsi (42 aitem, valid α = 0,941) dan skala tipe – tipe dukungan sosial yang terbagi menjadi tiga subskala, yaitu subskala dukungan informasional (31 aitem, valid α = 0,914), subskala dukungan emosional (29 aitem, valid α = 0,917), dan subskala dukungan instrumental (29 aitem, valid α = 0,917).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan koefisien determinasi dukungan informasional terhadap intensitas distres penyusunan skripsi sebesar 0,244 (R2 = 24,4%), dukungan emosional terhadap intensitas distres penyusunan skripsi sebesar 0,187 (R2 = 18,7%), dan dukungan instrumental terhadap intensitas distres penyusunan skripsi sebesar 0,165 (R2 = 16,5%). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan peneliti, yaitu dukungan informasional merupakan dukungan yang paling berpengaruh untuk mengurangi intensitas distress penyusunan skripsi pada mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang diterima

Pengaruh Kepercayaan Merek Terhadap Loyalitas Merek Melalui Keputusan Pembelian. (Studi Kasus Pelanggan Kendaraan Truk Fuso Merek Mitsubishi Pada PT. Borobudur Oto Mobil Di Kota Semarang)

Customer loyalty to the brand is a very important concept, especially on condition that the level of competition is very tight with low growth. In such conditions on brand loyalty is needed so that the company can survive. There are four variables that will be used as independent variables in this study, namely, the predictability of the brand, the brand competence, confidence in the company, and brand preferences.This study was conducted to determine the effect of predictability brand, brand competence, confidence in the company, and brand preferences on purchasing decisions and customer loyalty Mitsubishi truck. In this study using sampling techniques respondent random sampling, the number of respondents as many as 92 respondents. Analysis of the data used is path analysis.The results showed that the predictability of the brand, the brand competence, confidence in the company, and brand preferences partially and simultaneously has significant influence on purchasing decisions and loyalty. Based on path analysis, purchasing decision is a mediating variable on customer loyalty. Suggestions for the company is better able to improve the quality of Mitsubishi products, advantages and its uniqueness, able to educate their customers and increase the safety equipment in the truck

Penguatan Pengelolaan Keuangan Negara melalui Mekanisme Checks And Balances System

Tulisan ini memfokuskan pada 2 (dua) isu utama, yaitu: pertama, bagaimana membangun mekanisme sistem checks and balances dalam mengelola keuangan negara, agar sejalan dengan upaya mewujudkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan negara? Kedua, bagaimana mengimplementasikan fungsi pengawasan intern pemerintah sebagai bagian dari pengelolaan keuangan negara? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan analitis dan yurisprudensi. Sifat dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif analitis. Mekanisme sistem checks and balances dalam mengelola keuangan negara tidak didukung dengan independensi bendahara pada kementerian/lembaga, karena bendahara diangkat oleh Menteri/Kepala Lembaga sebagai pengguna anggaran/pengguna barang dari kementerian/lembaga yang bersangkutan. Menteri Keuangan sebagai Bendahara Umum Negara tidak memiliki aparat pengawas intern sebagai bagian dari sistem pengendalian intern Bendahara Umum Negara. Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Keuangan adalah aparat pengawasan intern Menteri Keuangan sebagai Pengguna Anggaran/Barang. Pemerintah juga perlu melakukan restrukturisasi otoritas pengawasan intern-nya, dengan menempatkan Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP) sebagai aparat pengawasan intern Menteri Keuangan sebagai Bendahara Umum Negara. Bendahara pada kementerian/lembaga direposisi menjadi pegawai negeri Kementerian Keuangan yang ditempatkan di kementerian/lembaga.This paper focuses on two key issues, which are: First, how to build a mechanism of checks and balances system in managing state finance so it will in line with the efforts to achieve transparency and accountability in state finance? Second, how to implement the function of the government internal control as part of the state finance management? The research method used in this paper is normative juridical methods. The approach used in this paper is the analytical and jurisprudential approach. The nature of the research conducted is descriptive analytical research. The checks and balances system mechanism in managing state financeis not supported by the independence of the treasurer at the ministries / agencies, since they are elected by the Minister / Chairman of the Institution as a budget user / users of goods at the ministry / institution. Minister of Finance as State General Treasury officials do not have internal control officials as part of its internal control system. Internal control officers of the ministry of finance is the internal control official Minister of Finance as the Budget User / goods. The government also needs to restructured intern supervisory authorities, by placing the Finance and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) as an internal control official of the Minister of Finance as General Treasurer. Treasurer of the ministries / agencies to be repositioned as a civil servant ministry of finance

Developing Children’s Financial Quotient (FQ) Through the ‘Tangga Uang’ Educational Game

Financial literacy needs to be given since childhood because it will make individual growth easier to understand financial intelligence and life skills. The form of the game has an important role in internalizing the values to be invested. The game of money ladder has the advantage of side; design logo, color, content and message of education, psychology. The results shown from the games played by children that children begin to enjoy simple knowledge related to financial literacy. The role of the family remains necessary to accompany and explain knowledge into simple language.     Keywords: Financial literacy, Motor psychology of children, The game of money ladde