Comparison of Nelder Mead and BFGS Algorithms on Geographically Weighted Multivariate Negative Binomial

Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR) was proposed related to univariate spatial count data with overdispersion using MLE via Newton Raphson algorithm. However, the Newton Raphson algorithm has the weakness, it tends to depend on the initial value. Therefore, it can have false convergence if the initial value is mistaken. In this research, we derive estimating the mean of dependent variables of multivariate spatial count data with overdispersion, Geographically Weighted Multivariate Negative Binomial (GWMNB) and compare it to the global method, multivariate negative binomial (MNB). We use MLE via Nelder Mead and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithms. We conduct the simulation study and application of mortality data to find out the characteristics of the methods. They show that GWMNB performs better than global method (MNB) in estimating the means of dependent variables of the spatial data. The Nelder Mead tends to be more successful in estimating the means for all locations than BFGS algorithm. Although BFGS is a stable algorithm in MNB related to the initial value, it tends to have false convergence in GWMNB. The mortality rate of infant is larger than it of toddler and preschool and also maternal. The highest deaths of infant, toddler, and preschool and also maternal tend to happen in east parts of East Java

“the Influence of Customer Value, Brand Trust, and Emotional Relationship Toward Customer Taplus Loyalty” (Study on Bni Branch of Undip Semarang)

This research was motivated by the tendency of customers have accounts at several banks are often regarded as common practice in the banking industry in this country. This suggests that to boost customer loyalty is not an easy job. In particular, this study discusses the BNI which decreased loyalty index based on Indonesian Bank Loyalty Award 2014. The higher of the value that customer perceived, the customer loyalty will be higher too. In addition, trust and management of the relationship between banks and customers is important to encourage customers to have a bond with the product used.The objective of this research is to examine the influence of customer value, brand trust and emotional relationship toward customer Taplus BNI loyalty. The type of this research is explanatory research. Non-probability technique that is purposive sampling were used as sampling technique with sample amounted to 98 people. The data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, determination coefficient, t and F test using SPSS 16.0.The result of data analysis showed that variable customer value (X1), brand trust (X2), and emotional relationship (X3) either partially or simultaneously have a positive influence on loyalty (Y). Customer value is a variable that gives the biggest influence while brand trust gives the smallest influence toward loyalty.The advice that given to BNI about customer value is socialization of e-banking have to more intense, adding cash deposit machine facilities and self-passbook printing machine, and more attractive promotion. About brand trust is disclosure provisions of promotional prizes, clarity standard complaint handling time and improving IT systems. About emotional relationship is improving personal inform about promotion and event, human resource development and improvement of the relationship between the bank and its customers

Model Transportasi Menghitung Biaya Terendah Menggunakan Metode Modified Distribution (Modi)

Modified Distribution (MODI) method of the operation research\u27s in Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Adisutjipto Informatic Engineering is one of method which optimal solution low cost in the transportation model. MODI is using Northwest Corner method to determine the initial allocation, which will be processed to obtain a more optimal solution. MODI method is aplied to a desktop-based application that aims to help lecturer on presentation material. The results of 2 test on 1 primary user respondent 85,81% for 30 questions, test of 30 secondary user respondent with, Display/Graphical User Interface (GUI) (74,67%), Speed/Conveniences Of Access to information (80,92%), Accuracy Of Information (82,89%), and User Satisfaction (81,90%). Low cost application of Transportation Model with MODI method is very good

PENGARUH VARIASI KANDUNGAN SILICA FUME TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON BERAGREGAT PLASTIK POLYPROPYLENE DENGAN SUPERPLASTICIZER

ABSTRAK PENGARUH VARIASI KANDUNGAN SILICA FUME TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON BERAGREGAT PLASTIK POLYPROPYLENE DENGAN SUPERPLASTICIZER Oleh : Dika Dewi Pratiwi, Nyimas Siti Yuliani Saptaprima Limbah plastik sukar terdegradasi secara alami dan membutuhkan waktu ratusan tahun agar dapat terurai. Substitusi limbah plastik pada beton dilakukan untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan, meningkatkan daur ulang, dan mengurangi pemakaian agregat (batu pecah dan pasir) pada beton. Polypropylene (PP) digunakan sebagi salah satu jenis plastik daur ulang. Pengujian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perilaku akibat variasi kandungan silica fume terhadap beton beragregat plastik polypropylene dengan superplasticizer. Sebagai pembanding, digunakan beton normal fc’ 25 MPa (tanpa substitusi plastik) sebagai referensi. Pada pengujian umur 28 hari didapatkan nilai kuat tekan beton beragregat plastik polypropylene dengan proporsi normal (tanpa substitusi plastik), 0% silica fume, 5% silica fume, 10% silica fume, 15% silica fume masing-masing adalah 28,766 MPa; 22,352 MPa; 29,143 MPa; 22,258 MPa; dan 17,071 MPa dengan berat beton adalah 12552,7 gram; 11551,2 gram; 11408,7 gram; 11269,2 gram; dan 11157,7 gram. Kesimpulan dalam pengujian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai kuat tekan beton beragregat plastik polypropylene dengan variasi kandungan silica fume 5% lebih tinggi dibandingkan lainnya dan berat beton beragregat plastik polypropylene lebih ringan dibandingkan beton normal

