Lateks karet alam untuk sol sepatu: Metode pembuatan, sifat mekanik dan morfologi

The objective of this research were to determine the manufacturing method, to obtain the best formula and to study the morphologycal properties of natural rubber latex shoe sole. This method was conducted in three steps of process; thermoforming, micropore treatment in water, and vulcanization. The testing method and quality requirement parameters using SNI 0778:2009. These latex shoe sole was made using 5 phr Nano Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (NPCC) filler, with varying addition of CaCO3 filler in 0, 5, 10,15, and 20 phr combination. The best formula was achieved from the combination of NPCC/CaCO3 filler about 5/5 phr. And its mechanical properties result was concluded as follows: tensile strength was 169,87 kg/cm2, elongation at break was 648,03 %, hardness was 46,33 shore A, good flexing and no cracks, density was 0,93 g/cm3, abrasion resistance was 346,26 mm3, 50% permanent set was 2,15%. All of the parameters required in SNI 0778:2009 were complied, except for its hardness parameter.Keywords: natural rubber latex, shoe sole, casting,ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari metode pembuatan sol sepatu dari lateks karet alam dengan cetak tuang, mendapatkan formula terbaik berdasarkan sifat mekanik, serta mempelajari sifat morfologinya. Metode tersebut dilakukan dengan tiga tahap, yaitu pembentukan, perendaman dalam air, dan vulkanisaasi. Sol sepatu lateks dibuat dengan bahan pengisi Nano Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (NPCC) sebanyak 5 phr, dan bahan pengisi tambahan CaCO3 bervariasi mulai dari 0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 phr. Pengujian menggunakan metode dan syarat mutu sesuai SNI 0778:2009. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula terbaik yang didapat menggunakan kombinasi bahan pengisi NPCC/CaCO3 sebesar 5/0 phr. Sifat mekanik yang diperoleh adalah tegangan putus sebesar 169,87 kg/cm2, perpanjangan putus sebesar 648,03%, kekerasan sebesar 46,33 shore A, ketahanan retak lentur yang baik dan tidak retak, bobot jenis sebesar 0,93 g/cm3, ketahanan kikis 346,26 mm3, perpanjangan tetap 50% sebesar 2,15%. Seluruh parameter uji memenuhi syarat mutu SNI 0778:2009, kecuali kekerasannya.Kata kunci: lateks, karet alam, sol sepatu, cetak tuan

Pengaruh variasi rasio HAF/SRF terhadap sifat vulkanisat NBR

ABSTRACTThe objectives of the research were to study the effect of HAF/SRF black ratio and the loading of sulfur on vulcanization characteristic, swelling behaviour and compression set of NBR vulcanizates. The ratio of HAF/SRF were 0/70; 10/60; 20/50; 30/40; 35/35; 40/30; 50/20 and 70/0 phr, respectively. The observation of this research consist of curing characteristic, morphology property and swelling equilibrium. Curing characteristic was determined from cure rate index (CRI), vulcanizates morphology was studied by SEM and swelling equilibrium was conducted by immersion test using benzene. The data were analyzed qualitatively to see the respond of the variable on physical properties. The curing characteristic of double filler vulcanizates was higher than those with single filler. Solvent uptake for double filler present in between to those with HAF or SRF. All of vulcanizates indicate the anomalous mass tranfer, with n>0,5 and constant k showed the same trend. The intrinsic diffusivity (D*), sorption and permeation coefficient showed similar trend and the maximum was obtained by the ratio HAF/SRF 0/70.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari pengaruh rasio HAF/SRF terhadap karakteristik vulkanisat, kesetimbangan swelling dan perpindahan massa pada vulkanisat NBR. Rasio HAF/SRF yang digunakan berturut – turut 0/70; 10/60; 20/50; 30/40; 35/35; 40/30; 50/20 dan 70/0 phr. Pengamatan dilakukan pada karakteristik vulkanisasi, sifat morfologi dan kesetimbangan swelling. Data dianalisa secara kualitatif untuk melihat respon variabel penelitian terhadap sifat fisis vulkanisat. Karakteristik vulkanisasi ditentukan dari nilai indeks kecepatanvulkanisasi (cure rate index/CRI), morfologi vulkanisat dipelajari menggunakan alat SEM, dan kesetimbangan swelling dilakukan dengan cara perendaman dalam benzen dengan menghitung kecepatan penetrasi dan koefisien difusinya. Karakteristik vulkanisasi vulkanisat bahan pengisiganda memberikan nilai lebih tinggi daripada dengan bahan pengisi tunggal. Konsumsi pelarut (uptake) vulkanisat dengan bahan pengisi HAF dan SRF mempunyai nilai berada diantara vulkanisat dengan bahan pengisi tunggal. Mekanisme perpindahan massa untuk keseluruhan rasio HAF/SRF mengindikasikan anomali dengan nilai n>0,5 dan konstanta k yang relatif sama. Koefisien difusi intrinsik (D*), koefisien serapan (S) dan koefisien permeasi (P) secara umum menunjukkan kecenderungan dan nilai maksimum diberikan oleh rasio 0/70

Reologi, sifat aging, termal, dan swelling dari campuran EPDM/NR dengan bahan pengisi carbon black N220

The blends of EPDM and NR are immiscible in nature and incompatible. Introducing maleic anhydride as a compatibilizer into the blends was expected to produce compatible blends with balanced mechanical properties. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of EPDM/NR ratio on the rheological, aging, thermal and swelling properties of the blends. The variation of EPDM/NR ratio were 100/0, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, and 40/60 phr. The blends were mixed using two roll mill. The results showed that the addition of NR affects the maximum torque, scorch time, and optimum vulcanization time. In the blends, EPDM plays an important role in improving aging, swelling, thermal properties