Development of Larvae Rainbow Fish Boesemani (Melanotaenia Boesemani): Phase Depreciation of Yellow Egg, Forming Eyes and Opening of Mouth

– One of the factors that caused larval mortality is the availability of food which is not in accordance with the mouth opening. At the same time the larvae require considerable energy to the development of organs. The Completeness of organs used in feed searching as the eyes is also becoming important. The larvae use eyes to see the feed material in their surrounding waters. This study aimed to measure the volume of egg yolk, eye diameter and wide mouth opening during larval development rainbow fish boesemani (Melanotaenia boesemani). The stages of the research include larval maintenance, depreciation egg yolk observations, calculate the size of the increase in larval eye and mouth openings. The results of this study showed that newly hatched rainbow boesemani larvae have egg yolks, eyes and mouth. The newly hatched larvae have a yolk volume average of 0.053 mm3. Egg yolks will expire at the time of 2 days old larvae. The formation of the eye, has occurred inside the eggs and newly hatched larvae have an average diameter of eye of 0.459 mm. The newly hatched larvae have a wide mouth opening average of 0.229 mm. An larvae older than 21 days and 30 days has a wide mouth opening average of 0.82 mm and 1.725 mm. Keywords – Rainbow fish Melanotaenia boesemani, larval development, egg yolks, eyes, mout

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Cina (Peperomia Pellucida) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes dan Tinjauannya Menurut Pandangan Islam

Latar Belakang : Prevalensi acne vulgaris di Indonesia cukup tinggi, yaitu berkisar antara 85-100% orang, Bakteri penyebab acne vulgaris antara lain Propionibacterium acnes. Propionibacterium acnes merupakan bakteri flora normal dengan sifat Gram positif dan anaerob dimana bakteri ini menghasilkan lipase yang memecah asam lemak bebas dari lipid kulit dan mengakibatkan inflamasi jaringan. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas ekstrak daun sirih Cina terhadap hambatan pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Metode : Metode yang dilakukan untuk menguji daya antibakteri pada penelitian ini adalah metode disc diffusion yaitu menggunaakan cakram yang ditanam pada media brucella agar. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak daun sirih Cina (Peperomia pellucida) adalah metode maserasi. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih Cina 25% dan 50% tidak didapatkan adanya zona hambat. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih Cina 75% didapatkan zona hambat 10 mm, pada konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirih Cina 100% didapatkan zona hambat 11,17 mm. Zona hambat kontrol positif yaitu menggunakan antibiotik eritromisin didapatkan sebesar 49.04 mm, pada kontrol negatif menggunakan aquadest steril tidak terlihat adanya zona hambat. Hasil uji kebermaknaan ekstrak daun sirih Cina (Peperomia pellucida) dari hasil klasifikasi Greenwood pada uji Post hoc, perbedaan antar konsentrasi didapatkan nilai P < 0,05 dinyatkan bermakna pada masing-masing konsentrasi kecuali 25% dan 50%. Kesimpulan : Ekstrak daun sirih Cina memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes diantara konsentrasi 75% dan 100% namun tidak cukup efektif untuk menghambat perttumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes

The Diversity of Tropical Lowland Artemisia annua L. and ITS Artemisinin Content Potencies

Artemisia annua L. is the main source of artemisinin, an anti-malarial drug, originating from subtropical regions. In Indonesia, it is generally planted in the highlands, which become a limiting factor to expand the range of A. annua cultivation . The study aims at finding the strains/clusters of A. annua that are able to grow well in tropical lowlands as well as produce high biomass and artemisinin content. To achieve this objective, the A. annua plants were planted on land with a height of 38 m above sea level, up to five generations. Sixty (60) plants were selected randomly and observed its morphological characteristics and content of artemisinin in the leaves. Four qualitative morphological characters (Circumscriptio and the color of leaves; stems colors and the branching syste; length of branchtea; inflorescentia) and quantitative morphological characters (plant height, the number of primary branching system; length of brachtea; inflorescentia) and quantitative morphological characters (plant height, the number of primary branches; the biomass dry weights; Artemisinin content of leaves) were identified in this studies. The artemisinin content was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The result showed that A. annua can grow well and can be grouped into 10 clusters based on morphological character defferences, with artemisinin level, ranging from 0.286% - 1.330%. the strains that have the highest artemisinin content of 1.330% are strains from cluster 4 (four) which morphological characters of large stem with green and purple streak color, long internodes, small leaves and few branching. While those wwith high biomass and aremisinin content are the strain from clusters 2 and 8 with biomass dry weight of 389.9 g and 446.3 g; and artemisinin content of 0.914% and 0.863% respectively