Lateks karet alam untuk sol sepatu: Metode pembuatan, sifat mekanik dan morfologi

The objective of this research were to determine the manufacturing method, to obtain the best formula and to study the morphologycal properties of natural rubber latex shoe sole. This method was conducted in three steps of process; thermoforming, micropore treatment in water, and vulcanization. The testing method and quality requirement parameters using SNI 0778:2009. These latex shoe sole was made using 5 phr Nano Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (NPCC) filler, with varying addition of CaCO3 filler in 0, 5, 10,15, and 20 phr combination. The best formula was achieved from the combination of NPCC/CaCO3 filler about 5/5 phr. And its mechanical properties result was concluded as follows: tensile strength was 169,87 kg/cm2, elongation at break was 648,03 %, hardness was 46,33 shore A, good flexing and no cracks, density was 0,93 g/cm3, abrasion resistance was 346,26 mm3, 50% permanent set was 2,15%. All of the parameters required in SNI 0778:2009 were complied, except for its hardness parameter

Performance of binary accelarator system on natural rubber compound

Accelerator system provides different response onto the rubber compound, and in turn influences its final properties. Accelerators, such as 2,2'-Dithiobis (benzothiazole) (MBTS), N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-Sulfenamide (CBS) and diphenyl guanidine (DPG), has been selected for the study. Response of paired accelerator, MBTS/DPG and CBS/DPG in various ratio, on natural rubber (NR) compound was evaluated. Rheological properties and cure characteristics of the compounds were analyzed using Mooney viscometer and moving die rheometer (MDR) typically. Results findings showed that incorporation of DPG into the system has increased the viscosity of the compound and effected the molecular weight during the process. Further, the addition of DPG also shortened the induction period by reducing the scorch time (ts2) and decreasing the cure time (t90). Binary paired accelerator resulted in poor flow characteristic as a result of strong domination of elastic element. In general, the CBS-based system provided more balance characteristic than those of MBTS-based

Performance of binary accelarator system on natural rubber compound

Accelerator system provides different response onto the rubber compound, and in turn influences its final properties. Accelerators, such as 2,2'-Dithiobis (benzothiazole) (MBTS), N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-Sulfenamide (CBS) and diphenyl guanidine (DPG), has been selected for the study. Response of paired accelerator, MBTS/DPG and CBS/DPG in various ratio, on natural rubber (NR) compound was evaluated. Rheological properties and cure characteristics of the compounds were analyzed using Mooney viscometer and moving die rheometer (MDR) typically. Results findings showed that incorporation of DPG into the system has increased the viscosity of the compound and effected the molecular weight during the process. Further, the addition of DPG also shortened the induction period by reducing the scorch time (ts2) and decreasing the cure time (t90). Binary paired accelerator resulted in poor flow characteristic as a result of strong domination of elastic element. In general, the CBS-based system provided more balance characteristic than those of MBTS-based

Blends of nitrile butadiene rubber/poly (vinyl chloride): The use of maleated anhydride castor oil based plasticizer

Recently, much attention has been focused on research to replace petroleum-based plasticizers, with biodegradable materials, such as biopolymer which offers competitive mechanical properties. In this study, castor oil was modified with maleic anhydride (MAH) to produce bioplasticizer named maleated anhydride castor oil (MACO), and used in nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/poly vinyl chloride (PVC) blend. The effect of MACO on its cure characteristics and mechanical properties of NBR/PVC blend has been determined. The reactions were carried out at different castor oil (CO)/xylene ratios, i.e. 1:0 and 1:1 by weight, and fixed CO/MAH ratio, 1:3 by mole. DOP, CO, and MACO were added into each NBR/PVC blend according to the formula. It was found that the viscosity and safe process level of NBR/PVC blend is similar from all plasticizer, however, MACO (1:0) showed the highest cure rate index (CRI). MACO-based plasticizer gave a higher value of the mechanical properties of the NBR/PVC blend as compared to DOP based plasticizer. MACO (1:1) based plasticizer showed a rather significance performance compared to another type of plasticizers both before and after aging. The value of hardness, elongation at break, tensile strength, and tear strength were 96 Shore A, 155.91 %, 19.15 MPa, and 74.47 MPa, respectively. From this result, NBR/PVC blends based on MACO plasticizer can potentially replace the DOP, and therefore, making the rubber blends eco-friendly

Efek ukuran, bentuk dan konsentrasi partikel precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) yang ditambahkan pada sifat mekanik komposit karet alam

The objectives of this research was to study the effect of particle size, shape and concentration of PCC on mechanical properties of natural rubber composites, i.e. tensile strength (Ts) and elongation at break (Eb) at original and aging conditions. Two kinds of PCC were used, PCCL (local, size 12 μm, uncoated) and PCCD (commercial, size 0.03-0.06 μm, stearate coated). PCCL was pre-treated by applying stearic acid. PCCLA was characterized with FTIR, TG/DTA thermal analysis, and morphological test using SEM. The loading of PCC were 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0 and 12.5 phr respectively. Natural rubber composites were compounded using laboratory scale two roll mill. The incorporation of PCCLA or PCCD into rubber matrix increased Ts and Eb. Both Ts and Eb initially increased continued up to the maximum point then decreased. The maximum point of Ts and Eb of PCCLA were given on 10 phr, while of PCCD were on 10 phr and 5 phr resepectively. PCCLA with its cubical particle shape gave higher Ts and Eb than those PCCD with its needle-like shape, eventhough the particle size was larger. Aging increased tensile and elongation, because of excessive crosslinking. The characeristic of the interfacial adhesion between rubber matrix and PCC particle was estimated by Ts value, and proved that the Ts of PCCLA higher than those of PCCD